organization and management

1. NATURE AND CONCEPT
OF MANAGEMENT

2. • In this chapter, you will discover that all
organizations-public or private, large,
medium-size, or small, profit or non profit-
need good managers in order to
accomplish their goals; that organizational
management is, definitely, not an easy
task, and that coordination, efficiency, and
effectiveness are required to carry it out.

3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this chapter, the students should be able
to:
1. Discuss the meaning and functions of management.
2. Explain the various types of management theories;
3. Explain the functions, roles, and skills of a manager;
4. Understand the basic concepts and theories of
management.

4. DEFINITIONS
AND
FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT

5. MANAGEMENT
 Is the process of coordinating and
overseeing the work performance of
individuals working together in
organizations, so that they could efficiently
accomplish their chosen aims or goals.
 It is also defined as the process of
designing and maintaining an environment
for efficiently accomplishing selected aims
(Heinz, Welhrich, and Koontz, 2005).

6. Management analysis is done by
breaking it down into five major managerial
duties; thus, making managerial knowledge
more understandable. Management
functions include the following;

7. PLANNING
• Involves determining the organization’s
goals or performance objectives, defining
strategic actions that must be done to
accomplish them, and developing
coordination and integration activities.

8. • Is specifying the goals to be achieved
and deciding in advance the appropriate
actions needed to achieve those goals.
- It involves taking decisions on vision,
mission, values, objectives, strategies
and policies of an organization.

9. ORGANIZING
• Demands assigning tasks, setting aside
funds, and bringing harmonious relations
among the individuals and work groups or
teams in the organization.
• involves determination and grouping of
the activities.

10. STAFFING
• Indicates filling in the different job
positions in the organization’s structure,
the factors that influence this function
include size of the organization, types of
jobs, number of individuals to be recruited,
and some internal or external pressures.

11. • Involves recruitment, selection, induction
and positioning the people in the
organization.
- It also includes performance appraisals
and designing and administering the
motivational packages.

12. LEADING
• Entails influencing or motivating
subordinates to do their best so that they
would be able to help the organization’s
endeavour to attain their set goals.

13. • Involves close day-to-day contact with
people, helping to guide and inspire them
toward achieving team and organizational
goals.

14. CONTROLLING
• Involves evaluating and, if necessary,
correcting the performance of the
individuals or work groups or teams to
ensure that they are all working toward the
previously set goals and plans of the
organization.

15. • It measures actual performance against
the plans.

16. MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
 Functions needed in order to accomplish
the management process of coordinating
and overseeing the work performance of
individuals working together in
organizations.

17. COORDINATION
 Harmonious, integrated action of the
various parts and processes of an
organization.

18. EFFICIENCY
 The character of being able to yield the
maximum output from a minimum amount
of input.

19. EFFECTIVENESS
 Being adapted to produce an effect that
will help the organization attain it aims.