CONSTITURIONS OF CUBA , INDIA,CONGO AND COSTA RICA

1. SOCIAL SCIENCE
SEAACTIVITY
MADE BY:
KRISHANGISINGH
ROLL NO 7 CLASS 8

2. INDIAN CONSTITUTION
V/S
FOREIGN CONSTITUTION

3. INDIAN
CONSTITUTION

4. INDIAN CONTITUTION
The Indian Consttution was Ratified 26 November 1949; 71 years
ago
the date it was effective 26 January 1950; 71 years ago
System Federal Parliamentary Constitutional Republic
Branches Three (Executive, Legislature and Judiciary)
Chambers Two (Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha)
Executive Prime minister-led cabinet responsible to the lower house
of the parliament
Judiciary Supreme court, high courts and district courts
Federalism Federal
Last amended 25 January 2020 (104th)
Citation Constitution of India 9 September 2020, archived from the
original on 29 September 2020

5. INDIAN
CONSTITUTION
Location Parliament House, New Delhi, Indian
Author(s) Benegal Narsing Rau Constitutional
Advisor to the Constituent Assembly B. R.
Ambedkar, Chairman of the Drafting
Committee,Surendra Nath MukherjeeChief
Draftsman of the Constituent Assembly and other
members of Constituent Assembly Signatories 284
members of the Constituent Assembly Supersedes
Government of India Act 1935 Indian Independence
Act 1947

6. INDIAN CONSTITUTION
• The Constitution of India ( Bhāratīya Saṃvidhāna) is the supreme
law of India. The document lays down the framework that
demarcates fundamental political code, structure, procedures,
powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out
fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens. It
is the longest written constitution of any country on Earth.It imparts
constitutional supremacy (not parliamentary supremacy, since it was
created by a constituent assembly rather than Parliament) and was
adopted by its people with a declaration in its preamble. Parliament
cannot override the constitution. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and
Constitution of India on a 2015 postage stamp of India .It was
adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 26 November 1949
and became effective on 26 January 1950

7. INDIAN CONSTITUTION
• The constitution replaced the Government of India Act 1935 as
the country's fundamental governing document, and the
Dominion of India became the Republic of India. To ensure
constitutional autochthony, its framers repealed prior acts of the
British parliament in Article 395. India celebrates its constitution
on 26 January as Republic Day. The constitution declares India a
sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic, assures its
citizens justice, equality and liberty, and endeavours to promote
fraternity. The original 1950 constitution is preserved in a helium-
filled case at the Parliament House in New Delhi. The words
"secular" and "socialist" were added to the preamble in 1976
during the Emergency.

8. TIMELINE OF INDIAN
CONSTITUTION
• 6 December 1946: Formation of the Constitution Assembly (in accordance with
French practice).
• 9 December 1946: The first meeting was held in the constitution hall (now the
Central Hall of Parliament House). The 1st person to address was J. B. Kripalani,
Sachchidananda Sinha became temporary president. (Demanding a separate state,
the Muslim League boycotted the meeting.)
• 11 December 1946: The Assembly appointed Rajendra Prasad as its president, H.
C. Mukherjee as its vice-chairman and B. N. Rau as constitutional legal adviser.
(There were initially 389 members in total, which declined to 299 after partition.
Out of the 389 members, 292 were from government provinces, 4 from chief
commissioner provinces and 93 from princely states.)

9. TIMELINE OF INDIAN
CONSTITUTION
• 13 December 1946: An 'Objective Resolution' was presented by
Jawaharlal Nehru, laying down the underlying principles of the
constitution. This later became the Preamble of the Constitution.
• 22 January 1947: Objective resolution unanimously adopted.
• 22 July 1947: National flag adopted.
• 15 August 1947: Achieved independence. India split into the Dominion
of India and the Dominion of Pakistan.
• 29 August 1947: Drafting Committee appointed with B. R. Ambedkar
as its Chairman. The other 6 members of committee were Munshi,
Muhammed Sadulla, Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, N. Gopalaswami
Ayyangar, Khaitan and Mitter.

10. TIMELINE OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION
• 16 July 1948: Along with Harendra Coomar Mookerjee, V. T.
Krishnamachari was also elected as second vice-president of
Constituent Assembly.
• 26 November 1949: The Constitution of India was passed and
adopted by the assembly.
• 24 January 1950: Last meeting of Constituent Assembly. The
Constitution was signed and accepted. (with 395 Articles, 8
Schedules, 22 Parts)
• 26 January 1950: The Constitution came into force. (The process
took 2 years, 11 months and 18 days - at a total expenditure of ₹6.4
million to finish.)
• G. V. Mavlankar was the first Speaker of the Lok Sabha (the lower
house of Parliament) after India turned into a republic.

12. Dr. B. R.
Ambedkar
and
Constitution
of India on a
2015 postage
stamp of India
1950
Constituent
Assembly
meeting

13. CONGO
CONSTITUTION

14. CONGO CONSTITIUTION
• Constitution
• Human rights
• Government President
• Félix Tshisekedi Government
• Prime Minister
• Jean-Michel
• Sama Lukonde (Lukonde cabinet)ParliamentSenatePresident
National Assembly President Judiciary Constitutional Court Court
of Cassation Administrative divisions Provinces
(governors)Territories Cities Sectors Chiefdoms Communes

15. CONGO CONSTITUTION
• The Democratic Republic of the Congo is now under the
regime of the constitution which was approved in a
referendum by the Congolese people, and promulgated on
February 18, 2006 by President Joseph Kabila. It is the
Democratic Republic of the Congo's sixth constitution
General provisions
• New political subdivisions were brought by this constitution.
The country is divided in 25 provinces, and the capital-city of
Kinshasa – to take full-effect 36 months after the official
installation of the newly elected President, which occurred on
December 6, 2006. The motto of the country is : "Justice,
Peace, Work".1960.

16. CONGO CONSTITUTION
• Political pluralism
• Creating and belonging to a political party is a civil and
political right for all Congolese people. Political parties
must obey the law on political parties, respect public
order and operate in accordance with "good mors". Parties
receive subsidies from the government for their electoral
campaign. Having a one-party-system is expressly
unconstitutional.

17. CONGO CONSTITUTION
• Rights and duties
• Civil, political, economic, social, cultural and collective rights,
as well as the duties of all citizens, are defined in Title II of the
constitution – the unofficial bill of rights and duties. Title II also
states that ignorance of the law is not a valid defense in court, or
anywhere.
• The new constitution limits marriage, in article 40, as the right to
« marry the person of one's choice, of the opposite sex, and to
create a family » ; thus, it forbids same sex marriage.

19. COSTA RICAN
CONSTITUTION

20. COSTA RICAN CONSTITUTION
• Jurisdiction Republic of Costa Rica
• Created 7 November 1949
• System Presidential unitary republic
• Branches 4
• Chambers Unicameral
• Executive President
• Judiciary Supreme and
• Electoral First legislature 8 November 1949
• First executive 8 November 1949

21. COSTA RICAN
CONSTITUTION
• Amendments 17
• Last amended 2015
• Location National Museum of Costa Rica
• Commissioned by Governing Junta
• Author(s) Constituent Assembly of Costa Rica
• Signatories All 45 deputies
• Supersedes Costa Rican Constitution of 1871

22. COSTA RICAN
CONSTITUTION
• The Constitution of Costa Rica is the supreme law of Costa
Rica. At the end of the 1948 Costa Rican Civil War, José
Figueres Ferrer oversaw the Costa Rican Constitutional
Assembly, which drafted the document. It was approved on
1949 November 7. Several older constitutions had been in
effect starting from 1812, with the most recent former
constitution ratified in 1871. The Costa Rican Constitution is
remarkable in that in its Article 12 abolished the Costa Rican
military, making it the second nation after Japan to do so by
law. Another unusual clause is an amendment asserting the
right to live in a healthy natural environment.

24. CUBA CONSTITUTION

25. CUBA CONSTITUTION
• Even before attaining its independence from Spain, Cuba had
several constitutions either proposed or adopted by insurgents as
governing documents for territory they controlled during their war
against Spain. Cuba has had several constitutions since winning its
independence. The first constitution since the Cuban Revolution
was drafted in 1976 and has since been amended. In 2018, Cuba
became engaged in a major revision of its Constitution, which was
widely discussed by the people and by academics. The current
constitution was then enacted in 2019.

26. CUBA
CONSTITUTION
• Events in early nineteenth-century Spain prompted a general
concern with constitutions throughout Spain's overseas
possessions. In 1808, both King Ferdinand VII and his
predecessor and father, Charles IV, resigned their claims to the
throne in favor of Napoleon Bonaparte, who in turn passed the
crown to his brother Joseph. In the ensuing Peninsular War, the
Spanish waged a war of independence against the French
Empire. On 19 March 1812, the Cortes Generales in refuge in
Cádiz adopted the Spanish Constitution of 1812, which
established a constitutional monarchy and eliminated many basic
institutions that privileged some groups over others. The Cortes
included representatives from throughout the Spanish Empire,
including Cuba.

27. CUBA CONSTITUTION
• Several models of constitutional government were proposed for Cuba.
José Agustín Caballero offered "a charter for Cuban autonomy under
Spanish rule" in Diario de la Habana in 1810,elaborated as the Project
for an Autonomous Government in Cuba in 1811. The next year,
Bayamo attorney Joaquín Infante living in Caracas wrote his
Constitutional Project for the Island of Cuba. He reconciled his liberal
political principles with slavery in Cuba, noting that slave
• ry existed in the United States alongside republican government.
Spanish authorities imprisoned him for his writings. In 1821, Félix
Varela represented Cuba in the Cortes Generales of Spain during a
short period when the Constitution of 1812 was revived. He joined in
a petition to the Crown for the independence of Spain's Latin
American colonies, supported by his Project of Instruction for the
Politically and Economically Autonomous Government of the
Overseas Provinces.

29. REFRENCE LINKS
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Democratic
_Republic_of_the_Congo#:~:text=The%20Constitution%20of%
20the%20Democratic,since%20its%20independence%20in%
201960.
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Costa_Rica#:~:
text=The%20Constitution%20of%20Costa%20Rica,approved
%20on%201949%20November%207.
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Cuba#:~:text=
Cuba%20has%20had%20several%20constitutions,and%20ha
s%20since%20been%20amended.&text=The%20current%20
constitution%20was%20then%20enacted%20in%202019.