36. “My overall view of WM therefore
comprised, and still comprises, a
relatively loose theoretical framework
rather than a precise model that allows
specific predictions.”
(Baddeley, 2012)
1.5 音声言語処理とワーキングメモリ
57. Jane loved watching movies, / but she didn’t have
enough money / to see them very often. / Then
one day / she got a part-time job / at a movie
theater. / Her job was / to check everyone’s
ticket. / Now she is very happy. / She can watch
movies for free / as often as she likes. /
Question: Why is Jane very happy?
3.1 Sugai, Yamane, & Kanzaki(2016)
67. 3.3 Sugai他(2017)
Participants
- 213 EFL Japanese students in 10 intact classes in 3 universitie
- low beginner to upper intermediate proficiency (approximate
- no hearing impairment was reported
- out of 213 participants, 41 participants were removed from a
68. Listening proficiency test
- A 30-item listening test: each item consists of one
monologue with one multiple choice comprehension
question (M = 20.11, SD = 6.11).
- Sugai et al.’s (2016) extracted version of the STEP
(The Society for Testing English Proficiency) Eiken test
in Practical English Proficiency.
- Correlation with the TOEIC® listening section with
107 learners: r = .86
3.3 Sugai他(2017)
69. Comprehension test
- 20 test items, each item consists of one short passage
(49-92 words) and one short comprehension question.
- a chunk was determined by the researchers using the
following criteria:
pauses were inserted between grammatical
boundaries
each chunk was no longer than 9 syllables (Perceptual
Sense Unit or PSU; Miller, 1956; Kohno, 1990; 1994;
1998).
3.3 Sugai他(2017)
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