Khimlal Devkota's Analysis of Nepal's Draft Constitution

Ps ;ldIffTds l6Kk0fL
lvdnfn b]jsf]6f
7/24/2015
Comment on Draft Constitution By Khimlal
Devkota 1

7/24/2015
Devkota 2

7/24/2015
Devkota 3

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] cfsf/
 g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@
 k|f/lDes d:of}bf
 ;+ljwfg d:of}bf ;ldlt
 ;+ljwfg;ef ;lrjfno
 l;+xb/af/
7/24/2015
Devkota 4

ljifo;"rL
 k|:tfjgf ============================================== !
 efu–!
 k|f/lDes ==================================================!
 efu–@
 gful/stf ================================================#
 efu–#
 df}lns xs / st{Jo======================^
 efu–$
 /fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGt, gLlt tyf
bfloTj==========!%
 efu–%
 /fHosf] ;+/rgf / /fHo zlQmsf]
afF8kmfF6========@#
 efu–^
 /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«klt
===============================================@^
 efu–&
 ;+3Lo sfo{kflnsf
==========================================================@(
 efu–*
 ;+3Lo Joj:yflksf ============================#@
 efu–(
 ;+3Lo Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw =============$)
 efu–!)
 ;+3Lo cfly{s sfo{k|0ffnL== $#
 efu–!!
 Gofokflnsf==============================================$^
 efu–!@
 k|fb]lzs sfo{kflnsf =============================%^
 efu–!#
 k|fb]lzs Joj:yflksf ==========================^)
 efu–!$
 k|fb]lzs Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw ===========^^
 efu–!%
 k|fb]lzs cfly{s sfo{k|0ffnL================^*
 efu–!^
 :yfgLo sfo{kflnsf ====================&)
 efu–!&
 :yfgLo Joj:yflksf =========================&$
7/24/2015
Devkota 5

ljifo;"rL efu–!*
 :yfgLo cfly{s sfo{k|0ffnL =========== &^
 efu–!(
 ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx jLr
cGt/;DaGw =======================================&&
 efu–@)
clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u &(
 efu–@!
 dxfn]vf k/LIfs ===============*!
 efu–@@
 ;+3Lo nf]s ;]jf cfof]u *#
 efu–@#
 lgjf{rg cfof]u ==================================*^
 efu–@$
 /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u =
ZX**
 efu–@%
 /fli6«o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQLo
cfof]u (!
 efu–@^
 /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]u ======(#
 efu–@&
 /fli6«o blnt cfof]u =================(%
 efu–@*
 /fli6«o ;dfj]zL cfof]u ==================(&
 efu–@(
 dxfGofoflwjQmf========================((
 efu–#)
 /fli6«o ;'/Iff ;DaGwL Joj:yf =!)!
 efu–#!
 /fhgLlts bn ;DaGwL Joj:yf !)@
 efu–#@
 ;+s6sfnLg clwsf/ ========================!)$
 efu–##
 ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ==============================!)^
 efu–#$
 ljljw ======================================================!)&
 efu–#%
 ;+qmd0fsfnLg Joj:yf========================!!@
 efu–#^
 kl/efiff / JofVof===============================!!%
 efu–#&
 ;+lIfKt gfd, k|f/De /
vf/]hL========================================================!!&
7/24/2015
Devkota 6

cg';"rL
 cg';"rL–!
 g]kfnsf] /fli6«o em08f agfpg] tl/sf ====!!*
 cg';"rL–@
 g]kfnsf] /fli6«o ufg =========================!@)
 cg';"rL–#
 g]kfnsf] lgzfg 5fk ==========================!@!
 cg';"rL–$
 ;+3sf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL =======================!@@
 cg';"rL–%
 k|b]zsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL ======================!@$
 cg';"rL–^
 ;+3 / k|b]zsf] ;femf clwsf/sf] ;"rL ===!@^
 cg';"rL–&
 :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL ===========!@*
7/24/2015
Devkota 7

;+ljwfg d:of}bfsf] ;fdfGo hgfsf/L
 efu #&, wf/f @(&, cg';'lr &, k[i7 !@*
 d'ntM@)$& ;fnb]lv sfod /xb} cfPsf] k/Dk/f wfGb} / s]xL gof cjwf/0ff ;d]6b} k|:t't x'g
k|oTgdf of] d:of}bf
 ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq d:of}bfsf] d'ndGq
 ;xof]ufTds ;+3Lo k|0ffnL
 ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo u/L ltg txsf] ;/sf/
 s]lGb|s[t ;+/rgf s]Gb|sf] gLlt lgb]{zg / kl/lwleq k|b]zn] cEof; ug]{ ck]Iff cjlzi6 clwsf/
s]Gb|df /xg] s]Gb|n] g} km|djs{ n]lhin]zgsf ?kdf zf;gsf] df]6f] vfsf k|:t't ug]{
 cu|flwsf/,ljz]ifflwsf/ / cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ cf]em]ndf
 hftLo lje]bsf] ;+jf]wg / cfO{ Pn cf] sGe]G;gdf sdhf]/ k|:t'lt
 gful/stfdf k/Dk/fjfbL g]kfnL ;GtfgnfO{ c+lus[t gful/stf lbg] k|:tfj
 df}lns xssf] nfdf] km]xl/:t t/ sfg'gsf] dftxtdf df}lns xs
 wd{lg/k]If, wd{jf6 cnu /xg kfpg] wfld{s :jtGqtfsf] Uof/]06L
7/24/2015
Devkota 8

;+ljwfg d:of}bfsf] ;fdfGo hgfsf/L===
 ;+;bLo k|0ffnLsf] lg/Gt/tf
 /fi6|klt pk/fi6|klt k|wfgdGqL dGqL k|b]z k|d'v d'Vo dGqL ;d]tsf kbflwsf/L
 sfo{kflnsf Joj:yflksf / Gofokflnsfdf cfwf/e't kl/jt{g 5}g @)$& sf] ;+ljwfgsf] lg/Gt/tf
 cfof]ux?df dlxnf, blnt, ;dfj]zLs/0f, k|fs[lts >f]t tyf ljlQo cfof]ux? yk
 gLlt lgb]{zs l;4fGtn] cfly{s ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf] clenfzf
 df}lns xsdf /fhg}lts clwsf/sf ;fy} cfly{s ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] klg Joj:yf
 efiffsf] dfdnfdf k'/fg}sf] lg/Gt/tf
 ldl>t lgjf{rg k|0ffnL ^).$)
 clVtof/sf] clwsf/ s6f}lt cg’'lrt sfo{ x6fP/ ei6frf/ dfq} /flvof]
 /fli6|o lxt ljkl/t sfo{ ug]{nfO{ bl08t ug]{
 wfld{s :jtGqtf wd{lg/k]Iftf / ufO{ /fli6|o hgfj/ Ps} 7fpdf
7/24/2015
Devkota 9

;+ljwfg d:of}bfsf] ;fdfGo hgfsf/L==== ;+3Lo d’'n's t/ PsfTds Gofokflnsf
 ;+ljwfg hf/L ePsf] ;ft lbgdf k|wfgdGqL Ps dlxgfdf /fi6|klt pk/fi6|klt, clwj]zg k|f/De ePsf] @)
lbgdf ;efd'v / pk;efd'vsf] lgjf{rg
 cbfntsf Gofolwz tyf ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] k'glg{o'lQm jf lg/Gt/tf jf/]df clgl0f{t
 Gofokl/ifbsf jf/]df eg] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgs} lg/Gt/tf
 df}lns xs / lgb]{zs l;4fGtdf cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] lg/Gt/tf
 lj:t[t zflGt ;+emf}tf / xfltof/ Joj:yfkg ;+emf}tf cj cg';'rLdf /x]gg ;Tolg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u
/ j]kQf cfof]usf] cfwf/ s] x'g] eGg] jf/]df d:of}bf df}g
 k|ltlglw;efdf @&%, /fli6|o ;efdf $% k|b]z;efdf %%) u/L hDdf *&) hgfsf] ljwfosx?sf] hDjf] 6f]nL
:yfgLo lgsfosf] ;+Vof hf]l8Psf] 5]g .
 dlxnfsf] ## k|ltzt Uof/]06L t/ jf+sL c? blnt dw]zL cflbjf;L hghflt d'lnd lk5l8Psf] If]qsf]
k|ltlglwTj w/fkdf
 klxrfg / ;fdfYo{sf cfwf/df * k|b]z t/ l;df8sg / gfdf+sg sfnflu cfof]usf] l/kf]6{ s'g]{ cfof]u
;/sf/n] u7g ug]{ 5 dlxgf Dofb lbg] k|ltjbg k|fKt ePsf] ltgdlxgfdf ;+;bsf] b'O{ltxfO{n] cg'df]bg ug{
kg]{7/24/2015
Devkota 10

gof ;+ljwfgdf gful/stf
!@= j+zhsf] cfwf/df gful/stf M -!_ g]kfndf :yfoL a;f]af; ePsf] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] JolQmnfO{ j+zhsf] cfwf/df
g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|bfg ul/g]5 M–
-s_ s'g} JolQmsf] hGd x'Fbfsf avt lghsf] cfdf / afa' g]kfnL gful/s /x]5 eg] To:tf] JolQm,
-v_ s'g} JolQmsf] g]kfndf hGd x'Fbfsf avt lghsf] cfdf jf afa' dWo] Ps g]kfnL gful/s /x]sf]df gful/stf
k|fKt ubf{sf avt lghsf cfdf / afa' b'a} g]kfnL gful/s /x]5g eg] To:tf] JolQm .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd j+zhsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] gful/s 7xg]{ JolQm / of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'g'eGbf cl3 hGdsf]
cfwf/df g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf gful/ssf ;Gtfgn] lgh aflnu ePkl5 cfdf jf afa'sf] gfdaf6 j+zhsf]
cfwf/df g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|fKt ug]{5 .
-#_ cfdf afa'sf] 7]ufg gePsf] g]kfnleq k]mnf k/]sf] k|To]s gfaflnu lghsf] cfdf jf afa' kQf gnfu];Dd j+zhsf]
cfwf/df g]kfnL gful/s dflgg]5 .
-$_ g]kfnL gful/s cfdfaf6 g]kfndf hGd eO{ g]kfndf g} a;f]af; u/]sf] / afa'sf] klxrfg gePsf] JolQmnfO{
j+zhsf] cfwf/df gful/stf k|bfg ul/g]5 .
 t/ afa' ljb]zL gful/s ePsf] k|dfl0ft ePdf To:tf] JolQmsf] gful/stf sfg'g adf]lhd cËLs[t gful/stfdf
kl/0ft x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 11

gof ;+ljwfgdf gful/stf====
!#= cËLs[t gful/stf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M
-!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 g]kfnL gful/s;Fu ljjfx ug]{ ljb]zL
k'?ifn] j}jflxs cËLs[t gful/stf lng rfx]df g]kfndf kGw| jif{ :yfoL a;f]af;
u/L ljb]zsf] gful/stf kl/Tofu ug]{ sf/afxL rnfPdf sfg'g adf]lhd g]kfnsf]
cËLs[t gful/stf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5 .
 -@_ g]kfnL gful/s;Fu ljjfx ug]{ ljb]zL dlxnfn] g]kfnsf] gful/stf lng
rfx]df lghn] ljb]zsf] gful/stf kl/Tofu ug]{ sf/afxL rnfPkl5 sfg'g
adf]lhd g]kfnsf] cËLs[t gful/stf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5 .
 -#_ ljb]zL gful/s;Fu ljjfx ePsf] g]kfnL gful/saf6 g]kfndf hGd eO{
g]kfndf g} :yfoL a;f]af; u/]sf] / ljb]zL d'n'ssf] gful/stf k|fKt gu/]sf]
:jo+ 3f]if0ff ug]{ JolQmn] sfg'g adf]lhd g]kfnsf] cËLs[t gful/stf k|fKt
ug{]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 12

cGtl/d ;+ljwfg
*= ;+l+jwfg k|f/De x'bfsf avtsf] gful/stf M -!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt
g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] / o; efu adf]lhd gful/stf k|fKt ug{ of]Uo
JolQmx¿ g]kfnsf gful/s x'g]5g .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt g]kfndf :yfoL a;f]jf; ePsf] b]xfosf] JolQm
j+zhsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] gful/s 7xg]{5M–
-s_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'g'eGbf cl3 j+zhsf] cfwf/df gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] JolQm,
-v_ s'g} JolQmsf] hGd x'Fbfsf avt lghsf] afa' jf cfdf g]kfnL gful/s /x]5
eg] To:tf] JolQm .
-#_ g]kfn ;/xbleq k]mnf k/]sf] lkt[Tj dft[Tjsf] 7]ufg gePsf] k|To]sgfafns lghsf]
afa' jf cfdf k]mnf gk/];Dd j+zhsf] cfwf/df g]kfnL gful/s 7xg]{5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 13

df}lns xssf] ;'lr
 @!= ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] xs
 @@= :jtGqtfsf] xs
 @#= ;dfgtfsf] xs
 @$= cfd ;~rf/sf] xs
 @%= Gofo ;DaGwL xs
 @^= ck/fw kLl8tsf] xs
 @&= oftgf lj?4sf] xs
 @*= lgjf/s gh/aGb lj?4sf] xs
 @(= 5'jf5"t tyf e]befj lj?4sf]
xs
 #)= ;DklQsf] xs
 #!= wfld{s :jtGqtfsf] xs
 #@= ;"rgfsf] xs
 ##= uf]kgLotfsf] xs
 #$= zf]if0f lj?4sf] xs
 #%= :jR5 jftfj/0fsf] xs
 #^= lzIff ;DaGwL xs
 #&= efiff tyf ;+:s[ltsf] xs
 #*= /f]huf/Lsf] xs
 #(= >dsf] xs
 $)= :jf:Yo ;DaGwL xs
 $!= vfB ;DaGwL xs
 $@= cfjf;sf] xs
 $#= dlxnfsf] xs
 $$= afnaflnsfsf] xs
 $%= blntsf] xs
 $^= Ho]i7 gful/ssf] xs
 $&= ;fdflhs Gofosf] xs
 $*= ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs
 $(= pkef]Qmfsf] xs
 %)= b]z lgsfnf lj?4sf] xs
 %!= ;+j}wflgs pkrf/sf] xs /
df}lns xssf] sfof{Gjog
 %@= gful/ssf st{Jo
7/24/2015
Devkota 14

efu–$
/fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGt, gLlt tyf bfloTj
 /fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGt cGtu{t
 /fHosf] /fhg}lts p2]Zo, ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts p2]Zo cfly{s p2]Zo / cGt/fli6|o ;DjGwsf jf/]df rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 .
 /fHosf gLlt cGtu{t /fli6|o Pstf / /fli6|o ;'/Iff ;DjlGw gLlt
 /fhgLlts tyf zf;g Joj:yf ;DjlGw gLlt
 ;fdflhs tyf ;f:s[lts ?kfGt/0f ;DjlGw gLlt
 cy{ / jfl0fHo ;DjlGw gLlt
 s[lif / e'ld;'wf/ ;DjlGw gLlt
 ljsf; ;DjGwL gLlt
 k|fs[lts ;fwg >f]tsf] ;+/If0f ;Djw{g / pkof]u ;DjlGw gLlt
 gful/ssf cfwf/e"t cfjZostf ;DjGwL gLlt
 >d tyf /f]huf/ ;DjlGw gLlt
 ;fdflhs Gofo / ;dfj]lzs/0f ;DjGwL gLlt
 Gofo / b08 Joj:yf ;DjlGw gLlt
 ko{6g ;DjlGw gLlt
 cGt/fli6|o ;DjGw ;DjGwL gLlt
/fHosf] bfloTj M g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, /fli6«o :jfwLgtf / cv08tf cIf'00f /fVb} df}lns xs tyf dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+jw{g{ ug]{,
/fHosf lgb]{zs l;2fGtx¿sf] cg';/0f ug]{ tyf /fHosf gLltx¿sf] qmdzM sfof{Gjog ub}{ hfg] /fHosf] bfloTj x'g]5 .7/24/2015
Devkota 15

efu–%
/fHosf] ;+/rgf / /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8
 ;+3Lo ;+/rgfM
 k|fb]zLs ;+/rgfM klxrfg / ;fdfYo{sf cfwf/df * k|b]z-l;dfgf cfof]un]
gfd k|b]z;efn]_
 :yfgLo ;+/rgfM -ufp gu/ / lhNnf_ ljz]if ;+/rgf sfg'gn] tf]Sg] ufp
gu/sf] l;dfgfsfnflu ;/sf/n] cfof]u u7g ug]{ Ps jif{ leq ;DkGg ug]{
 /fHozlQmsf] jf8kmf8
 ;+3sf] clwsf/sf] ;'lr cg';'lr $
 k|b]zsf] clwsf/sf] ;'lr cg';'lr %
 ;+femf clwsf/sf] ;'lr cg';'lr ^
 :yfgLo clwsf/sf] ;'lr cg';'lr &
 cjlzi6 clwsf/ ;+3df lglxt x'g],
 cfly{s clwsf/sf] k|of]u / /fhZjsf] >f]tsf] jf8kmf8 s]Gb|n] ug]{
7/24/2015
Devkota 16

efu—^
/fi6«klt / pk/fi6«klt
/fi6«klt M -!_ g]kfndf Ps /fi6«klt /xg]5 .
 -@_ /fi6«klt d'n'ssf] /fi6«fWoIf x'g]5 . lghn] o; ;+ljwfg / sfg'g adf]lhd cfˆgf] sfo{
;Dkfbg ug]{5 .
 -#_ /fi6«klt g]kfnL ;]gfsf] k/dflwklt x'g]5 .
 -$_ /fi6«klt g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfsf] /fli6«o Pstfsf] k|tLssf] ¿kdf /xg]5 .
 -%_ ;+ljwfgsf] kfngf / ;+/If0f ug'{ /fi6«kltsf] k|d'v st{Jo x'g]5 .
/fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg M -!_ /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg ;+3Lo ;+;bsf ;b:o / k|b]z ;efsf ;b:o
dtbftf /x]sf] lgjf{rs d08naf6 x'g]5 . ;+3Lo ;+;bsf ;b:o / k|b]z ;efsf ;b:osf]
dtef/ km/s x'g] u/L sfg'gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
pk/fi6«klt ;DaGwL Joj:yf M pk/fi6«kltsf] of]Uotf, lgjf{rg k|lqmof, kbfjlw ;DaGwL
Joj:yf /fi6«kltsf] ;/x x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 17

efu–&
;+3Lo sfo{kflnsf
zf;sLo :j?k M b]zsf] zf;sLo :j?k ax'njfbdf cfwfl/t ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{Tds ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds ;+;bLo zf;g k|0ffnL x'g]5 .
sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ M -!_ g]kfnsf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ of] ;+ljwfg / sfg'g adf]lhd dlGqkl/ifbdf lglxt x'g]5 .
 -@_ of] ;+ljwfg / sfg'gsf] cwLgdf /xL g]kfnsf] zf;g Joj:yfsf] ;fdfGo lgb]{zg,lgoGq0f / ;~rfng ug]{ cleef/f dlGqkl/ifbdf x'g]5 .
 -#_ g]kfnsf] ;+3Lo sfo{sfl/0fL ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf x'g]5 .
 -$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf x'g] lg0f{o jf cfb]z / tT;DaGwL clwsf/kqsf] k|df0fLs/0f sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
&(= dlGqkl/ifbsf] u7g M -!_ /fi6«kltn] k|ltlglw;efdf ax'dt k|fKt ;+;bLo bnsf] g]tfnfO{ k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm ug]{5 / lghsf] cWoIftfdf dlGqkl/ifbsf]
u7g x'g]5 .
 -@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k|ltlglw;efdf s'g} klg bnsf] :ki6 ax'dt g/x]sf] cj:yfdf k|ltlglw ;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L bnx?sf]
;dy{gdf ax'dt k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] k|ltlglw;efsf] ;b:onfO{ /fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm ug]{5 .
 -#_ k|ltlglw;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] clGtd kl/0ffd 3f]if0ff ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL lgo'lQm x'g ;Sg] cj:yf gePdf jf
To;/L lgo'Qm k|wfgdGqLn] pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt ug{ g;s]df /fi6«kltn] k|ltlglw;efdf ;a}eGbf a9L ;b:ox¿ ePsf] bnsf]
;+;bLo bnsf] g]tfnfO{ k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm ug]{5 .
 -$_ pkwf/f -@_ jf -#_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm k|wfgdGqLn] cfkm" lgo'Qm ePsf] tL; lbgleq k|ltlglw;efaf6 ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 .
 -%_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm k|wfgdGqLn] pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd ljZjf;sf] dtk|fKt ug{ g;s]df pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdsf] s'g} ;b:on] k|ltlglw;efdf
ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf ePdf /fi6«kltn] To:tf] ;b:onfO{ k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm ug{]5 .
 -^_ pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm k|wfgdGqLn] pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 .
 -&_ pkwf/f -#_ jf -%_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm k|wfgdGqLn] pkwf/f -$_ jf -^_ adf]lhd ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt ug{ g;s]df jf pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL
lgo'Qm x'g g;s]df /fi6«kltn] k|ltlglw;efnfO{ lj36g u/L 5 dlxgfleq csf]{ lgjf{rg ;DkGg x'g] u/L ldlt tf]Sg]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 18

efu–*
;+3Lo Joj:yflksf
 k|ltlglw;ef @&%;b:oLo x'g]5 .
 klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g]-k|ToIf_ !^%
 ;dfg'kflts k|0ffnLjf6 !!)
/fli6«o ;efdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf k}+tfnL; ;b:o /xg]5g M–
 -s_ k|b]z ;efsf ;b:o / :yfgLo lgsfosf k|d'v /x]sf] lgjf{rs d08nåf/f sfg'g
adf]lhd k|b]z ;efsf ;b:o / :yfgLo lgsfosf k|d'vsf] dtsf] ef/ km/s x'g] u/L
k|To]s k|b]zaf6 sDtLdf b'O{ hgf dlxnf ;lxt kfFr hgfsf] b/n] lgjf{lrt rfnL;
;b:o,
 -v_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltaf6 dgf]gLt sDtLdf b'O{ hgf dlxnf
;lxt kfFrhgf .
 /fli6«o ;efsf ;b:ox?sf] kbfjlw 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 19

k|b]z ;efsf] u7g
-!_ k|To]s k|b]z ;efdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;+Vofdf ;b:o /xg] 5g M—
 -s_ ;DalGwt k|b]zaf6 k|ltlglw;efdf klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL
 cg';f/ lgjf{lrt x'g] ;b:o ;+Vofsf] bf]Aa/ ;+Vofdf x'g cfpg] ;b:o,
 -v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd sfod x'g] ;b:o ;+VofnfO{ ;f7L k|ltzt dfgL afFsL
 rfnL; k|ltztn] x'g cfpg] ;b:o ;+Vofdf ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnLaf6
 lgjf{lrt x'g] ;b:o .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] ;b:o lgjf{rgsf] nflu e"uf]n / hg;+Vofsf]
 cfwf/df sfg'g adf]lhd lgjf{rg If]q sfod ul/g]5 .
-#_ k|b]z ;efsf ;f7L k|ltzt ;b:ox? klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL
 cg';f/ / rfnL; k|ltzt ;b:ox? ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnL cg';f/ sfg'g
adf]lhd aflnu
 dtflwsf/sf] cfwf/df uf]Ko dtbfgåf/f lgjf{lrt x'g]5g .
7/24/2015
Devkota 20

:yfgLo ;efsf] u7g
ufpF;efsf] u7g M -!_ k|To]s ufpF;efdf ufpF sfo{kflnsf k|d'v / pkk|d'v, ufpFkflnsfsf x/]s j8faf6 kfFrhgfsf]
b/n] sfg'g adf]lhd lgjf{lrt k}+tfnL;hgf ;b:o /xg] 5g .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd u7g x'g] ufpF;efdf k|To]s j8faf6 sDtLdf b'O{hgf dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g]5 .
-#_ ufpF;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dtaf6 k|To]s j8faf6 lgjf{lrt ePsf kfFrhgf ;b:o
dWo] Ps hgfnfO{ ufpF sfo{kflnsfsf] ;b:o lgjf{lrt ul/g]5 . To:tf] ;b:o ;DalGwt j8fsf] kb]g cWoIf x'g]5 .
k|To]s j8fdf j8f cWoIf / ;f]xL j8faf6 lgjf{lrt ;b:ox? /x]sf] j8f ;ldlt u7g x'g]5 .
-$_ ufpF;ef ;b:osf] lgjf{rg klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL cg';f/ aflnu dtflwsf/sf] cfwf/df uf]Ko
dtbfgåf/f x'g]5 .
gu/;efsf] u7g M -!_ k|To]s gu/;efdf gu/ sfo{kflnsf k|d'v / pkk|d'v, gu/kflnsfsf x/]s j8faf6 kfFr
hgfsf] b/n] sfg'g adf]lhd lgjf{lrt sDtLdf krkGg hgf ;b:o /xg]5g .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd u7g x'g] gu/;efdf k|To]s j8faf6 sDtLdf b'O{hgf dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g]5 .
-#_ gu/;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o;+Vofsf] ax'dtaf6 k|To]s j8faf6 lgjf{lrt ePsf kfFr hgf
;b:o dWo] Ps hgfnfO{ gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] ;b:odf lgjf{lrt ul/g]5 / To:tf] ;b:o ;DalGwt j8fsf] kb]g
cWoIf x'g]5 . k|To]s j8fdf j8f cWoIf / ;f]xL j8faf6 lgjf{lrt ;b:ox? /x]sf] j8f ;ldlt u7g x'g]5 .
-$_ gu/;ef ;b:osf] lgjf{rg klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL cg';f/ aflnu dtflwsf/sf] cfwf/df uf]Ko
dtbfgåf/f x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 21

;+j}wflgs cfof]ux?
 clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u
 dxfn]vf kl/Ifs
 ;+3Lo nf]s;]jf cfof]u
 lgjf{rg cfof]u
 /fli6|o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u
 /fli6|o k|fs[lts >f]t tyf ljlQo cfof]u
 /fli6|o dlxnf cfof]u
 /fli6|o blnt cfof]u
 /fli6|o ;dfj]zL cfof]u
 dxfGofoflwjQmf
 lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]u
 ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb
 ;'/Iff kl/ifb
 Gofo kl/ifb
 cGt/k|fb]lzs kl/ifb
7/24/2015
Devkota 22

cGtl/d ;+ljwfg klxnf] ;+ljwfg;ef ;+jfb ;ldlt / gof d:of}bfsf] t'ngfTds
cWoog
7/24/2015
Devkota 23

k|
:
t
f
j
g
f
xfdL ;fj{ef}d;Qf;DkGg g]kfnL hgtfÙ
g]kfnsf] :jtGqtf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf, /fli6«o Pstf, :jfwLgtf /
:jfledfgnfO{ cIf'00f /fVb}Ù nf]stGq, zflGt, dfgjclwsf/ / cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf
nflu ul/Psf P]ltxfl;s ;z:q ;‹if{,zflGtk"0f{ hgcfGbf]ng / dw]z cfGbf]ng tyf
g]kfnL hgtfsf] Tofu, alnbfg / zxLbx?nfO{;Ddfg ub}{Ù
;fdGtL, lg/°'z, s]Gb|Ls[t, PsfTds / lkt[;QfTds /fHoJoj:yfn] ;[hgf u/]sf
lje]b / pTkL8gsf] kL8fnfO{ cg'e"lt ub}{Ù
ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s, ax';f+:s[lts tyf If]qLo ljljwtfo'Qmljz]iftfnfO{
cfTd;ft u/Lljljwtf aLrsf] Pstf, ;fdflhs–;f+:s[lts P]Soa4tf, ;lxi0f'tf /
;befjnfO{ ;+/If0f tyf k|j4{g ug]{ k|0f ub}{Ù
hgtfsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds, ax'bnLo, nf]stflGqs, ;dfg'kflts, ;dfj]zL zf;g
Joj:yf, gful/s:jtGqtf, df}lns clwsf/, dfgj clwsf/, aflnu dtflwsf/,
cfjlws lgjf{rg, k|]; :jtGqtf,:jtGq / pQ/bfoL Gofokflnsf tyf sfg"gsf]
zf;gsf] cjwf/0ff nufotsf nf]stflGqs d"No /dfGotfnfO{ cjnDag u/L
;dfhjfbsf] cfwf/ lgdf{0f ug{ k|lta4 /xFb}Ù
/fli6«o cv08tfnfO{ cIf'00f /fvL hgtfsf] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/, :jfoQtf /
:jzf;gsf]clwsf/nfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{Ù
juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, eflifs, wfld{s, n}lËs / j0f{Joj:yfhGo hftkft / 5'jf5"t
nufot ;a}k|sf/sf lje]b / pTkL8gsf] cGTo u/L cfly{s ;dfgtf, ;DkGgtf /
;fdflhs Gofo ;'lglZrtug{ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL / ;xeflutfd"ns dfGotfsf]
cfwf/df ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ ;+sNk ub}{Ù;fdGtjfbsf ;a}vfn]
cjz]ifx?sf] cGTo ub}{ ;‹Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds zf;g Joj:yfsf]
dfWodåf/f lbuf] zflGt, ;d[l4 / ljsf;sf] cfsf+Iff k"/f ug{ ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t of]
;+ljwfg lgdf{0fu/L hf/L ePsf] 3f]if0ff ub{5f}+ .
xfdL ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg g]kfnL hgtfÙ
g]kfnsf] :jtGqtf, ;fj{ef}ldstf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf, /fli6«o Pstf,
:jfwLgtf / :jfledfgnfO{ cIf'00f
/fvL hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d clwsf/, :jfoQtf / :jzf;gsf] clwsf/nfO{
cfTd;ft ub}{Ù
/fi6«lxt, nf]stGq / cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf nflu g]kfnL hgtfn] k6s—
k6s ub{} cfPsf P]ltxfl;s
hgcfGbf]ng, ;z:q ;+3if{, Tofu / alnbfgsf] uf}/jk"0f{ Oltxf;nfO{
:d/0f Pj+ zxLbx? tyf a]kQf /kLl8t gful/sx?nfO{ ;Ddfg ub}{,
;fdGtL, lg/+s'z, s]Gb|Ls[t, PsfTds / /fHo Joj:yfn] ;[hgf u/]sf
;a} k|sf/sf lje]b / pTkL8gsf]cGTo ub}{Ù
ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s, ax';f+:s[lts tyf ef}uf]lns
ljljwtfo'Qm ljz]iftfnfO{ cfTd;ft u/Lljljwtf aLrsf] Pstf,
;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts P]Soa4tf, ;lxi0f'tf / ;befjnfO{ ;+/If0f Pj+
k|jw{g ug]{,
juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, eflifs, wfld{s, n}lËs / ;a} k|sf/sf hftLo
5'jf5"tsf] cGTo u/L cfly{s;dfgtf, ;d[l4 / ;fdflhs Gofo
;'lglZrt ug{ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL / ;xeflutfd"ns
l;2fGtsf]cfwf/df ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ ;+sNk ub}{Ù
hgtfsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs zf;g k|0ffnL, gful/s
:jtGqtf, df}lns clwsf/, dfgjclwsf/, aflnu dtflwsf/, cfjlws
lgjf{rg, k|]; :jtGqtf, :jtGq, lgikIf / ;Ifd Gofokflnsf tyf
sfg'gL /fHosf] cjwf/0ff nufotsf nf]stflGqs d"No / dfGotfnfO{
cjnDag u/L ;dfhjfbsf] cfwf/lgdf{0f ug{ k|lta4 /xFb}Ù
;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds zf;g Joj:yfsf] dfWodåf/f lbuf]
zflGt, ;'zf;g, ljsf; / ;d[l4sf]cfsf+Iff k"/f ug{ ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t
of] ;+ljwfg hf/L ePsf] 3f]if0ff ub{5f}+ .
7/24/2015
Devkota 24

cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] Joj:yf
xfdL ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf ;DkGg g]kfnL hgtfÙ
g]kfnL hgtfn] @))& ;fn klxn]b]lv xfn;Dd k6s k6s ub}{ cfPsf P]ltxfl;s ;+3if{ / hgcfGbf]ng dfk{mt
nf]stGq, zflGt / cu|udgsf kIfdf k|s6 ePsf] hgfb]zsf] ;Ddfg ub}{Ù
b]zdf ljBdfg juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, n}+lËs ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ /fHosf] cu|ufdL k'g;{+/rgf ug]{ ;ÍNk ub}{Ù
k|lt:kwf{Tds ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs zf;g Joj:yf, gful/s :jtGqtf, df}lns clwsf/, dfgjclwsf/, aflnu
dtflwsf/, cfjlws lgjf{rg, k"0f{ k|]; :jtGqtf, :jtGq Gofokflnsf tyf sfg"gL/fHosf] cjwf/0ff nufot
nf]stflGqs d"No / dfGotfk|ltsf] k"0f{ k|lta4tf JoQm ub}{Ù
g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfˆgf] nflu cfkm} ;+ljwfg agfpg kfpg] / eod'Qm jftfj/0fdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] :jtGq / lgikIf
lgjf{rgdf ;xefuL x'g kfpg] cfwf/e"t clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt ub}{Ù
nf]stGq, zflGt, ;d[l4, cu|ufdL cfly{s–;fdflhs kl/jt{g tyf b]zsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf,cv08tf, :jtGqtf /
:jfledfgnfO{ s]Gb|df /fVb}Ù
/fhtGqsf] ljlwjt cGTo u/L g]kfn Ps ;+3Lo, nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds /fHo ePsf] 3f]if0ff ub}{,cfh;Ddsf
qmflGt / cfGbf]ngaf6 k|fKt pknlAwx¿nfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 gofF ;+ljwfg gag];Ddsf] nflu
/fhg}lts ;xdltaf6 tof/ ePsf] of] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# hf/L ePsf] 3f]if0ff ub{5f}+ .
7/24/2015
Devkota 25

k|f/lDes efuk|
f
/
l
D
e
s
e
f
u
!
!= ;+ljwfg d"n sfg"gM -!_ of] ;+ljwfg g]kfnsf] d"n sfg"g xf] . o; ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemg]sfg"g aflemPsf] xb;Dd cdfGo x'g]5 .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfgsf] kfngf ug'{ / ;+ljwfgadf]lhdsf bfloTj k"/f ug'{ ;a}sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
@= ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;QfM -!_ g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf g]kfnL hgtfdflglxt /x]sf]5 .
-@_ g]kfnL hgtfn] g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qfsf] k|of]u of] ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ePadf]lhd ug]{5g .
#= /fi6«M ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s, ax';f+:s[lts ljz]iftfo'Qm, ;dfg cfsfªIff / g]kfnsf]/fli6«o :jtGqtf, cv08tf, /fli6«o lxt tyf
;d[l4k|lt cf:yfjfg /xL Pstfsf] ;"qdf cfa4 ;a} g]kfnL hgtf ;dli6 ¿kdf /fi6« xf] .
$= g]kfn /fHoM -!_ g]kfn :jtGq, cljefHo, ;fj{ef}d;Qf;DkGg, wd{lg/k]If, ;dfj]zL, nf]stGqfTds, ;dfhjfbpGd'v, u0ftGqfTds,
ax'hftLo /fHo xf] h;nfO{ ;+lIfKtdf g]kfn elgg]5 .
-@_ g]kfn leq cg';"rL–! adf]lhdsf k|b]zx¿ /xg]5g .
-#_ g]kfnsf] If]q b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-s_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avtsf] If]q, /
-v_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 k|fKt x'g] If]q .
%= /fli6«o lxtM -!_ ;fj{ef}d;Qf, /fli6«o cv08tf / /fli6«o :jfwLgtfsf] /Iff, /fi6«sf] :jtGqtf, /fli6«o Pstf, ;a} g]kfnLsf] xs, lxt /
:jfledfgsf] ;+/If0f, /fli6«o Pstf,;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts ;fd~h:otf, ;dfg'kflts / ;dfj]zL ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs ;‹Lou0ftGqfTds
/fhgLlts Joj:yf cfly{s ;d'Gglt / ;Dj[l4, ljleGg hft hflt, wd{, ju{ / ;d"xsf aLrdf ;fdflhs ;befj sfod /fvL lje]b/lxt,
;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf]lgdf{0f ug{', g]kfnL >d / k'FhLsf] ;+/If0f, vfB ;'/Iff, pmhf{ ;'/Iff / :jR5 kfgLsf] ;+/If0f ug{'g]kfnsf] /fli6«o lxtsf
cfwf/e"t ljifox¿ x'g]5g .
-@_ g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / cv08tfdf jf ljleGg hfthflt, wd{ jf ;Dk|bfox¿sfjLrsf] ;';DaGwdf vnn kg]{, b]zsf] uf]Ko tyf;+j]bgzLn
;"rgfx¿ cglws[t JolQmjf ;+:yfnfO{ r'xfj6 ug]{ /fi6« lxt k|lts"nsf] sfo{ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 .
-#_ /fli6«o lxt / dof{bf ljk/Lt ul/g] s"6gLlts cfr/0f / sfo{x¿ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 .}
^= /fi6«efiffM g]kfndf af]lng] ;a} dft[efiffx? g]kfnsf /fi6«efiff x'g .
&= ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiffM -!_ g]kfndf ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiff ax'eflifs gLlt cg'?kx'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df plNnlvt dfGotfsf] cfwf/df ;‹Lo ;/sf/sf] ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf]efiff b]jgfu/L lnlkdf g]kfnL efiff x'g] 5 /;+ljwfgsf]
wf/f === adf]lhdsf] efiff cfof]un] ;"rLs[t u/]sf cGo g]kfnL efiffx?n] klg ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiffsf]?kdf dfGotf kfpg] 5g .
-#_ ;‹Lo ;/sf/sf] ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiff / k|b]z;efn] sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f u/] adf]hd k|b]z leq af]lng] Ps jf PseGbf a9L /fi6«efiff
k|b]z ;/sf/sf] ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf]efiff x'g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -@_ df plNnlvt efiffsf cltl/Qm k|b]z;efn] sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f u/] adf]hdsf] cGo efiff :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] ;/sf/L
sfdsfhsf] efiff x'g]5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -!_, -@_ / -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|fKt ug{ cfkmgf] dft[efiffsf] k|of]udf s;}nfO{ afwf k'–ofPsf]
dflgg] 5}g .
:ki6Ls/0fM o; pkwf/f adf]lhd dft[efiffdf k|fKt lnvt, sfuhft OToflb ;DalGwtlgsfon] ;‹Lo ;/sf/sf] ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiffdf
cg'jfb u/L /fVg]5 .
*= ;‹Lo ;/sf/ / k|b]z ;/sf/ tyf k|b]z ;/sf/x? aLrsf] ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiffM -!_ ;‹Lo ;/sf/ / k|b]z ;/sf/aLrsf] ;/sf/L
sfdsfhsf] efiff ;‹Lo ;/sf/sf] ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiff x'g]5 . t/, k|b]z cfkmgf] k|b]zleq ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiffsf] ?kdf tf]s]sf]
efiffdWo] s'g} Psefiffdf ;‹Lo ;/sf/;Fu ;/sf/L sfdsfh ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ k|b]z ;/sf/x? aLr ;‹Lo ;/sf/sf] ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiff / cfk;L ;xdltsfcfwf/df lgwf{/0f ePsf] cGo s'g} efiff ;/sf/L
sfdsfhsf] efiff x'g ;Sg]5 .
(= cbfntL sfd sf/jfxL tyf cflwsfl/s lnvtsf] efiffM -!_ cbfntL sfd sf/jfxLsf] efiff ;‹Lo ;/sf/sf] ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiff
!= ;+ljwfg d"n sfg'g M -!_ of] ;+ljwfg g]kfnsf] d"n sfg'g xf] . o;
;+ljwfg;Fu aflemg] sfg'g aflemPsf] xb;Dd cdfGo x'g]5 .
-@_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] kfngf ug'{ k|To]s JolQmsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
@= ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf M g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf
g]kfnL hgtfdf lglxt /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] k|of]u o; ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf eP
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
#= /fi6« M ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s, ax';f+:s[lts ljz]iftfo'Qm,
ef}uf]lns ljljwtfdf /x]sf ;dfg cfsf+Iff / g]kfnsf] /fli6«o :jtGqtf,
cv08tf, /fli6«o lxt tyf ;d[l4k|lt cf:yfjfg/xL Pstfsf] ;"qdf cfa4
;a} g]kfnL hgtf ;dli6df /fi6« xf] .
$= g]kfn /fHo M -!_ g]kfn :jtGq, cljefHo,;fj{ef}d;Qf;DkGg,
wd{lg/k]If, ;dfj]zLnf]stGqfTds, ;dfhjfb pGd'v,u0ftGqfTds,
ax'hftLo /fHo xf], h;nfO{ ;+If]kdf g]kfn elgg]5 .
-@_ g]kfnsf] If]q b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M–
%= /fli6«o lxt M -!_ ;fj{ef}d;Qf, /fli6«o cv08tf, :jfwLgtf, :jtGqtf,
Pstf, g]kfnLsf] xs Pj+:jfledfgsf] /Iff, ;Ldfgfsf] ;'/Iff, cfly{s
;d'Gglt / ;d[l4 g]kfnsf] /fli6«o lxtsf cfwf/e"t
ljifox¿ x'g]5g .
-@_ /fi6« lxt k|lts"nsf] cfr/0f / sfo{ sfg'g adf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 .
^= /fi6«efiff M g]kfndf af]lng] ;a} dft[efiffx? /fi6«efiff x'g .
&= ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiff M -!_ b]jgfu/L lnlkdf n]lvg] g]kfnL efiff
g]kfnsf] ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiff x'g]5 .
-@_ g]kfnL efiffsf] cltl/Qm k|b]zn] cfkmgf] k|b]zleq ax';+Vos hgtfn]
af]Ng] Ps jf PseGbf a9L cGo /fi6«efiffnfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd k|b]zsf]
;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiff lgwf{/0f ug{
;Sg]5 .
*= /fli6«o em08f M -!_ l;ld|s /+usf] e'OF / uf9f gLnf] /+usf] lsgf/f
ePsf] b'O{ lqsf]0f clnslt hf]l/Psf], dflyNnf] efudf v'k]{ rGb|sf] aLrdf
;f]x|df cf7 sf]0f b]lvg] ;]tf] cfsf/ / tNnf]
efudf afx| sf]0fo'Qm ;"o{sf] ;]tf] cfsf/ c+lst ePsf] em08f g]kfnsf]
/fli6«o em08f xf] .
-@_ g]kfnsf] /fli6«o em08f agfpg] t/Lsf / tT;DaGwL cGo ljj/0f
cg';"rL–! dfpNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
(= /fli6«o ufg OToflb M -!_ g]kfnsf] /fli6«o ufg cg';"rL–@ df pNn]v
eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ g]kfnsf] lgzfg 5fk cg';"rL–# df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5
7/24/2015
Devkota 26

!= ;+l+ljwfg d"n"n sfg"gM -!_ of] ;+ljwfg g]kfnsf] d"n sfg"g xf] . o; ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemg] sfg"g aflemPsf] xb;Dd cdfGo x'g]5 .
 -@_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] kfngf ug'{ k|To]s JolQmsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
@= ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;QfM g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf g]kfnL hgtfdf lglxt/xg]5 .
#= /fi6«M ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s, ax';f+:s[lts ljz]iftfo'Qm, ;dfg cfsfªIff / g]kfnsf] /fli6«o :jtGqtf, cv08tf, /fli6«o
lxt tyf ;d[l4k|lt cf:yfjfg /xL Pstfsf] ;"qdf cfa4 ;a} g]kfnL hgtf ;dli6 ¿kdf /fi6« xf] .
$=g]kfn /fHoM-!_ g]kfn Ps :jtGq, cljefHo, ;fj{ef}d;Qf;DkGg, wd{lg/k]If, ;dfj]zL ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs, u0ftGqfTds /fHo xf] .
-@_ g]kfnsf] If]q b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M–
%= /fi6« efiffM -!_ g]kfndf af]lng] ;a} dft[efiffx¿ /fi6« efiff x'g .
-@_ b]jgfu/L lnlkdf g]kfnL efiff ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiff x'g]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg :yfgLo lgsfo tyf sfof{nodf dft[efiff k|of]u ug{ s'g} jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg]
5}g . To;/L k|of]u ul/Psf] efiffnfO{ /fHon] ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiffdf ¿kfGt/ u/L clen]v /fVg]5 .
^= /fli6«o em08fM l;ld|s /Ësf] e'OF / uf9f gLnf] /Ësf] lsgf/f ePsf] b'O{ lqsf]0f clnslt hf]l/Psf], dflyNnf] efudf v'k]{ rGb|sf]
aLrdf ;f]x|df cf7 sf]0f b]lvg] ;]tf] cfsf/ / tNnf] efudf afx| sf]0fo'Qm ;"o{sf] ;]tf] cfsf/ clÍt ePsf], k/Dk/fut em08f
g]kfnsf] /fli6«o em08f xf] . ;f] em08f agfpg] tl/sf / tT;DaGwL c? ljj/0f cg';"rL–! df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
&= /fli6«o ufg OToflbM -!_ g]kfnsf] /fli6«o ufg / lgzfgf 5fk g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/]adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ g]kfnsf] /fli6«o k"mn nfnLu'/fF;, /fli6«o /Ë l;ld|s, /fli6«o hgfj/ ufO{ / /fli6«o k+IfL 8fFkm] x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 27

7/24/2015
Devkota 28
@%= ;Ddfgk"j{s af“Rg kfpg] xsM -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] xs x'g]5 . -@_ s;}nfO{ klg
d[To'b08sf] ;hfo x'g] u/L s'g} sfg"g agfOg] 5}g .
@^= :jtGqtfsf] xsM -!_ sfg"gadf]lhd afx]s s'g} klg JolQmsf] j}olQms :jtGqtf ckx/0fx'g] 5}g . -@_ k|To]s
gful/snfO{ b]xfosf] :jtGqtf x'g]5 M -s_ ljrf/ / cleJolQmsf] :jtGqtf, -v_ ljgf xftxltof/ zflGtk"j{s
e]nf x'g] :jtGqtf, -u_ ;‹ ;+:yf vf]Ng] :jtGqtf, -3_ /fhgLlts bn vf]Ng] :jtGqtf,-ª_ g]kfnsf] s'g} klg
efudfcfjthfjt / a;f]jf; ug]{ :jtGqtf,-r_ s'g} k]zf, /f]huf/, pBf]u, Jofkf/ / Joj;fo ug]{ :jtGqtf .
t/, -!_ v08 -s_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf, :jfwLgtf / cv08tfdf jf ;‹Lo
OsfOaLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf jf ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{, ;Dk|bfoaLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf vnn kg]{] jf hftLo e]befj
jf 5'jf5"tnfO{ b'?T;fxg ug]{ jf ufnL a]OHhtL, cbfntsf] cjx]ngf x'g] jf ck/fwsf] b'?T;fxg ug]{ jf
;fj{hlgs lzi6frf/, g}ltstf k|lts"n x'g] sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf]
dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ v08 -v_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf, :jfwLgtf / cv08tfdf jf ;‹Lo OsfOaLrsf]
;'–;DaGwdf jf ;fj{hlgs zflGt / Joj:yfdf vnn kg]{ sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s
nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-#_ v08 -u_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf, :jfwLgtf / cv08tfdf vnn kg]{ jf /fi6«sf]
lj?4 hf;';L ug]{ jf /fli6«o uf]Kotf eË ug]{ jf g]kfnsf] afXo ;'/Iffdf cfFr k'¥ofpg] u/L s'g} ljb]zL /fHo,
;Ë7g jf k|ltlglwnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ jf /fHob|f]x ug]{ jf ;‹Lo OsfOaLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf vnn kg]{ jf hftLo jf
;fDk|bflos ljå]if km}nfpg] jf ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{ / ;Dk|bfoaLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf vnn kg]{
jf lx+;fTds sfo{ ug{ b'?T;fxg ug]{ jf ;fj{hlgs g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g] sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg]
u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-$_ v08 -3_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf, :jfwLgtf / cv08tfdf vnn kg]{ jf /fi6«sf]
lj?4 hf;';L ug]{ jf /fli6«o uf]Kotf eË ug]{ jf g]kfnsf] afXo ;'/Iffdf cfFr k'¥ofpg] u/L s'g} ljb]zL /fHo,
;Ë7g jf k|ltlglwnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ jf /fHob|f]x ug]{ jf ;‹Lo OsfOaLrsf] ;';DaGwdf vnn kg]{ jf hftLo jf
;fDk|bflos ljå]if km}nfpg] jf ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{ / ;Dk|bfoaLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf vnn kg]{ jf hflt, efiff,
wd{, ;Dk|bfo jf lnËsf] cfwf/df s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:otf k|fKt ug{ gful/snfO{ hftLo, eflifs, wfld{s,
;fDk|bflos jf n}lËs cfwf/df aGb]h nufpg] jf gful/sx¿aLr lje]b ug]{ u/L /fhgLlts bn u7g ug{ jf
lx+;fTds sfo{ ug{ b'?T;fxg ug]{ jf ;fj{hlgs g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g] sfo{d{ f dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L
P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-%_ v08 -ª_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] lxtdf jf ;‹Lo OsfOaLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf jf ljleGg hft,
hflt, wd{ jf ;Dk|bfox¿sf aLrsf] ;DaGwdf vnn kg]{ jf lx+;fTds sfo{ jf ck/fw ug]{ tyf To;sf]
b'?T;fxg ug]{ sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-^_ v08 -r_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] ;‹Lo OsfOaLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf vnn k'¥ofpg] sfo{ jf ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf]
;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo, lzi6frf/ jf g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g] sfo{df /f]s nufpg] jf s'g} vf; pBf]u, Jofkf/ jf
;]jf /fHon] dfq ;~rfng ug{ kfpg] jf s'g} pBf]u, Jofkf/, k]zf, /f]huf/ jf Joj;fo ug{sf nflu s'g} zt{ jf
of]Uotf tf]Sg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
@!= ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] xs M -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-@_ s;}nfO{ klg d[To'b08sf] ;hfo lbg] u/L sfg'g agfOg] 5}g .
@@= :jtGqtfsf] xs M -!_ sfg'g adf]lhd afx]s s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ j}olQms :jtGqtfaf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ b]xfosf] :jtGqtf x'g]5 M– -s_ ljrf/ / cleJolQmsf] :jtGqtf,-v_ ljgf xftxltof/
zflGtk"j{s e]nf x'g] :jtGqtf, -u_ /fhgLlts bn vf]Ng] :jtGqtf, -3_ ;+3 / ;+:yf vf]Ng] :jtGqtf, -ª_ g]kfnsf]
s'g} klg efudf cfjthfjt / a;f]af; ug]{ :jtGqtf,-r_ s'g} k]zf, /f]huf/, pBf]u, Jofkf/ / Joj;fo ug]{
:jtGqtf .
t/,-!_ v08 -s_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf, :jfwLgtf / cv08tfdf jf ;+3Lo OsfO jf
ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{,;Dk|bfoaLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf vnn kg]{], hftLo e]befj jf 5'jf5"tnfO{ b'?T;fxg ug]{,
>dk|lt cjx]ngf ug]{, ufnL a]OHhtL,cbfntsf] cjx]ngf x'g], ck/fw ug{ b'?T;fxg ug]{ jf ;fj{hlgs lzi6frf/ jf
g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g] sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ v08 -v_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf, :jfwLgtf / cv08tf, ;+3Lo OsfOaLrsf] ;'–;DaGw
jf;fj{hlgs zflGt /Joj:yfdf vnn kg]{ sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg]
5}g .
-#_ v08 -u_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf / cv08tfdf vnn kg]{, /fi6«sf] lj?4 hf;";L ug]{,
/fli6«o uf]kgLotf eË ug]{ jf g]kfnsf] ;'/Iffdf cfFr k'¥ofpg] u/L s'g} ljb]zL /fHo,;+u7g jf k|ltlglwnfO{ ;xof]u
ug]{ jf /fHob|f]x ug]{ jf ;+3Lo OsfOaLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf vnn kg]{ jf hftLo jf ;fDk|bflos ljå]if km}nfpg] jf
ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{ / ;Dk|bfoaLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdfvnn kg]{ jf s]jn hflt, efiff, wd{, ;Dk|bfo jf lnËsf]
cfwf/df s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:otf k|fKt ug{] jf aGb]h nufpg] jf gful/sx¿aLr lje]b ug]{ u/L /fhgLlts
bn u7g ug{], lx+;fTdssfo{ ug{ b'?T;fxg ug]{ jf ;fj{hlgs g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g] sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw
nufpg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-$_ v08 -3_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf / cv08tfdf vnn kg]{, /fi6«sf] lj?4 hf;";L ug]{,
/fli6«o uf]kgLotf eË ug]{ jf g]kfnsf] ;'/Iffdf cfFr k'¥ofpg] u/L s'g} ljb]zL /fHo,;+u7g jf k|ltlglwnfO{ ;xof]u
ug]{, /fHob|f]x ug]{ jf ;+3Lo OsfOaLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf vnn kg]{ jf hftLo jf ;fDk|bflos ljå]if km}nfpg] jf
ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{ / ;Dk|bfoaLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdfvnn kg]{ jf lx+;fTds sfo{ ug{ b'?T;fxg ug]{ jf ;fj{hlgs
g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g] sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpFg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-%_ v08 -ª_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] lxtdf vnn kg]{ jf ;+3Lo OsfOaLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf vnn kg]{
jf ljleGg hft, hflt,wd{ jf ;Dk|bfox¿sf aLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf vnn kg]{ jf lx+;fTds sfo{ jf ck/fw ug]{ tyf
;f] sf] b'?T;fxg ug]{ sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-^_ v08 -r_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] ;+3Lo OsfOaLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf vnn k'¥ofpg] sfo{ jf ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf]
;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo, lzi6frf/ jf }ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g] sfo{df /f]s nufpg] jf s'g} vf; pBf]u,Jofkf/ jf ;]jf
/fHon] dfq ;~rfng ug{ kfpg] jf s'g} pBf]u,Jofkf/, k]zf, /f]huf/ jf Joj;fo ug{sf nflu s'g} zt{ jf of]Uotf
tf]Sg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}

!@= :jtGqtfsf] xsM -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] xs x'g]5, d[To'b08sf] ;hfo x'g] u/L s'g} sfg"g agfOg] 5}g .
-@_ sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s'g} klg JolQmsf] j}olQms :jtGqtf ckx/0f x'g] 5}g .
-#_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ b]xfosf] :jtGqtf x'g]5M–-s_ ljrf/ / cleJolQmsf] :jtGqtf,-v_ lagf xftxltof/ zflGtk"j{s e]nf x'g]
:jtGqtf, -u_ /fhg}lts bn vf]Ng] :jtGqtf, -3_ ;+3 / ;+:yf vf]Ng] :jtGqtf, -ª_ g]kfnsf] s'g} klg efudf cfjthfjt /
a;f]jf; ug]{ :jtGqtf, -r_ s'g} k]zf, /f]huf/, pBf]u / Jofkf/ ug]{ :jtGqtf . t/, -!_ v08 -s_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf]
;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf jf ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{ jf ;Dk|bfox¿sf aLrsf] ;';DaGwdf vnn kg]{ jf ufnL j]OHhtL jf cbfntsf]
cjx]ngf x'g] jf ck/fw ug{ b'?T;fxg lbg] jf ;fj{hlgs lzi6frf/ jf g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g] sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg]
u/L sfg"g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ v08 -v_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf jf ;fj{hlgs zflGt / Joj:yfdf vnn kg]{ sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw
nufpg] u/L sfg"g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-#_ v08 -u_ / -3_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf jf ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{ jf ;Dk|bfox¿sf aLrsf];';DaGwdf
vnn kg]{ jf lx+;fTds sfo{ ug{ b'?T;flxt ug]{ jf ;fj{hlgs g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g] sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L sfg"g
agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-$_ v08 -ª_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] lxt jf ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{ jf ;Dk|bfox¿sf aLrsf] ;';DaGwdf vnn kg]{
sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L sfg"g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-%_ v08 -r_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo jf g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g] sfo{df /f]s nufpg] jf s'g} vf;
pBf]u, Jofkf/ jf ;]jf /fHon] dfq ;~rfng ug]{ jf s'g} pBf]u, Jofkf/, k]zf jf /f]huf/ ug{sf] nflu s'g} zt{ jf of]Uotf tf]Sg]
u/L sfg"g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
7/24/2015
Devkota 29

df}lns xs
@&= ;dfgtfsf] xsM -!_ ;a} gful/s sfg"gsf] b[li6df ;dfg
x'g]5g . s;}nfO{ klg sfg"gsf]
;dfg ;+/If0f / nfeaf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ ;fdfGo sfg"gsf] k|of]udf s'g} klg gful/sdfly wd{, j0f{,
hft, hflt, lnË, pTklQ, efiff jf If]q, j}rfl/s cf:yf jf
o:t} cGo s'g} cfwf/df e]befj ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ /fHon] gful/sx¿sf aLr wd{, j0f{, hft, hflt, lnË,
of}lgs cled'vLs/0f, zf/Ll/s
cj:yf, ckfËtf, :jf:Yol:ylt, j}jflxsl:ylt, uef{j:yf,
cfly{s cj:yf, pTklQ,
efiff jf If]q, j}rfl/s cf:yf jf o:t} cGo s'g} cfwf/df
e]befj ug]{ 5}g .
t/, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts jf z}lIfs, b[li6n] lk5l8Psf
dlxnf, blnt,cflbjf;L, hghflt, dw]zL, ls;fg, dhb'/,
pTkLl8tIf]q, d'l:nd, lk58f ju{,cNk;+Vos, ;LdfGts[t,
nf]kf]Gd'v ;d'bfo jf ljkGg ju{, o'jf, afnaflnsf,
Ho]i7gful/s, n}lËs tyf of}lgs cNk;+Vos, ckfËtf ePsf
JolQm, czQm jf c;xfogful/ssf] ;+/If0f, ;zlQms/0f jf
ljsf;sf] nflu sfg"gåf/f ljz]if Joj:yf ug{ /f]s
:ki6Ls/0fM o; efu tyf efu $ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu æljkGg
ju{Æ eGgfn] u/LaLsf]/]vfeGbf d'lgsf gful/sx¿nfO{ hgfpF5
.
@#= ;dfgtfsf] xs M -!_ ;a} gful/s sfg'gsf] b[li6df ;dfg
x'g]5g . s;}nfO{ klg sfg'gsf] ;dfg;+/If0f / nfeaf6 jl~rt
ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ ;fdfGo sfg'gsf] k|of]udf wd{, j0f{, hft, hflt, lnË, of}lgs
cled'vLs/0f,zf/Ll/s cj:yf, ckfËtf, :jf:Yo l:ylt, j}jflxs
l:ylt, uef{j:yf, cfly{s cj:yf, pTklQ,efiff jf If]q, j}rfl/s
cf:yf jf o:t} cGo s'g} cfwf/df e]befj ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ /fHon] gful/sx¿sf aLr wd{, j0f{, hft, hflt, lnË, of}lgs
cled'vLs/0f,zf/Ll/s cj:yf, ckfËtf, :jf:Yo l:ylt, j}jflxs
l:ylt, uef{j:yf, cfly{s cj:yf, pTklQ,efiff jf If]q, j}rfl/s
cf:yf jf o:t} cGo s'g} cfwf/df e]befj ug]{ 5}g .
t/ cfly{s ?kn] ljkGg, ;fdflhs jf ;f+:s[lts b[li6n] lk5l8Psf
dlxnf, blnt,cflbjf;L, cflbjf;L hghflt, v; cfo{, dw]zL, yf?,
ls;fg, dhb"/, pTkLl8t ju{, d'l:nd,lk58f ju{, cNk;+Vos,
;LdfGtLs[t, nf]kf]Gd'v ;d'bfo, o'jf, afnaflnsf, Ho]i7 gful/s,
n}lËstyf of}lgs cNk;+Vos, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, czQm jf
c;xfo / lk5l8Psf] If]qsf]gful/ssf] ;+/If0f, ;zQmLs/0f jf
ljsf;sf] nflu sfg'g adf]lhd ljz]if Joj:yf ug{ /f]snufPsf]
dflgg] 5}g .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; efu / efu $ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu æcfly{s ?kn]
ljkGgÆ eGgfn] ul/aLsf]/]vfeGbf d'lg /x]sf gful/s ;Demg' k5{ .
-$_ ;dfg sfdsf nflu n}lËs cfwf/df kfl/>lds tyf ;fdflhs
;'/Iffdf s'g}e]befj ul/g] 5}g .7/24/2015
Devkota 30

!#= ;dfgtfsf] xs M -!_ ;a} gful/s sfg"gsf] b[li6df ;dfg x'g]5g . s;}nfO{ klg sfg"gsf] ;dfg
;+/If0faf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ ;fdfGo sfg"gsf] k|of]udf s'g} klg gful/sdfly wd{, j0f{, lnË, hft, hflt,pTklQ, efiff jf j}rfl/s
cf:yf jf tL dWo] s'g} s'/fsf] cfwf/df e]befj ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ /fHon] gful/sx¿sf aLr wd{, j0f{, hft, hflt, lnË, pTklQ, efiff jf j}rfl/s cf:yf jf tL dWo]
s'g} s'/fsf] cfwf/df e]befj ug]{ 5}g .
 t/ dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL jf ls;fg, dhb'/ jf cfly{s,;fdflhs jf ;f+:s[lts
b[li6n] lk5l8Psf] ju{ jf afns, j[4 tyf ckfË jf zf/Ll/s jfdfgl;s ¿kn] czQm JolQmsf] ;+/If0f,
;zlQms/0f jf ljsf;sf] nflu sfg"gåf/f ljz]ifJoj:yf ug{ /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-$_ ;dfg sfdsf nflu dlxnf / k'?ifsf aLr kfl/>lds tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf e]befj ul/g] 5}g .
7/24/2015
Devkota 31

df}lns xsc ##= 5'jf5"t tyf e]befj lj?4sf] xsM -!_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{
hft, hflt, pTklQ, ;d'bfo,k]zf jf zf/Ll/s cj:yfsf cfwf/df
s'g}klg :yfgdf s'g} k|sf/sf] 5'jf5"t jf e]befj ul/g]5}g .
-@_ s'g} j:t', ;]jf jf ;'ljwf pTkfbg jf ljt/0f ubf{ To:tf] j:t',
;]jf jf ;'ljwf s'g} vf; hft, hfltsf] JolQmnfO{ v/Lb jf k|fKt
ug{af6 /f]s nufpg jf To:tf] j:t',;]jf jf ;'ljwf s'g} vf;
hft, hfltsf] JolQmnfO{ dfq laqmL ljt/0f jf k|bfg ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ s'g} hft, hflt, pTklQ jf zf/Ll/s cj:yfsf JolQm jf
;d'bfonfO{ pr jf gLr bzf{pg], hft, hflt jf 5'jf5"tsf
cfwf/df ;fdflhs lje]bnfO{ Gofof]lrt 7x/fpg] jf 5'jf5"t tyf
hftLo pRrtf jf 3[0ffdf cfwfl/t ljrf/sf] k|rf/–k|;f/ ug]{ jf
hftLo lje]bnfO{ s'g} klg lsl;dn] k|f]T;fxg ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-$_ hftLo cfwf/df 5'jf5"t u/L jf gu/L tyf s'g} JolQmnfO{
lghsf] OR5f ljk/Lt sfddf
nufpg jf sfo{:yndf s'g} k|sf/sf] lje]b ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-%_ 5'jf5"t tyf e]befjhGo ;a} k|sf/sf sfo{ ;fdflhs
ck/fwsf] ?kdf k|rlntsfg"gadf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5g / To:tf]
sfo{af6 kLl8t JolQmnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhdIfltk"lt{ kfpg] xs
x'g]5 .
@(= 5'jf5"t tyf e]befj lj?4sf] xs M -!_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ hft,
hflt, pTklQ, ;d'bfo, k]zf jfzf/Ll/s cj:yfsf cfwf/df s'g} klg
lghL tyf ;fj{hlgs :yfgdf s'g} k|sf/sf] 5'jf5"t jf
e]befj ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ s'g} j:t', ;]jf jf ;'ljwf pTkfbg jf ljt/0f ubf{ To:tf] j:t', ;]jf
jf ;'ljwf s'g}vf; hft jf hfltsf] JolQmnfO{ v/Lb jf k|fKt ug{af6
/f]s nufOg] jf To:tf] j:t', ;]jf jf;'ljwf s'g} vf; hft jf hfltsf]
JolQmnfO{ dfq laqmL ljt/0f jf k|bfg ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ s'g} hft, hflt, pTklQ jf zf/Ll/s cj:yfsf cfwf/df JolQm jf
;d'bfonfO{ pRr jf gLr bzf{pg], hft, hflt jf 5'jf5"tsf cfwf/df
;fdflhs e]befjnfO{ Gofof]lrt 7fGg] jf5'jf5"t tyf hftLo pRrtf jf
3[0ffdf cfwfl/t ljrf/sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ jf hftLo lje]bnfO{ s'g} klg
lsl;dn] k|f]T;fxg ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-$_ hftLo cfwf/df 5'jf5"t u/L jf gu/L sfo{:yndf s'g} k|sf/sf]
e]befj ug{ kfOg]5}g .
-%_ o; wf/f k|lts"n x'g] u/L ;a} k|sf/sf 5'jf5"t tyf e]befjhGo
sfo{ uDeL/;fdflhs ck/fwsf] ?kdf sfg'g adf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5g /
To:tf] sfo{af6 kLl8t JolQmnfO{sfg'g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs
x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 32

!$= 5'jf5't tyf hflto e]befj lj?4sf] xsM -!_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ hft, j+z, ;d'bfo jf k]zfsf
cfwf/df s'g} lsl;dsf] 5'jf5't tyf hflto e]befj ul/g] 5}g . o:tf] e]befjk"0f{ Jojxf/ b08gLo x'g]5
/ kLl8t JolQmn] sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhdsf] Ifltk"lt{ kfpg]5 .
-@_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ hft hfltsf] cfwf/df ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf /x]sf ;]jf, ;'ljwf jf pkof]usf
s'/fx¿ k|of]u ug{af6 jf ;fj{hlgs :yn jf ;fj{hlgs wfld{s :yndfk|j]z ug{ jf wfld{s sfo{ ug{af6
jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ s'g} j:t', ;]jf jf ;'ljwf pTkfbg jf ljt/0f ubf{ To:tf] ;]jf, ;'ljwf jf j:t' s'g} vf; hft,
hfltsf] olQmnfO{ vl/b jf k|fKt ug{af6 /f]s nufpg jf To:tf] j:t',;]jf jf ;'ljwf s'g} vf; hft,
hfltsf] JolQmnfO{ dfq laqmL ljt/0f ul/g] 5}g .
-$_ s'g} hft, hflt jf pTklQsf JolQm jf JolQmx¿sf] ;d"xsf] pr gLr bzf{pg], hft, hfltsf]
cfwf/df ;fdflhs lje]bnfO{ Gofof]lrt 7x/fpg] jf hflto ;jf{]Rrtf jf 3[0ffdf cfwfl/t ljrf/sf] k|rf/
k|;f/ ug{] jf hflto lje]bnfO{ s'g} klg lsl;dn] k|f]T;fxg ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-%_ pkwf/f -@_, -#_ / -$_ ljk/Ltsf] sfo{ sfg"g adf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 33

df}lns xs@*= cfd;~rf/ ;DaGwL xsM -!_ ljB'tLo k|sfzg, k|;f/0f tyf
5fkf nufotsf cGoh'g;'s}dfWodaf6 s'g} ;dfrf/, ;DkfbsLo,
n]v, /rgf jf cGo s'g} kf7o, >Jo, >Job[Zo;fdu|Lsf] k|sfzg
tyf k|;f/0f ug{ jf ;"rgf k|jfx ug{ jf 5fKg k"j{k|ltaGw nufOg]
5}g . t/, g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf jf :jfwLgtf jf
cv08tf jf ;‹Lo OsfOaLrsf];'–;DaGwdf vnn kg]{ jf ljleGg
hft, hflt jf ;Dk|bfo aLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf vnnkg]{, /fHob|f]x,
em"6f] ;fdu|Lk|sfzg jf k|;f/0fåf/f JolQmsf] ;fdflhs dof{bfdf
cfFrk'¥ofpg] jf cbfntsf] cjx]ngf x'g] jf ck/fw ug{ b'?T;fxg
ug]{ jf;fj{hlgslzi6frf/, g}ltstf k|lts"n / 5'jf5"t Pj+ hftLo
tyf n}lËs e]befjnfO{ b'?T;fxgug]{ sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw
nufpg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ s'g} >Jo, >Job[Zo jf ljB'tLo pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6 s'g}
;fdu|Lsf] k|sfzg tyfk|;f/0f u/] jf 5fk] afkt To:tf]
;fdu|Lk|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f ug]{ jf 5fKg], /]l8of],6]lnlehg, cgnfOg
jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] l8lh6n jf ljB'tLo, 5fkf jf cGo;~rf/
dfWodnfO{ aGb, hkmt jf btf{ vf/]h ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ s'g} ;dfrf/ n]v, ;DkfbsLo, /rgf, ;"rgf jf cGo s'g} ;fdu|L
d'b|0f jf k|sfzg u/]afkt s'g} ;dfrf/kq, klqsf jf 5fkfvfgf
aGb, hkmt jf btf{ vf/]h ul/g] 5}g .
To:tf] sfo{ sfg"gadf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 / To:tf] sfo{af6 kLl8t
JolQmnfO{ plrtIfltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-$_ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd afx]s s'g} 5fkf, ljB'tLo k|;f/0f tyf
6]lnkmf]g nufotsf;~rf/ ;fwgnfO{ cj?4 ul/g] 5}g .
@$= cfd ;~rf/sf] xs M -!_ ljB'tLo k|sfzg, k|;f/0f tyf 5fkf
nufotsf h'g;'s} dfWodaf6 s'g};dfrf/, ;DkfbsLo, n]v, /rgf jf
cGo s'g} kf7o, >Jo, >Job[Zo ;fdu|Lsf] k|sfzg tyfk|;f/0f ug{ jf
;"rgf k|jfx ug{ jf 5fKg k"j{ k|ltaGw nufOg] 5}g .
t/ g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf jf ;+3Lo OsfOaLrsf]
;'–;DaGwdfvnn kg]{ jf ljleGg hft, hflt jf ;Dk|bfo aLrsf] ;'–
;DaGwdf vnn kg]{, /fHob|f]x, em"6f];fdu|L k|sfzg jf k|;f/0fåf/f
JolQmsf] ;fdflhs dof{bfdf cfFr k'¥ofpg] jf cbfntsf]cjx]ngf x'g]
jf ck/fw ug{ b'?T;fxg ug]{ jf ;fj{hlgs lzi6frf/, g}ltstfsf]
k|lts"n sfo{ug{], >dk|lt cjx]ngf ug{] / hftLo 5'jf5"t Pj+ n}lËs
e]befjnfO{ b'?T;fxg ug]{ sfo{dfdgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L sfg'g
agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ s'g} >Jo, >Job[Zo jf ljB'tLo pks/0fsf dfWod jf
5fkfvfgfaf6 s'g} ;dfrf/,n]v;DkfbsLo, /rgf, ;"rgf jf cGo s'g}
;fdu|L d'b|0f jf k|sfzg, k|;f/0f u/] jf 5fk] afktTo:tf] ;fdu|L
k|sfzg, k|;f/0f ug]{ jf 5fKg] /]l8of], 6]lnlehg, cgnfOg jf cGo
s'g} lsl;dsf]l8lh6n jf ljB'tLo pks/0f, 5fkf jf cGo ;~rf/
dfWodnfO{ aGb, hkmt jf btf{ vf/]h jfTo:tf] ;fdu|L hkmt ul/g]
5}g . t/ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] /]l8of],6]lnlehg,
cgnfOg jf cGo s'g}lsl;dsf] l8lh6n jf ljB'tLo pks/0f,
5fkfvfgf jf cGo ;~rf/ dfWodsf] lgodg ug{ sfg'gagfpg aGb]h
-#_ sfg'g adf]lhd afx]s s'g} 5fkf, ljB'tLok|;f/0f tyf 6]lnkmf]g
nufotsf ;~rf/;fwgnfO{ cj?4 ul/g] 5}g .
7/24/2015
Devkota 34

!%= k|sfzg, k|;f/0f tyf 5fkfvfgf ;DaGwL xsM -!_ ljB'tLo k|sfzg, k|;f/0f tyf 5fkfnufotsf cGo h'g;'s}
dfWodaf6 s'g} ;dfrf/, ;DkfbsLo, n]v, /rgf jf cGo s'g} kf7o,>Jo b[io ;fdu|Lsf] k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f ug{ jf
5fKg k"j{ k|ltaGw nufOg] 5}g .
 t/ g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf jf cv08tf jf ljleGg hft, hflt jf ;Dk|bfo aLrsf;';DaGwdf vnn kg]{, /fHob|f]x,
ufnL a]OHhtL jf cbfntsf] cjx]ngf x'g] jf ck/fw ug{b'?T;fxg ug]{ jf ;fj{hlgs lzi6frf/ jf g}ltstf k|lts"n
x'g] sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGwnufpg] u/L sfg"g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ s'g} >Jo, >Jo b[io jf ljB'tLo pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6 s'g} ;fdu|Lsf] k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f u/] jf 5fk] jfkt
To:tf] ;fdu|L k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f ug]{ jf 5fKg]/]l8of], 6]lnlehg, cgnfOg jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] l8lh6n jf
ljB'tLo, 5fkf jf cGo ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ aGb, hkmt jf btf{ vf/]h ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ s'g} ;dfrf/ n]v, ;DkfbsLo, /rgf jf cGo s'g} kf7o ;fdu|L d'b|0f jf k|sfzg u/] jfkt s'g} ;dfrf/kq,
klqsf jf 5fkfvfgf aGb, hkmt jf btf{ vf/]h ul/g] 5}g .
-$_ sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s'g} 5fkf, ljB'tLo k|;f/0f tyf 6]lnkmf]g nufotsf;~rf/ ;fwgnfO{ cj?4 ug{ ;lsg]
5}g .
7/24/2015
Devkota 35

df}lns xs
#(= jftfj/0f ;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ :j:y,
:jR5 / lbuf] jftfj/0fdf afFRg kfpg]xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsfb'ik|efjaf6
;'/lIft /xg kfpg] cg's"ngsf] xsx'g]5 .
-#_ jftfj/0fLo k|b"if0f jf ¥xf;af6 x'g] Ifltafkt
kLl8tnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd Ifltk"lt{kfpg] xs
x'g]5 .
$$= :jf:Yo ;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{
lgMz'Ns cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] xs x'g]5 / s;}nfO{
klg cfsl:ds :jf:Yo ;]jfaf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ k|hgg :jf:Yosf] xs x'g]5 .
-#_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ ;"lrt :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] xs x'g]5 .
-$_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfg kx'Frsf]
xs x'g]5 .
-%_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ :jR5 vfg]kfgL tyf
;/;kmfOdf kx'Frsf] xs x'g]5 .
#%= :jR5 jftfj/0fsf] xs M -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ :j:y /
:jR5 jftfj/0fdf afFRg kfpg] xsx'g]5 .
-@_ jftfj/0fLo k|b"if0f jf x|f;af6 x'g] Ifltafkt kLl8tnfO{
k|b"ifsaf6 sfg'g adf]lhdIfltk"lt{ k|fKt ug{] xs x'g]5 .
-#_ /fi6«sf] ljsf; ;DaGwL sfo{ ug{] k|of]hgsf] nflu jftfj/0f /
ljsf;aLr ;d'lrt;Gt'ngsf] nflu cfjZos sfg'gL Joj:yf ug{
o; wf/fn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
$)= :jf:Yo ;DaGwL xs M -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfwf/e"t
:jf:Yo ;]jf lgMz'Ns k|fKt ug{] xsx'g]5 / s;}nfO{ klg
cfsl:ds :jf:Yo ;]jfaf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ cfkmgf] :jf:Yo pkrf/sf] ;DaGwdfhfgsf/L
kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-#_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfg kx'Frsf] xs x'g]5 .
-$_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ :jR5 vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfOdf kx'Frsf]
xs x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 36

 !^= jftfj/0f tyf :jf:Yo ;DaGwL xs M
 -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ :jR5 jftfj/0fdf afFRg] xs x'g]5 .
 -@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ /fHoaf6 sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd
cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jf lgMz'Ns ¿kdf kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 37

df}lns xsc $)= lzIff ;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfwf/e"t lzIffdf kx'Frsf] xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ k|fylds tx clgjfo{ / dfWolds tx;Dd lgMz'Ns lzIff kfpg]xs
x'g]5 .
-#_ ckfËtf ePsf / ljkGg ju{sf gful/snfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP
adf]lhdlgMz'Ns pRr lzIff k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
-$_ b[li6ljxLgx?nfO{ a|]nlnlk tyf alx/fx?nfO{ ;f°]lts efiffsf] k|of]u u/L
k|rlntsfg"gadf]lhd lgMz'Ns lzIff kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-%_ g]kfndf a;f]af; ug]{ k|To]s g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ dft[efiffdf lzIff k|bfg ug]{
u/LljBfno tyf z}lIfs ;+:yf vf]Ng] / ;~rfng ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
$!= efiff tyf ;+:s[lt ;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s JolQm / ;d'bfonfO{ cfkmgf] efiff k|of]u
ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s JolQm / ;d'bfonfO{ cfkmgf] ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g / cjnDag ug]{
tyfcfkmgf] ;d'bfosf] ;f+:s[lts hLjgdf ;xefuL x'g kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
t/, o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] ;+:s[ltsf] cf8df ul/g] s'/Llt, s';+:sf/
/s'k|yfsf] k|of]udf /f]s nufpg] u/L P]g agfpg afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-#_ g]kfndf a;f]jf; ug{] k|To]s g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ cfkmgf] efiff, lnlk, ;+:s[lt,
;f+:s[lts;Eotf / ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g ug{] xs x'g]5 .
-$_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ snf / ;flxTo l;h{gf ug]{, To;sf] ljsf; ug]{, k|rlnt
sfg"gadf]lhd cfkmgf] af}l4s ;DklQsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ tyf To;af6 nfe k|fKt ug]{ xs
x'g]5 .
-%_ k|To]s dft[efifL ;d'bfonfO{ cfkmgf] eflifs klxrfg / efiff;Fusf] ;DaGwnfO{
;Ddfgk"j{s cg'e"t ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ x'g]5 .
#^= lzIff ;DaGwL xs M -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfwf/e"t
lzIffdf kx'Frsf] xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfwf/e"t txsf] lzIff clgjfo{ /
lgMz'Ns lzIff tyf dfWoldstx;Dd lgMz'Ns lzIff kfpg] xs
x'g]5 .
-#_ ckfËtf ePsf / cfly{s ?kn] ljkGg gful/snfO{ sfg'g
adf]lhd lgMz'Ns pRrlzIff k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
-$_ b[li6ljxLg JolQmnfO{ a|]nlnlk tyf alx/f / :j/ jf
af]nfO ;DaGwL ckfËtf ePsf JolQmnfO{ ;fÍ]lts efiffsf]
dfWodaf6 sfg'g adf]lhd lgMz'Ns lzIff kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-%_ g]kfndf a;f]af; ug]{ k|To]s g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ cfkmgf]
dft[efiffdf dfWoldstx;Dd lzIff k|fKt ug{ / sfg'g
adf]lhd ljBfno tyf z}lIfs ;+:yf vf]Ng] / ;~rfng ug]{
xsx'g]5 .
#&= efiff tyf ;+:s[ltsf] xs M -!_ k|To]s JolQm /
;d'bfonfO{ cfkmgf] efiff k|of]u ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s JolQm / ;d'bfonfO{ cfkmgf] ;d'bfosf] ;f+:s[lts
hLjgdf ;xefuL x'g kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-#_ g]kfndf a;f]af; ug{] k|To]s g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ cfkmgf]
efiff, lnlk, ;+:s[lt,;f+:s[lts ;Eotf / ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f /
;+jw{g ug{] xs x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 38

 !&= lzIff tyf ;+:s[[lt ;DaGwL xs M -!_ k|To]s ;d'bfonfO{ sfg"gdf
Joj:yf eP adf]lhd cfˆgf] dft[efiffdf cfwf/e"t lzIff kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ /fHoaf6 sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd dfWolds
tx;Dd lgMz'Ns lzIff kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-#_ g]kfndf a;f]jf; ug{] k|To]s ;d'bfonfO{ cfˆgf] efiff, lnlk, ;+:s[lt,
;f+:s[lts ;Eotf / ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g ug{] xs x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 39

df}lns xs$@= /f]huf/L ;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ /f]huf/Lsf]
xs x'g]5 . /f]huf/Lsf zt{ / cj:yf k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd
x'g]5 .
t/, o; pkwf/f adf]lhd /f]huf/L pknAw gx'Fbf;Dd a]/f]huf/
gful/snfO{ k|rlnt
sfg"gadf]lhd j]/f]huf/ eQf kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] 5gf}6 ug{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
%#= ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;DaGwL xsM ljkGg ju{, czQm, c;xfo,
c;xfo cj:yfdf /x]sf Psn
dlxnf, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, afnaflnsf, cfkmgf] x]/rfx cfkm}
ug{ g;Sg] JolQm tyf nf]kf]Gd'v hfltsf gful/snfO{ k|rlnt
sfg"gadf]lhd ;fd
$%= vfB ;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ vfB clwsf/
x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ vfBj:t'sf] cefjdf hLjg hf]lvddf kg]{
cj:yfaf6 ;'/lIft x'g xs x'g]5 .
-#_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd vfB ;Dk|e'tfsf]
xs x'g]5 .flhs ;'/Iffsf] xs x'g]5 .
#*= /f]huf/Lsf] xs M -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] xs x'g]5 .
/f]huf/Lsf zt{ / cj:yf sfg'gadf]lhd x'g]5 .
t/ o; pkwf/f adf]lhd /f]huf/L pknAw gx'Fbf;Dd a]/f]huf/
gful/snfO{ sfg'gadf]lhd a]/f]huf/ eQf kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] 5gf}6 ug{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
$*= ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs M cfly{s ?kn] ljkGg, czQm / c;xfo
cj:yfdf /x]sf Psn dlxnf,ckfËtf ePsf, afnaflnsf, cfkmgf]
x]/rfx cfkm}+ ug{ g;Sg] tyf nf]kf]Gd'v hfltsf gful/snfO{ sfg'g
adf]lhd ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs x'g]5 .
$!= vfB ;DaGwL xs M -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ vfB ;DaGwL xs x'g]5
.
-@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ vfBj:t'sf] cefjdf hLjg hf]lvddf kg]{
cj:yfaf6 ;'/lIft x'g] xs x'g]5 .
-#_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd vfB ;Dk|e'tfsf] xs x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 40

 !*= /f]huf/L tyf ;fdflhs ;''/Iff ;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{
sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd /f]huf/Lsf] xs x'g]5 .
 -@_ dlxnf, >lds, j[4, ckfË tyf czQm / c;xfo gful/snfO{
sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs x'g]5 .
 -#_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd vfB ;Dk|e'Qfsf]
xs x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 41

df}lns xsc #$= ;DklQ ;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gsf]
cwLgdf /xL ;DklQ cfh{gug]{, ef]u ug]{, a]rlavg ug]{, Jofj;flos
nfe k|fKt ug]{ / ;DklQsf] cGo sf/f]af/ ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|ultzLn s/sf] dfGotf cg'?k /fHon]JolQmsf] ;DklQdf
cfjZostf cg';f/ s/nufpg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ ;fj{hlgs lxtsf] nflu afx]s /fHon] s'g} JolQmsf] ;DklQ
clwu|x0f ug]{, k|fKt ug]{ jf To:tf] ;DklQ pk/ c? s'g} k|sf/n] s'g}
clwsf/sf]l;h{gf ug]{ 5}g .
t/, s'g} klg JolQmn] u}/sfg"gL ?kn] cfh{g u/]sf] ;DklQsf] xsdf
of] pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-$_ j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu e"ldxLg ls;fg tyf
;'s'Daf;Lx¿nfO{ ljt/0f ug{ hdLg clwu|x0f ubf{ jf pkwf/f -#_
adf]lhd ;fj{hlgs lxtsf] nflu /fHon] s'g} JolQmsf] ;DklQ
clwu|x0f jf k|fKt ubf{ jf To:tf] ;DklQpk/ s'g} clwsf/sf] l;h{gf
ubf{ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ lbOg]5 .
-%_ e"ldsf] pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug{, s[lifsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f /
Jofj;flos/0f ug{,jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, Jojl:yt cfjf; tyf
zx/Lljsf; ug{ /fHon] sfg"g agfO{ e"ldsf]lgodg / Joj:yfkg ug{
;Sg]5 .
#)= ;DklQsf] xs M -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ sfg'gsf] cwLgdf /xL
;DklQ cfh{g ug]{, ef]u ug]{,a]rlavg ug]{, Jofj;flos nfe k|fKt
ug]{ / ;DklQsf] cGo sf/f]af/ ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|ultzLn s/sf] dfGotf cg'?k /fHon] JolQmsf] ;DklQdf
cfjZostf cg';f/ s/nufpg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ ;fj{hlgs lxtsf] nflu afx]s /fHon] s'g} JolQmsf] ;DklQ
clwu|x0f ug]{, k|fKt ug jf To:tf] ;DklQ pk/ c? s'g} k|sf/n]
s'g} clwsf/sf] l;h{gf ug]{ 5}g .
t/ s'g} klg JolQmn] u}/sfg'gL ?kn] cfh{g u/]sf] ;DklQsf] xsdf
of] pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd ;fj{hlgs lxtsf nflu /fHon] s'g} klg
JolQmsf] hUufsf]clwu|x0f ubf{ Ifltk"lt{sf] cfwf/ / sfo{k|0ffnL
sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -#_ / -$_ sf] Joj:yfn] e"ldsf] pTkfbg /pTkfbsTj
j[l4 ug{, s[lifsf]cfw'lgsLs/0f / Joj;foLs/0f, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f,
Jojl:yt cfjf; tyf zx/L ljsf; ug{]k|of]hgsf] nflu /fHon]
sfg'g adf]lhd e"ld ;'wf/, Joj:yfkg / lgodg ug{ afwf kg]{ 5}g
.
7/24/2015
Devkota 42

!(= ;DklQsf] xsM -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL ;DklQ cfh{g
ug]{, ef]u ug]{, a]rlavg ug]{ / ;DklQsf] cGo sf/f]af/ ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
-@_ ;fj{hlgs lxtsf] nflu afx]s /fHon] s'g} JolQmsf] ;DklQ clwu|x0f jf k|fKtug]{ jf
To:tf] ;DklQ pk/ c? s'g} k|sf/n] s'g} clwsf/sf] l;h{gf ug]{ 5}g .
 t/ cj}w 9Ën] cfh{g u/]sf] ;Dkltsf] xsdf of] pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-#_ j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/ sfo{qmd nfu" ubf{ jf ;fj{hlgs lxtsf] nflu /fHon] s'g}
JolQmsf] ;DklQ clwu|x0f jf k|fKt ubf{ jf To:tf] ;DklQ pk/ s'g} clwsf/sf] l;h{gf
ubf{ sfg"g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ lbOg]5 . Ifltk"lt{ / ;f]sf] cfwf/ / sfo{ k|0ffnL
sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f ul/P adf]lhd x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 43

df}lns xs
c $&= dlxnfsf] xsM -!_ k|To]s dlxnfnfO{ n}lËs lje]b ljgf
;dfg j+zLo xs x'g]5 .
-@_ dlxnflj?4 s'g} lsl;dsf] n}lËs e]befj ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ k|To]s dlxnfnfO{ ;'/lIft dft[Tj / k|hgg ;DaGwL xs
x'g]5 .
-$_ dlxnflj?4 wfld{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/f, k|rng
jf cGo s'g} cfwf/df zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, of}ghGo, dgf]j}1flgs
jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] lx+;fhGo sfo{ jf zf]if0f ul/g] 5}g .
o:tf] sfo{ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 / kLl8t
JolQmnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-%_ /fHo ;+oGqsf ;a} lgsfodf dlxnfsf] ;dfj]zL cfwf/df
;dfg'kflts ;xeflutfsf] xs x'g]5 .
-^_ k|To]s dlxnfnfO{ lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L / ;fdflhs
;'/Iffdf ;sf/fTds lje]bsf cfwf/df ljz]if cj;/ k|fKt ug]{
xs x'g]5 .
$#= dlxnfsf] xs M -!_ k|To]s dlxnfnfO{ n}lËs e]befj ljgf ;dfg
j+zLo xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s dlxnfnfO{ ;'/lIft dft[Tj / k|hgg ;DaGwL xs x'g]5 /
n}lËs klxrfgsf]cfwf/df e|"0fxTof ug]{ sfo{ sfg'g adf]lhd b08gLo
x'g]5 .
-#_ dlxnf lj?å wfld{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/f, k|rng jf cGo
s'g} cfwf/dfzf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, of}ghGo, dgf]j}1flgs jf cGo s'g}
lsl;dsf] lx+;fhGo sfo{ jf zf]if0f ul/g]5}g . To:tf] sfo{ sfg'g
adf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 / kLl8tnfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg]xs
x'g]5 .
-$_ /fHo ;+oGqsf ;a} lgsfodf dlxnfnfO{ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL
l;2fGtsf] cfwf/df;xeflu x'g] xs x'g]5 .
-%_ dlxnfnfO{ lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf ;sf/fTds
lje]bsfcfwf/df ljz]if cj;/ k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
-^_ ;DklQ tyf kfl/jfl/s dfldnfdf bDklQsf] ;dfg xs x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 44

@)= dlxnfsf] xs M -!_ dlxnf ePs} sf/0faf6 s'g} klg lsl;dsf] e]befj ul/g]
5}g .
-@_ k|To]s dlxnfnfO{ k|hgg :jf:Yo tyf k|hgg ;DaGwL xs x'g]5 .
-#_ s'g} klg dlxnf lj?4 zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] lx+;fhGo
sfo{ ul/g] 5}g / To:tf] sfo{ sfg"gåf/f b08gLo x'g]5 .
-$_ k}t[s ;Dkltdf 5f]/f / 5f]/LnfO{ ;dfg xs x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 45

df}lns xs
%@= ;fdflhs Gofosf] xsM -!_ ;fdflhs ?kn] k5fl8 k/]sf dlxnf, blnt, dw]zL, cflbjf;L,hghflt,
cNk;+Vos tyf ;LdfGts[t, d'l:nd, n}lËs tyf of}lgs cNk;+Vos ;d'bfo,ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, o'jf,
lk58f ju{, ls;fg / dhb"/ ju{ tyf lk5l8Psf] If]qnfO{ ;dfg'kflts / ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df
/fHosf] ;+/rgf tyf ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf ;xeflutfsf] xs x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] xssf] pkef]u ubf{ cfly{s ?kn] ljkGg gful/snfO{ k|fyldstf kfpg] xs x'g]5
.
-#_ ljkGg ju{, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm tyf nf]kf]Gd'v ;d'bfosf gful/ssf] ;+/If0f, pTyfg,
;zlQms/0f / ljsf;sf nflu lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfjf;, /f]huf/L, vfBfGg / ;fdflhs;'/Iffdf ljz]if cj;/
tyf nfe k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
-$_ k|To]s ls;fgnfO{ s[lif sfo{sf] nflu e"lddflysf] xs, k/Dk/fut ?kdf k|of]u /
cjnDag ul/Psf] :yfgLo aLp lahg / s[lif k|hfltsf] 5gf}6 / ;+/If0fsf] xs, s[lif;fdu|L, s[lif pkhsf]
plrt d"No / ahf/df kx'Frsf] xs tyf ;zlQms/0f / ljsf;sf]nflu ljz]if cj;/ tyf nfe k|fKt ug]{ xs
x'g]5 .
-%_ cflbjf;L, hghfltnfO{ cfkmgf] klxrfg;lxt efiff tyf ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g/ ljsf; ug]{ tyf
;zlQms/0f / ljsf;sf] nflu k|fyldstfsf ;fy ljz]if cj;/tyf nfe k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
-^_ cNk;+Vos ;d'bfonfO{ cfkmgf] klxrfg sfod /fvL ;fdflhs / ;+f:s[lts clwsf/k|of]usf nflu ljz]if
cj;/ tyf nfe k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
-&_ dw]zL ;d'bfonfO{ cfly{s, ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts cj;/ / nfesf] ;dfg ljt/0f tyf;f] ;d'bfo leqsf
ljkGg / lk58f ju{sf] ;+/If0f, pTyfg, ;zlQms/0f / ljsf;sfnflu ljz]if cj;/ / nfe k|fKt ug]{ xs
x'g]5 .
-*_ lk5l8Psf] If]qsf gful/ssf] ;+/If0f, pTyfg, ;zlQms/0f, ljsf; / cfwf/e"tcfjZostf kl/k"lt{sf]
nflu ljz]if cj;/ / nfe k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
-(_ ckfËtf ePsf JolQmnfO{ ljljwtfsf] klxrfg;lxt dof{bf / cfTd;Ddfgk"j{s hLjg
ofkg ug{ kfpg] / ;fj{hlgs ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfdf ;dfg kx'Frsf] xs x'g]5 .
-!)_ k|To]s o'jfnfO{ ;zlQms/0f / ljsf;sf nflu lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/Lnufotsf If]qdf ljz]if cj;/
k|fKt ub}{ JolQmTj ljsf;sf] xs x'g] tyf /fHosf] ;jf{ËL0f ljsf;dfof]ubfgsf nflu pko'Qm cj;/sf] xs
x'g]5 .
$&= ;fdflhs Gofosf] xs M -!_ ;fdflhs ?kn] k5fl8
k/]sf dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L, cflbjf;Lhghflt, v;
cfo{, dw]zL, yf?, cNk;+Vos, ;LdfGtLs[t, d'l:nd,
lk58fju{, n}lËs tyf of}lgscNk;+Vos, o'jf, ls;fg,
dhb"/, pTkLl8t jf lk5l8Psf] If]qsf gful/snfO{
;dfj]zL l;2fGtsfcfwf/df /fHosf] ;+/rgf tyf
;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf ;xeflutfsf] xs x'g]5
-@_ cfly{s ?kn] ljkGg tyf nf]kf]Gd'v ;d'bfosf
gful/ssf] ;+/If0f, pTyfg,;zQmLs/0f / ljsf;sf nflu
lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfjf;, /f]huf/L, vfBfGg / ;fdflhs
;'/Iffdfljz]if cj;/ tyf nfe k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
-#_ ckfËtf ePsf gful/snfO{ ljljwtfsf] klxrfg;lxt
dof{bf / cfTd;Ddfgk"j{s hLjgofkg ug{ kfpg] /
;fj{hlgs ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfdf ;dfg kx'Frsf] xs x'g]5 .
-$_ k|To]s ls;fgnfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd s[lif sfo{sf] nflu
e"lddf kx'Fr, k/Dk/fut ?kdf k|of]u / cjnDag
ul/Psf] :yfgLo aLp lahg / s[lif k|hfltsf] 5gf}6 /
;+/If0fsf] xs x'g]5 .
-%_ g]kfndf cu|ufdL nf]stflGqs kl/jt{gsf] nflu
ePsf ;a} hgcfGbf]ng, ;z:q ;+3if{ / qmflGtsf] qmddf
hLjg pT;u{ ug]{ zxLbsf kl/jf/, a]kQf kfl/Psf
JolQmsf kl/jf/,nf]stGqsf of]4f, åGåkLl8t / lj:yflkt,
ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, 3fOt] tyf kLl8tnfO{ Gofo Pjd
plrt ;Ddfg ;lxt lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L, cfjf; /
;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf sfg"gadf]lhdk|fyldstfsf ;fy
cj;/ k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 46

@!= ;fdflhs Gofosf] xsM cfly{s, ;fdflhs jf z}lIfs b[li6n] kl5 k/]sf
dlxnf, blnt,cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL ;d'bfo, pTkLl8t ju{, u/La
ls;fg / dhb'/nfO{ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df /fHosf]
;+/rgfdf ;xefuL x'g] xs x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 47

df}lns xs
$*= afnaflnsfsf] xsM -!_ k|To]s
afnaflnsfnfO{ cfkmgf]
klxrfg;lxt gfds/0f /
hGdbtf{sf] xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ kl/jf/
tyf /fHoaf6 lzIff, :jf:Yo, kfng
kf]if0f, plrt :ofxf/ ;lxtsf]
k|f/lDes afnljsf;, v]ns"b,
dgf]/~hg tyf JolQmTj ljsf;sf]
xsx'g]5 .
-#_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{
snsf/vfgf, vfgL jf To:t} cGo
hf]lvdk"0f{ sfddf nufpg kfOg]
5}g .
-$_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{
afnljjfx, u}/sfg"gL cf];f/k;f/ /
ckx/0f ug{ jf aGws /fVg kfOg]
5}g .
$$= afnaflnsfsf] xs M -!_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ cfkmgf] klxrfg ;lxt gfds/0f /
hGdbtf{sf] xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ kl/jf/ tyf /fHoaf6 lzIff, :jf:Yo, kfng kf]if0f, plrt :ofxf/,
v]ns"b, dgf]/~hg tyf JolQmTj ljsf;sf] xs x'g]5 .
-#_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ k|f/lDes afnljsf; tyf afn;xeflutfsf] xs x'g]5 .
-$_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ snsf/vfgf, vfgL jf o:t} cGo hf]lvdk"0f{ sfddf nufpg kfOg]
5}g .
-%_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ afn ljjfx, u}/sfg'gL cf];f/k;f/ / ckx/0f ug{ jf aGws /fVg
kfOg] 5}g .
-^_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ ;]gf, k|x/L jf ;z:q ;d"xdf egf{ jf k|of]u ug{ jf ;f+:s[lts jf
wfld{s k|rngsf] gfddf s'g} klg dfWod jf k|sf/n] b'Jo{jxf/, pk]Iff jf zf/Ll/s,dfgl;s,
of}ghGo jf cGo s'g} k|sf/sf] zf]if0f ug{ jf cg'lrt k|of]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-&_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/, ljBfno jf cGo h'g;'s} :yfg / cj:yfdf zf/Ll/s,dfgl;s
jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] oftgf lbg kfOg] 5}g .
-*_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ afn cg's"n Gofosf] xs x'g]5 .
-(_ c;xfo, cgfy, ckfËtf ePsf, åGåkLl8t, lj:yflkt Pj+ hf]lvddf /x]sf afnafflnsfnfO{
/fHoaf6 ljz]if ;+/If0f / ;'ljwf kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-!)_ pkwf/f -$_, -%_, -^_ / -&_ ljk/Lt sfo{ sfg'g adf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5g / To:tf] sfo{af6
kLl8t afnaflnsfnfO{ kL8saf6 sfg'g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 48

@@= afnaflnsfsf] xsM -!_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ cfˆgf] klxrfg tyf gfdsf] xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ kfngkf]if0f, cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo / ;fdflhs ;'/Iff k|fKt ug]{ xs
x'g]5 .
-#_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s jf cGo s'g} klg lsl;dsf]zf]if0f lj?4sf] xs
x'g]5 . o:tf] zf]if0fhGo sfo{ sfg"gåf/f b08gLo x'g]5 / To:tf] Jojxf/ ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{
sfg"gn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhdsf] Ifltk"lt{ lbOg]5 .
-$_ c;xfo, cgfy, ;':t dgl:ylt, åGåkLl8t, lj:yflkt Pj+ hf]lvddf k/]sf ;8s
afnaflnsfnfO{ ;'lglZrt eljiosf] nflu /fHoaf6 ljz]if ;'ljwf kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-%_ s'g} klg gfafnsnfO{ s'g} snsf/vfgf, vfgL jf o:t} cGo s'g} hf]lvdk"0f{ sfddf nufpg
jf ;]gf, k|x/L jf åGådf k|of]u ug{ kfO{g] 5}g .
7/24/2015
Devkota 49

df}lns xs
#%= wfld{s :jtGqtfsf] xsM -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ cfkmgf]
cf:yf cg';f/ wd{sf] cjnDag,cEof; / ;+/If0f ug{] tyf
s'g} wd{af6 cnu /xg] :jtGqtf x'g]5 .
t/, s;}n] klg ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo, lzi6frf/ / g}ltstf
k|lts"n x'g] jf ;fj{hlgszflGt eË ug]{ lqmofsnfk ug{
u/fpg jf s;}sf] wd{kl/jt{g u/fpg jf csf{sf]
wd{dfvnn kg{] s'g} sfd jf Jojxf/ ug{ u/fpg kfpg]
5}g .
-@_ k|To]s wfld{s ;Dk|bfonfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd
cfkmgf] :jtGq cl:tTj sfod /fvL
cfkmgf] wfld{s:yn / wfld{s u'7Lsf] ;~rfng / ;+/If0f
ug{] xs x'g]5 .
#!= wfld{s :jtGqtfsf] xs M -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ cfkmgf]
cf:yf cg';f/ wd{sf] cjnDag, cEof; / ;+/If0f ug{] tyf
s'g} wd{af6 cnu /xg] :jtGqtf x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s wfld{s ;Dk|bfonfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd cfkmgf] :jtGq
cl:tTj sfod /fvLcfkmgf] wfld{s :yn / wfld{s u'7Lsf]
;~rfng / ;+/If0f ug{] xs x'g]5 .
-#_ o; wf/fåf/f k|bQ xssf] k|of]u ubf{ s;}n] klg ;fj{hlgs
:jf:Yo, lzi6frf/ / g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g] jf ;fj{hlgs
zflGt eË ug]{ lqmofsnfk ug{, u/fpg jf s;}sf] wd{ kl/jt{g
u/fpg] jf csf{sf] wd{df vnn kg{] sfd jf Jojxf/ ug{ jf
u/fpg x'Fb}g / To:tf] sfo{ sfg'g adf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 50

 @#= wd{ ;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ k|rlnt ;fdflhs Pj+
;f+:s[lts k/Dk/fsf] dof{bf /fvL k/fk"j{b]lv rlncfPsf] cfˆgf] wd{sf]
cjnDag, cEof; / ;+/If0f ug{] xs x'g]5 .
 t/ s;}n] s;}sf] wd{ kl/jt{g u/fpg kfpg] 5}g / Ps csf{sf] wd{df
vnn kfg{] u/L s'g} sfd, Jojxf/ ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
7/24/2015
Devkota 51

-@_ kqmfpdf k/]sf JolQmnfO{ kqmfp k/]sf] ;dob]lv g} cfk"mn] /f]h]sf] sfg"g
Joj;foL;Fu;Nnfx lng kfpg] xs x'g]5 . To:tf] JolQmn] cfkmgf] sfg"g Joj;foL;Fu
u/]sf]k/fdz{ / lghn] lbPsf] ;Nnfx uf]Ko /xg]5 / To:tf] JolQmnfO{ cfkmgf]
sfg"gJoj;foLåf/f k'k{If ug{] xsaf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .
t/, lgjf/s gh/aGbdf /x]sf] -u}/g]kfnL gful/s_ / zq'/fHosf] gful/ssf] xsdfof]
pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5}g .
:ki6Ls/0fM o; pkwf/fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æsfg"g Joj;foLÆ eGgfn] s'g} cbfntdf
s'g} JolQmsf] k|ltlglwTj ug{ sfg"gn] clwsf/ lbPsf] JolQmnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
-#_ kqmfp ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{ kqmfp ePsf] ;do tyf :yfgaf6 af6f]sf] Dofb
afx]srf}aL; 306fleq d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L;dIf pkl:yt u/fpg' kg{]5 / To:tf]
clwsf/Laf6cfb]z ePdf afx]s kqmfp ePsf JolQmnfO{ y'gfdf /flvg] 5}g .t/, lgjf/s
gh/aGbdf /flvPsf] JolQm / zq'/fHosf] gful/ssf] xsdf of] pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-$_ tTsfn k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd ;hfo gx'g] s'g} sfd u/]afkt s'g} JolQm ;hfosf]
efuL x'g] 5}g / s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ s;"/ ubf{sf] cj:yfdf k|rlnt sfg"gdftf]lsPeGbf
a9L ;hfo lbOg] 5}g . t/ of] ;+ljwfg hf/L ePkl5 3l6t =============== afwfk'¥ofPsf]
dflgg] 5}g .
-%_ s'g} cleof]u nufOPsf] JolQmnfO{ lghn] u/]sf] s;"/ k|dfl0ft geP;Dd s;"/bf/
dflgg] 5}g .
-^_ s'g} klg JolQmlj?4 cbfntdf Ps} s;"/df Ps k6seGbf a9L d'2f rnfOg] /
;hfolbOg] 5}g .
-&_ s'g} s;"/sf] cleof]u nfu]sf] JolQmnfO{ cfkmgf]lj?4 ;fIfL x'g s/ nufOg] 5}g .
-*_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ lghlj?4 ul/Psf] sf/afxLsf] hfgsf/L kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-(_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ lgikIf, :jtGq / ;Ifd cbfnt jf Goflos lgsfoaf6
:jR5;'g'jfOsf] xs x'g]5 .
-!)_ c;dy{ kIfnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd lgMz'Ns sfg"gL ;xfotf kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
#)= ck/fw kLl8tsf] xsM -!_ ck/fw kLl8tnfO{ cfkm" kLl8t ePsf] d'2fsf] cg';Gwfg
txlssft tyf sf/jfxL ;DaGwL hfgsf/L kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-@_ ck/fw kLl8tnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd ;fdflhs k'g:y{fkgf / Ifltk"lt{ kfpg]
xs x'g]5 .
-@_ kqmfpdf k/]sf JolQmnfO{ kqmfp k/]sf] ;dob]lv g} cfk"mn] /f]h]sf] sfg'g Joj;foL;Fu
;Nnfx lng kfpg] tyf sfg'g Joj;foLåf/f k'k{If ug{] xs x'g]5 . To:tf] JolQmn] cfkmgf] sfg'g
Joj;foL;Fu u/]sf] k/fdz{ / lghn] lbPsf] ;Nnfx uf]Ko /xg]5 .
t/ lgjf/s gh/aGbdf /flvPsf] JolQm / zq' b]zsf] gful/ssf] xsdf of] pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5}g
.
:ki6Ls/0f M o; pkwf/fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æsfg'g Joj;foLÆ eGgfn] s'g} cbfntdfs'g}
JolQmsf] k|ltlglwTj ug{ sfg'gn] clwsf/ lbPsf] JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .
-#_ kqmfp ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{ kqmfp ePsf] ;do tyf :yfgaf6 af6f]sf] Dofb afx]srf}aL;
306fleq d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L ;dIf pkl:yt u/fpg' kg{]5 / To:tf] clwsf/Laf6 cfb]zePdf
afx]s kqmfp ePsf JolQmnfO{ y'gfdf /flvg] 5}g .
t/ lgjf/s gh/aGbdf /flvPsf] JolQm / zq' b]zsf] gful/ssf] xsdf of] pkwf/f nfu"x'g] 5}g
.
-$_ tTsfn k|rlnt sfg'gn] ;hfo gx'g] s'g} sfd u/] afkt s'g} JolQm ;hfoefuLx'g] 5}g /
s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ s;"/ ubf{sf] cj:yfdf sfg'gdf tf]lsPeGbf a9L ;hfo lbOg] 5}g .
-%_ s'g} cleof]u nufOPsf] JolQmnfO{ lghn] u/]sf] s;"/ k|dfl0ft geP;Dd s;"/bf/ dflgg]
5}g .
-^_ s'g} klg JolQm lj?4 cbfntdf Ps} s;"/df Ps k6seGbf a9L d'2f rnfOg] / ;hfo
lbOg] 5}g .
-&_ s'g} s;"/sf] cleof]u nfu]sf] JolQmnfO{ cfkmgf] lj?4 ;fIfL x'g afWo kfl/g] 5}g .
-*_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ lgh lj?4 ul/Psf] sf/afxLsf] hfgsf/L kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-(_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ lgikIf, :jtGq / ;Ifd cbfnt jf Goflos lgsfoaf6 :jR5 ;'g'jfOsf]
xs x'g]5 .
-!)_ c;dy{ kIfnfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd lgMz'Ns sfg'gL ;xfotf kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
@^= ck/fw kLl8tsf] xs M -!_ ck/fw kLl8tnfO{ cfkm" kLl8t ePsf] d'2fsf] cg';Gwfg tyf
sf/afxL ;DaGwL hfgsf/L kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-@_ ck/fw kLl8tnfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kgf / Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 52

@$= Gofo ;DaGwL xsM -!_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ kqmfp ePsf] sf/0f ;lxtsf] ;"rgf glbO{ y'gfdf /flvg] 5}g .
-@_ kqmfpdf k/]sf JolQmnfO{ kqmfp k/]sf] ;dodf g} cfk"mn] /f]h]sf] sfg"g Joj;foL;Fu ;Nnfx lng kfpg] xs x'g]5 . To:tf] JolQmn] cfˆgf] sfg"g
Joj;foL;Fu u/]sf] k/fdz{ / lghn] lbPsf] ;Nnfx uf]Ko /xg]5 / To:tf] JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] sfg"g Joj;foLåf/f k'k{If ug{] xsaf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .
:ki6Ls/0fM o; pkwf/fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æsfg"g Joj;foLÆ eGgfn] s'g} cbfntdf s'g} JolQmsf] k|ltlglwTj ug{ sfg"gn] clwsf/ lbPsf] JolQmnfO{
hgfpg]5 .
-#_ kqmfp ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{ kqmfp ePsf] ;doaf6 af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s rf}aL; 306fleq d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L ;dIf pkl:yt u/fpg' kg{]5 / To:tf]
clwsf/Laf6 cfb]z ePdf afx]s kqmfp ePsf JolQmnfO{ y'gfdf /flvg] 5}g . t/ pkwf/f -@_ / -#_ df n]lvPsf s'/fx¿ lgjf/s gh/aGb / zq'
/fHosf] gful/ssf] xsdf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-$_ tTsfn k|rlnt sfg"gn] ;hfo gx'g] s'g} sfd u/] jfkt s'g} JolQm ;hfosf] efuL x'g] 5}g / s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ s;"/ ubf{sf] cj:yfdf k|rlnt
sfg"gdf tf]lsPeGbf a9L ;hfo lbOg] 5}g .
-%_ s'g} cleof]u nufO{Psf] JolQmnfO{ lghn] u/]sf] s;"/ k|dfl0ft geP;Dd s;"/bf/ dflgg] 5}g .
-^_ s'g} klg JolQm lj?4 cbfntdf Ps} s;"/df Ps k6seGbf a9L d'2f rnfOg] / ;hfo lbOg] 5}g .
-&_ s'g} s;"/sf] cleof]u nfu]sf] JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] lj?4 ;fIfL x'g s/ nufOg] 5}g .
-*_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ lgh lj?4 ul/Psf] sf/afxLsf] hfgsf/L kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-(_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ ;Ifd cbfnt jf Goflos lgsfoaf6 :jR5 ;'g'jfOsf] xs x'g]5 .
-!)_ c;dy{ kIfnfO{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd lgMz'Ns sfg"gL ;]jf kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 53

df}lns xs
#!= oftgf lj?4sf] xsM -!_ cg';Gwfg, txlssft jf k'k{Ifsf] l;nl;nfdf jf c?
s'g}lsl;dn] y'gfdf /x]sf] s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s oftgf lbOg] jf
lgh;Fulgd{d, cdfgjLo jf ckdfghgs Jojxf/ ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 / To:tf]
Jojxf/af6
kLl8t JolQmnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
#@= lgjf/s gh/aGb lj?4sf] xsM -!_ g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, :jfwLgtf / cv08tf
jf;fj{hlgs zflGt / Joj:yfdf tTsfn vnn kg]{ kof{Kt cfwf/ geO{ s;}nfO{ klg
lgjf/sgh/aGbdf /flvg] 5}g .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd lgjf/s gh/jGbdf /x]sf] JolQmsf] l:yltsf] af/]df
lghsfkl/jf/sf ;b:o jf cfkmGtnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{5 .
t/, zq'/fHosf gful/ssf] xsdf of] pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-#_ lgjf/s gh/aGb /fVg] clwsf/Ln] sfg"gljk/Lt jf ablgotk"j{s s'g}
JolQmnfO{gh/aGb /fv]df To:tf JolQmnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs
x'g]5 .
@&= oftgf lj?4sf] xs M -!_ y'gfdf /x]sf] JolQmnfO{ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s
oftgf lbOg] jf lgh;Fulgd{d, cdfgjLo jf ckdfghgs Jojxf/ ul/g]
5}g .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ sfg'g adf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 / To:tf]
Jojxf/af6kLl8t JolQmnfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
@*= lgjf/s gh/aGb lj?4sf] xs M -!_ g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / cv08tf
jf ;fj{hlgs zflGt /Joj:yfdf tTsfn vnn kg]{ kof{Kt cfwf/ geO{
s;}nfO{ klg lgjf/s gh/aGbdf /flvg] 5}g .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd lgjf/s gh/aGbdf /x]sf] JolQmsf] l:yltsf]
af/]df lghsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:o jf glhssf] gft]bf/nfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd
tTsfn hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ zq' b]zsf] gful/ssf] xsdf of] pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-#_ lgjf/s gh/aGbdf /fVg] clwsf/Ln] sfg'g ljk/Lt jf ablgotk"j{s
s'g} JolQmnfO{ gh/aGbdf /fv]df To:tf] JolQmnfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{
kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 54

 @%= lgjf/s gh/aGb lj?4sf] xsM -!_ g]kfn /fHosf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / cv08tf jf
;fj{hlgs
 zflGt / Joj:yfdf tTsfn vnn kg]{ kof{Kt cfwf/ geO{ s;}nfO{ klg lgjf/s gh/aGbdf
 /flvg] 5}g .
 -@_ lgjf/s gh/aGb /fVg] clwsf/Ln] sfg"g ljk/Lt jf ablgotk"j{s s;}nfO{
 gh/aGb /fv]df gh/aGb /x]sf] JolQmn] sfg"gåf/f tf]lsP adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg]5 .
 @^= oftgf lj?4sf] xsM -!_ cg';Gwfg, txlssft jf k'k{Ifsf] l;nl;nfdf jf c? s'g}
lsl;dn]
 y'gfdf /x]sf] s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s oftgf lbOg] jf lgh;Fu lgd{d,
 cdfgjLo jf ckdfghgs Jojxf/ ul/g] 5}g .
 -@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ sfg"gåf/f b08gLo x'g]5 / To:tf] Jojxf/
 ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{ sfg"gn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhdsf] Ifltk"lt{ lbOg]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 55

df}lns xsc #^= ;"rgfsf] xsM k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfkmgf] jf ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] s'g} klg
ljifosf] ;"rgf dfUg] / k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
t/, k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd uf]Ko /fVg' kg]{ ;"rgfsf] hfgsf/L lbg s;}nfO{ s/
nufPsf]dflgg] 5}g .
#&= uf]kgLotfsf] xsM s'g} klg JolQmsf] hLp, cfjf;, ;DklQ, lnvt, tYof°,
kqfrf/, rl/q;DaGwL s'/fx¿sf] uf]kgLotf k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd tf]lsPsf]
cj:yfdf afx]scgltqmDox'g]5 .
#*= zf]if0f lj?4sf] xsM -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ zf]if0flj?4sf] xs x'g]5 .
-@_ wd{, k|yf, k/Dk/f, ;+:sf/, k|rng jf cGo s'g} cfwf/df s'g} klg JolQmnfO{
s'g}lsl;dn] zf]if0f ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-#_ dflg;nfO{ a]r–lavg ug{, bf; jf afFwfagfpg kfOg] 5}g . To:tf] sfo{
k|rlntsfg"gadf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 / kLl8tnfO{ kL8saf6 k|rlnt
sfg"gadf]lhd Ifltk"lt{kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-$_ s;}nfO{ klg lghsf] OR5flj?4 sfddf nufpg kfOg] 5}g . t/, o;
pkwf/fdf plNnlvt Joj:yfn] ;fj{hlgs k|of]hgsf] nflu gful/snfO{clgjfo{
;]jfdf nufpg ;lsg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
#@= ;"rgfsf] xs M k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfkmgf] jf ;fj{hlgs
;/f]sf/sf] s'g} klg ljifosf] ;"rgf dfUg] / k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
t/ o; wf/fsf] Joj:yfn] sfg'g adf]lhd uf]Ko /fVg'kg]{ ;"rgfsf]
hfgsf/L lbg s;}nfO{ afWo kfl/g] 5}g .
##= uf]kgLotfsf] xs M s'g} klg JolQmsf] hLp, cfjf;, ;DklQ,
lnvt, tYofÍ, kqfrf/ / rl/q;DaGwL ljifosf] uf]kgLotf sfg'g
adf]lhd afx]s cgltqmDo x'g]5 .
#$= zf]if0f lj?4sf] xs M -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ zf]if0f lj?4sf] xs
x'g]5 .
-@_ wd{, k|yf, k/Dk/f, ;+:sf/, k|rng jf cGo s'g} cfwf/df s'g}
klg JolQmnfO{ s'g}lsl;dn] zf]if0f ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-#_ dflg;nfO{ a]rlavg ug{, bf; jf afFwf agfpg kfOg] 5}g /
To:tf] sfo{ sfg'gadf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 .
-$_ s;}nfO{ klg lghsf] OR5f lj?4 sfddf nufpg kfOg] 5}g .
t/ o; pkwf/fdf plNnlvt Joj:yfn] ;fj{hlgs k|of]hgsf] nflu
gful/snfO{ /fHon clgjfo{ ;]jfdf nufpg ;Sg] u/L sfg'g agfpg
/f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-%_ pkwf/f -#_ / -$_ ljk/Ltsf] sfo{ sfg'g adf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5
/ To:tf] sfo{af6kLl8t JolQmnfO{ kL8saf6 sfg'g adf]lhd
dgfl;a Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 56

@&= ;"rgfsf] xsM k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfˆgf] jf ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] s'g} klg ljifosf] ;"rgf
dfUg] jf kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
t/ sfg"gåf/f uf]Ko /fVg' kg]{ ;"rgfsf] hfgsf/L lbg s;}nfO{ s/ nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
@*= uf]k]kgLotfsf] xsM s'g} klg JolQmsf] hLp, cfjf;, ;Dklt, lnvt, tYofÍ, kqfrf/, rl/q
;DaGwL s'/fx¿sf] uf]kgLotf sfg"gåf/f tf]lsPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s cgltqmDo x'g]5 .
@(= zf]if0f lj?4sf] xsM -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ zf]if0f lj?4sf] xs x'g]5 .
 -@_ k|yf, k/Dk/f / k|rngsf] gfddf jf s'g} klg lsl;dn] s;}nfO{ zf]if0f ug{kfOg] 5}g .
 -#_ dflg;nfO{ a]r–lavg ug{, bf; jf afFwf agfpg kfOg] 5}g .
 -$_ s;}nfO{ klg lghsf] OR5f lj?4 sfddf nufpg kfOg] 5}g . t/ o; pkwf/fdf
plNnlvt Joj:yfn] ;fj{hlgs k|of]hgsf] nflu gful/snfO{clgjfo{ ;]jfdf nufpg ;lsg]
sfg"g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
7/24/2015
Devkota 57

df}lns xs
$#= >d ;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s >ldsnfO{ k|rlnt
sfg"gadf]lhd >d cEof;sf] xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s >ldsnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd kfl/>lds, ;'ljwf
tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf]
xs x'g]5 .
-#_ k|To]s >ldsnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd 6«]8 o'lgog vf]Ng],
To;df ;xefuL x'g] tyf;fd"lxs ;f}bfafhL ug{] / x8tfn ug{
kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
#(= >dsf] xs M -!_ k|To]s >ldsnfO{ plrt >d
cEof;sf] xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s >ldsnfO{ plrt kfl/>lds, ;'ljwf tyf
;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs x'g]5 .
-#_ k|To]s >ldsnfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd 6«]8 o'lgog
vf]Ng], To;df ;xefuL x'g] tyf;fd"lxs ;f}bfafhL ug{
kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 58

 #)= >d ;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s sfdbf/ / sd{rf/LnfO{ plrt >d
cEof;sf] xs x'g]5 .
 -@_ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd k|To]s sfdbf/ / sd{rf/LnfO{ cf–
cfˆgf lxt
 /Iffsf] lgldQ 6«]8 o'lgog vf]Ng], ;Ël7t x'g] / ;fd"lxs ;f}bfafhL ug{]
xs x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 59

df}lns xs
%%= b]z lgsfnf lj?4sf] xsM s'g} klg gful/snfO{ b]z
lgsfnf ul/g] 5}g .
%^= df}lns xssf] sfof{Gjog / ;+j}wflgs pkrf/sf] xsM -!_
o; efuåf/f k|bQ xssf] k|rngsf nflu wf/f == -;jf]{Rr
cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q ;DaGwL wf/f_ tyf wf/f ===-
pRrcbfntsf] clwsf/If]q;DaGwL wf/f_ df n]lvP adf]lhd
pkrf/ kfpg] xs ;'/lIft ul/Psf] 5 .
-@_ o; efuåf/f k|bQ xsx¿sf] sfof{Gjogsfnflu
cfjZostf cg';f/ /fHon] b'O{jif{leq sfg"gL Joj:yf ug]{5 .
-#_ o; efuåf/f k|bQ lzIff;DaGwL xs, :jf:Yo;DaGwL xs,
/f]huf/L;DaGwL xs,
cfjf;;DaGwL xs, vfB;DaGwL xs, ;fdflhs Gofo;DaGwL
xs / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xssf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu /fHon]
pko'Qm Joj:yf ug]{5 .
%)= b]z lgsfnf lj?4sf] xs M s'g} klg
gful/snfO{ b]z lgsfnf ul/g] 5}g .
%!= ;+j}wflgs pkrf/sf] xs / df}lns xssf]
sfof{Gjog M -!_ o; efuåf/f k|bQ xssf]
k|rngsfnflu wf/f !#& jf !$* df n]lvP
adf]lhd pkrf/ kfpg] xs ;'/lIft ul/Psf] 5 .
-@_ o; efuåf/f k|bQ xsx¿sf] sfof{Gjogsf
nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ /fHon] of];+ljwfg k|f/De
ePsf] tLg jif{leq sfg'gL Joj:yf ug]{5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 60

#!= b]z lgsfnf lj?4sf] xsM s'g} klg gful/snfO{ b]z lgsfnf ul/g] 5}g
.
#@= ;++j}wflgs pkrf/sf] xsM o; efuåf/f k|bQ xssf] k|rngsf nflu
wf/f !)& df n]lvPsf] tl/sf cg';f/ sf/afxL rnfpg kfpg] xs ;'/lIft
ul/Psf]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 61

Gofokflnsf jf/] ;+jfb;ldltsf] lg0f{o
!_ :jtGq Gofokflnsfsf] cjwf/0ff cg'?k g]kfndf :jtGq, lgikIf / ;Ifd Gofokflnsfsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . @_ ;jf{]Rr
cbfnt clen]v cbfnt x'g]5 . ;+ljwfgsf] clGtd JofVof ug{] clwsf/ ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] x'g]5 . #_ s]Gb| / k|b]z, k|b]z
/ k|b]z, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx Pjd :yfgLo txsf aLrdf clwsf/ If]qaf/] tyf k|lgltlw ;ef, /fli6«o ;ef / k|b]z
;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DaGwL ljjfbdf Gofo lg?k0f ug{ Ps ;+j}wflgs cbfnt u7g ul/g] 5 . oL ljifodf ;+j}wflgs
cbfntsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 . of] cbfnt ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf k|wfg GofofwLzsf] cWoIftf / @ hgf cGo jl/i7td
GofofwLz tyf @ hgf ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz x'g of]Uotf k'u]sf sfg"g If]qsf lj1sf] ;xeflutfdf u7g x'g]5 .
;+j}wflgs cbfntsf] sfof{jlw gofF ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] !) aif{ ;Dd x'g]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 62

d:of}bf pk/sf] l6Kk0fL tyf ;'emfj
7/24/2015
Devkota 63

k|:tfjgfM
 g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ;d:of juL{o hftLo lnluo If]lqo xf] / o;sf] ;dfwfg
/fHosf] cu|ufld k'g/;+/rgf u/L ;j} vfn] lje]b / plTk8gx?sf] cGt ug]{
xf] eGg] s'/f k|:tfjgfdf sxL emlNsb}g .
 ;fdGtL / lkt[;QfTds zf;gsf] cGt ug]{ s'/f pNn]v 5}g .
7/24/2015
Devkota 64

k|f/lDes efudfM
 g]kfn /fHo ;+3Lo xf] eGg ;s]sf] 5}g .
 efiffsf jf/]df jx'eflifs gLlt jdf]lhd ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiff x'g] egg]
ljutsf] ;xdlt ;+ljwfg;efsf] lbg]{zg ljkl/t Psneflifs gLltsf]
lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] 5 .
 g]kfnsf] /fli6|o km"n,lrGx / hgfj/sf jf/]df cl3Nnf] ;+ljwfg;efdf g/fVg]
;xdlt ePsf] ;f]xL jdf]lhd k'0f{ ;efn] lgb]{zg lbPsf] lyof] ;f] ljkl/t
/fli6|o lrGx km"n / hgfj/ /flvPsf]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 65

gful/stf
 gful/stfdf jfj' / cfdf b'j} g]kfnL gful/stf lnPs} x'gkg]{ k|fJwfgn] ;Gtfg
/fli6|otf ljlxg jgfpg] ef] .
 dlxnfn] dfUb} cfPsf] c+z / j+zsf] xs k|fKt ePg .
 g]kfnL cfdfn] hGdfPsf] eP klg jfj' kQf gnfUbf;Dd j+zh jfj' ljb]zL
xf] eGg] kQf nfu]df c+lus[t x'g] Joj:yf ul/of] .
 j+zhsf] xs s]jn k'?ifdf dfq} 5 dlxnfdf x}g eGg] k|i6 kf/of] .
 ljb]zL;+u ljjfx ug]{sf xsdf k'?if / dlxnfn] gful/stf kfpg] cjlwsf
xsdf ljuts} lje]b sfod /xof] .
7/24/2015
Devkota 66

df}lns xs
 ljutsf] ;xdlt ljkl/t s]xL kl/dfh{g ul/Psf] 5 .
 cfd;+rf/sf] xsdf k|ljGwfTds jfSofz yk]/ ;+rf/ dfWodnfO[ jGb hkmt / btf{ vf/]h
gul/g] Uof/]06LnfO{ x6fpb} sfg'g jgfP/ jGb hkmt jf btf{ vf/]h ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf
/flvPsf]5 .
 wfld{s :jtGqtfsf] xsdf pkwf/f-#_ yk u/]/ cgfjZos ljjfb l;h{gf u/]sf] 5 .
 zf]if0f lj?4sf] xsdf pkwf/f -%_ yk]/ b08 / Ifltk'lt{sf] Joj:yf pNn]v ul/Psf]5 .
 efiff tyf ;+:s[ltsf] xsdf lqeflifs gLlt cjnDjg ul/g] ;ldltsf] ;xdltsf] jGbf]j:t
x6fPsf] 5 eg] pkwf/f $ / % lems]/ efiffsf] l;h{gf ljsf; / klxrfg :yflkt ug]{ ljifo
O{Gsf/ u/]sf] 5 .
 dlxnfsf] xsdf /fHosf ;j} lgsfodf hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutfsf]
xsnfO{ ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df ;xefuL ;Dd emf/]sf] 5 .
 ;DklQ tyf kfl/jfl/s dfdnfdf bDklQsf] ;dfg xs x'g]5 egL kl/dfh{g ul/Psf] 5 .
 kl/jf/sf] xs lemlsPsf]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 67

df}lns xs
 blntsf] xsdf ljutsf] plTk8g jfktsf] Ifltk'lt{ :j?k :yfgLodf % /
s]Gb|df # k|ltzt yk k|ltlglwTj ljz]ifflwsf/sf ?kdf ;xdlt ePsf] /
;+ljwfg;efn] kl/t u/]sf] lgSof]{n ;ldltn] :jLsf/]sf] d:of}bf ;ldltn]
x6fPsf] 5 .
 ;fdflhs Gofosf] xsdf !! j'bfdWo ^ j6f j'bf x6fO{Psf]5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 68

/fHosf] bfloTj gLlt tyf lgb]{zs l;4fGt
 /fHosf] bfloTj @) j'bf x6fP/ Ps j'bfdf l;ldt ul/Psf] 5 .
 /fHosf] k|d'v p2]Zo x6fPsf] 5 . s]jn /fhgLlts ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts
cfly{s p2]Zo /fVb} cGt/fli6|o ;DjGw jf/] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 69

/fHosf] ;+/rgf / /fHozlQmsf] jf8kmf8
 ljjfbsf] ljifo s]jn gfd ;+Vof / l;dfgf lyof] . of] jfx]s k|b]z / :yfgLo tx / ljz]if ;+/rgf cGtu{t ljz]if
If]q :jfoQ If]q / ;+/lIft If]qsf jf/]df / tL lgsfosf] ;+/rgf sfo{;+rfng k2lt lgjf{rg k|0ffnL nufotsf
;j} ljifodf ;xdlt lyof] . t/ oxf ljutsf] ;xdlt s]xL klg pNn]v 5}g .
 l;dfgf cfof]un] lgwf{/0f ug]{ ;f] cfof]u ;/sf/n] u7g ug]{ ;f] sf] sfof{jlw 5 dlxgf x'g] To;sf] k|ltj]bg ltg
dlxgfleq Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] b'O{ltxfO{ dtn] kfl/t ug{ kg]{ .
 ufp / gu/sf] l;df cfof]un] ug]{ cfof]u ;+ljwfg hf/L ePsf] 5 dlxgf leq u7g x'g] ;f] cfof]usf] Dofb Ps
jif{ x'g] .
 juL{o hftLo If]qLo ln+uLo lje]b cGt /fHosf] k'g/;+/rgf ug]{ eGg] p2]Zo g} pNn]v 5}g .
 cgfjZos ?kdf jx'ntf zJb 3';fO{Psf] 5 .
 ljz]if ;+/rgf /fHosf] txjf6 / /fHozlQmsf] jf8kmf8jf6 x6fO{Psf] 5 hf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgb]{zg / ljutsf]
;xdlt ljkl/t 5 .
 ljz]if ;+/rgfsf] clwsf/sf] ;'lrnfO{ g} c:jLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 .
 cjlzi6 clwsf/ s]Gb|df /xg], ;femf ;'llr klg s]Gb|n] g} k|of]u ug]{ x/]s dfdnfnfO{ s]Gb|sf] dftxt /flvPsf]n]
:jfoQtf / :jzf;g ;lxtsf] ;+3Lotfsf] uGw cfpb}g .
 k|fs[lts >f]t / ljQ cfof]unfO{ ld;fPsf] 5 / jf8kmf8 s]Gb| ;/sf/n] ug]{ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 70

/fi6|klt pk/fi6|klt,sfo{kflnsf
Joj:yflksf,Gofokflnsf
 @)$& ;fnsf] >L % sf] 7fpdf lgjf{rs d08njf6 r'lgPsf] ;+:yf t/ sfd
st{Jo / clwsf/df slQklg km/s 5}g c? pNn]v ug}{ k/]g .
 ;+3Lo sfo{kflnsf Joj:yflksf / Gofokflnsf @)$& ;fns} ;+ljwfgsf
wf/fx? x'jx‘ h:t} ;fl/Psf]n] s'g} l6Kk0fL ul//fVg k/]g .
7/24/2015
Devkota 71

lgjf{rg k|0ffnL
 ldl>t lgjf{rg k|0ffnL ^) k|ltzt k|ToIf / $) k|ltzt ;dfg'kflts .
 ;+Vof k|ToIf !^%
 ;dfg'kflts !!)
 /fli6|o ;ef $) lgjf{lrt % dgf]lgt u/L $%
 k|b]z ;ef -!^%sf] bf]j/ ##) o;nfO{ ^) k|ltzt dfgL jfsL ;dfg'kflts
$) k|ltzt ;d]t ubf{ @@) hDdf x'g] ;+Vof %%) .
 k|ltlglw;efsf] @&%, /fli6|o ;efsf] $% k|b]z ;efsf] %%) ;d]t hf]8bf s'n
k|ltlglw ;b:o ;+Vof *&)
7/24/2015
Devkota 72

lgjf{rg k|0ffnL / ;dfj]zLtf
 **= k|ltlglw;efsf] u7g M -!_ k|ltlglw;efdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf b'O{ ;o krxQ/ ;b:o /xg]5g M–
 -s_ g]kfnnfO{ e"uf]n, hg;+Vof / k|fb]lzs ;Gt'ngsf] cfwf/df Ps ;o k+};77L
 lgjf{rg If]q sfod u/L k|To]s lgjf{rg If]qaf6 Ps hgf /xg] u/L klxnf] x'g]
 lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd lgjf{lrt x'g] Ps ;o k}+;77L ;b:o,
 -v_ ;Dk"0f{ b]znfO{ Ps lgjf{rg If]q dfgL /fhgLlts bnnfO{ dt lbg] ;dfg'kflts
 lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd lgjf{lrt x'g] Ps ;o bz ;b:o .
 -@_ ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd x'g] k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] nflu
 /fhgLlts bnn] pDd]bjf/L lb+bf e"uf]n, hg;+Vof / k|fb]lzs ;Gt'ngsf] cfwf/df dlxnf, blnt,
 cflbjf;L, cflbjf;L hghflt, v; cfo{, dw];L, yf?, d'l:nd, lk5l8Psf] If]q, cNk;+Vos
 ;d'bfo ;d]taf6 aGb ;"rLsf cfwf/df k|ltlglwTj u/fpg] Joj:yf sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
 :ki6Ls/0f M æv; cfo{Æ eGgfn] If]qL, a|fDx0f, 7s'/L, ;Gof;L -bzgfdL_ ;d'bfo ;Demg' k5{ .
7/24/2015
Devkota 73

lgjf{rg k|0ffnL / ;dfj]zLtf=====
-*_ o; efudf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;+3Lo ;+;bdf
k|ltlglwTj ug]{ k|To]s /fhgLlts bnaf6 lgjf{lrt s'n ;b:o ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf
Ps ltxfO ;b:o dlxnf x'g'kg]{5 . To;/L lgjf{lrt ubf{ pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -
s_ / wf/f () sf] pkwf/f -@_ sf] v08 -s_adf]lhd lgjf{lrt ;b:ox? dWo]
s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] Ps ltxfO{ ;b:o dlxnf lgjf{lrtgePdf To:tf]
/fhgLlts bnn] pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd ;b:o lgjf{lrt ubf{ cfkmgf]
bnaf6 ;+3Lo ;+;bdf lgjf{lrt x'g] s'n ;b:osf] sDtLdf Ps ltxfO{ dlxnf
;b:o x'g] u/L lgjf{lrt ug'{ kg]{5
7/24/2015
Devkota 74

lgjf{rg k|0ffnL / ;dfj]zLtf=====
 dlxnf, blnt,cflbjf;L, cflbjf;L hghflt, v; cfo{, dw];L, yf?, d'l:nd,
lk5l8Psf] If]q, cNk;+Vos ;d'bfo ;d]taf6 aGb ;"rLsf cfwf/df
k|ltlglwTj u/fpg] Joj:yf sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
 :ki6Ls/0f M æv; cfo{Æ eGgfn] If]qL, a|fDx0f, 7s'/L, ;Gof;L -bzgfdL_
;d'bfonfO{ j'emfpg]5 .
 hDdf ;dfg'kflts $) k|ltztdf ## k|ltzt dlxnfsfnflu Uof/]06L jfsL
/x]sf] & k|ltztdf jf+sL ;j}n] jfl8r'l8 ug{ kb{5 .
7/24/2015
Devkota 75

;+s6sfndf lgnDjg x'g]
 wf/f @* lgjf/s gh/jGbsf] xs
 wf/f #) ;DklQsf] xs
 wf/f #@ ;'rgfsf] xs
 wf/f ## uf]kgLotfsf] xs
 wf/f #* /f]huf/Lsf] xs
 wf/f #( >dsf] xs
 wf/f $@ cfjf;sf] xs
 wf/f $% blntsf] xs
 wf/f $& ;fdflhs Gofosf] xs
 wf/f $( pkef]Qmfsf] xs
7/24/2015
Devkota 76

++ klxnf] ;+ljwfg;ef bf]>f] ;+ljwfg;ef
/Iff / ;]gf;DaGwL
-s_ /fli6«o Pstf / ef}uf]lns cv08tfsf] ;+/If0f
-v_ /fli6«o ;'/Iff;DaGwL
s]Gb|Lo k|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L an
s]Gb|Lo of]hgf, s]Gb|Lo a}+s, ljQLo gLlt, d'b|f / a}+lsË, df}lb«s gLlt, ljb]zL cg'bfg, ;xof]u / C0f
b"/;~rf/ lgodg / lgoGq0f, s]Gb|Lo b"/;~rf/, /]l8of] lk|mSjG;Lsf] afF8kmfF8, 6]lnlehg / x'nfs
eG;f/, cGtMz'Ns, d"No clej[l4 s/, ;+:yfut cfos/, JolQmut cfos/, /fxbfgL, le;f, ko{6g
b:t'/, ;]jf z'Ns b:t'/
k|fs[lts ;|f]taf6 k|fKt /f]oN6L
s]Gb|Lo lghfdtL ;]jf Joj:yfkg
s]Gb|Lo tYof° -/fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o dfgs / u'0f:t/_
s]Gb|Lo:t/sf 7"nf ljB't, l;+rfO{ / cGo cfof]hgfx? tyf kl/of]hgfx?
s]Gb|Lo ljZjljBfno, ljZjljBfno dfgs:t/ / lgodg, s]Gb|Lo k':tsfno
s]Gb|Lo :jf:Yo gLlt -:jf:Yo dfgs:t/÷u'0f:t/ / cg'udg, /fli6«o ÷ ljlzi6 ;]jf k|bfos c:ktfn,
k/Dk/fut pkrf/ ;]jf, ;?jf /f]ulgoGq0f_
;‹Lo Joj:yflksf / ;‹Lo sfo{kflnsf ;DaGwL dfldnf
cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/, ljlgdo, aGb/ufx, Sjf/]G6fOg
cGt/f{li6«o tyf cGt//fHo xjfO{ p88og, cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn
k//fi6« tyf s"6gLlts dfdnf, cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw / ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;‹;DaGwL
cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw, ;Demf}tf ;'k'b{uL / cGt/f{li6«o ;LdfJoj:yfkg
/fli6«o /]n tyf /fli6«o nf]sdfu{sf] Joj:yfkg
/fli6«o u'Ktr/ tyf cg';Gwfg
;+j}wflgs cbfnt, ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL sfg"g
gful/stf, /fxbfgL, le;f, cWofudg
cf0fljs pmhf{, jfo'd08n / cGtl/If;DaGwL
af}l4s ;Dklt -k]6]G6, l8hfOg, k|ltlnlk clwsf/;d]t_
o'4 / k|lt/Iff
xftxltof/, v/vhfgf sf/vfgf tyf pTkfbg ;DaGwL
gfk – tf}n
vfgL pTvgg
/fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o kof{j/0f Joj:yfkg
jLdf gLlt
kmf}hbf/L sfg"gsf] lgdf{0f, b08 hl/jfgf
Sofl;gf], sfj{g ;]jf
! /Iff / ;]gf ;DaGwL
-s_ /fli6«o Pstf / ef}uf]lns cv08tfsf] ;+/If0f
-v_ /fli6«o ;'/Iff ;DaGwL
@ s]Gb|Lo k|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L an, /fli6«o u'Ktr/ tyf cg';Gwfg, zflGt ;'/Iff
# s]Gb|Lo of]hgf, s]Gb|Lo a}+s, ljQLo gLlt, d'b|f / a}+lsªu, df}lb|s gLlt, ljb]zL cg'bfg,
;xof]u / C0f
$ b"/ ;~rf/ lgodg / lgoGq0f, s]Gb|Lo b"/ ;~rf/, /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;Lsf] afF8kmfF6, 6]lnlehg / x'nfs
% eG;f/, cGtMz'Ns, d"No clej[l4 s/, ;+:yfut cfos/, JolQmut cfos/, /fxbfgL z'Ns,
le;f z'Ns, ko{6g b:t'/, ;]jf z'Ns b:t'/, b08 hl/afgf
^ k|fs[lts ;|f]taf6 k|fKt /f]oN6L
& ;+3Lo lghfdtL ;]jf, Gofo ;]jf / cGo ;/sf/L ;]jf
* s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ -/fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o dfgs / u'0f:t/_
( s]Gb|Lo :t/sf 7"nf ljB't, l;+rfO{ / cGo cfof]hgf tyf kl/of]hgf
!) s]Gb|Lo ljZjljBfno, ljZjljBfno dfkb08 / lgodg, s]Gb|Lo k':tsfno
!! s]Gb|Lo :jf:Yo gLlt, -:jf:Yo dfkb08, u'0f:t/ / cg'udg, /fli6«o÷ljlzi6 ;]jf k|bfos
c:ktfn, k/Dk/fut pkrf/ ;]jf, ;?jf /f]u lgoGq0f_
!@ ;+3Lo ;+;b, ;+3Lo sfo{kflnsf, :yfgLo tx ;DaGwL dfldnf
!# cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/, ljlgdo, aGb/ufx, Sjf/]G6fOg
!$ cGt/f{li6«o tyf cGt//fHo xjfO{ p88og, cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn
!% k//fi6« tyf s'6gLlts dfldnf, cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw / ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;DaGwL
!^ cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw ;Demf}tf, ;'k'b{uL, kf/:kl/s sfg'gL ;xfotf / cGt/f{li6«o ;Ldf Joj:yfkg
!& /fli6«o /]n tyf /fli6«o nf]sdfu{sf] Joj:yfkg
!* ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+j}wflgs cbfnt, pRr cbfnt, lhNnf cbfnt tyf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL sfg'g
!( gful/stf, /fxbfgL, le;f, cWofudg
@) cf0fljs pmhf{, jfo'd08n / cGtl/If ;DaGwL
@! af}l4s ;DklQ -k]6]G6, l8hfOg, k|ltlnlk clwsf/ ;d]t_
@@ o'4 / k|lt/Iff
@# xftxltof/, v/vhfgf sf/vfgf tyf pTkfbg ;DaGwL
@$ gfk – tf}n
@% vfgL pTvgg
@^ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o kof{j/0f Joj:yfkg
@& aLdf gLlt
@* kmf}hbf/L, b]jfgL sfg'gsf] lgdf{0f
@* Sofl;gf] tyf sfa{g ;]jf7/24/2015
Devkota 77

k|b]zsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL
• k|fb]lzs k|x/L, k|zf;g / zflGt ;'/Iff
• a}° tyf ljQLo ;+:yf, ;xsf/L ;+:yf , s]Gb«sf] ;xdltdf j}b]lzs cg'bfg / ;xof]u
• /]l8of], Pkm= Pd, 6]lnlehg
• kf/>lds s/, 3/ hUuf /lhi6«]zg z'Ns, ;jf/L ;fwg s/, cGtMz'Ns, dgf]/~hg s/,
lj1fkg s/,ko{6g, s[lif cfodf s/, ;]jfz'Ns b:t'/, b08 hl/jfgf
• k|fs[lts;|f]taf6 k|fKt /f]oN6L
• k|fb]lzs lghfdtL ;]jfsf] Joj:yfkg
• k|fb]lzs tYof°
• k|fb]lzs:t/sf ljB't, l;+rfO{ cfof]hgf Pj+ cGo cfof]hgf tyf kl/of]hgfx?
• ljZjljBfno, pRr lzIff, k':tsfno, ;ªu|xfno
• :jf:Yo ;]jf
• k|fb]lzs Joj:yflksf, :yfgLo ;/sf/;DaGwL / ljz]if ;+/rgf ;DaGwL
• k|b]zleqsf] Jofkf/
• k|fb]lzs xjfO{ ;]jf
• k|fb]lzs /]Nj] / k|fb]lzs nf]sdfu{
• k|fb]lzs cg';Gwfg Jo'/f]
• ljB't cfof]hgf, l;+rfO{ cfof]hgf
• ;+j}wflgs cbfnt, ;jf]{Rr cbfntafx]ssf cbfntx?sf] ef}lts Joj:yfkg, hgzlQm
Joj:yfkg /cGo cfjZos ljifox?
• gful/stf / /fxbfgL Joj:yfkg
• k|fb]lzs:t/sf cfof]ux?
• e"ldJoj:yfkg, hUufsf] clen]v / dfnkf]t ;°ng
• vfgL cGj]if0f / Joj:yfkg
• jLdf Joj:yfkg / ;~rfng
• efiff, ;+:s[lt, lnlk / wd{sf] ;+/If0f / k|of]u
• k|b]zleqsf] jg hËn,hn pkof]u tyf kof{j/0f Joj:yfkg
• s[lif tyf kz' ljsf;, snsf/vfgf, cf}Bf]uLs/0f, Jofkf/ Joj;fo, oftfoft, cNsf]xlns
kbfy{pTkfbg, lgdf{0f vl/b ljqmL
• k':ts tyf 5fkfvfgf
• u'7L Joj:yfkg
• k|fb]lzs k|x/L k|zf;g / zflGt ;'/Iff
• a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf, ;xsf/L ;+:yf, s]Gb|sf] ;xdltdf j}b]lzs cg'bfg / ;xof]u
• /]l8of], Pkm= Pd, 6]lnlehg
• kfl/>lds s/, 3/ hUuf /lhi6«]zg z'Ns, ;jf/L ;fwg s/, cGtMz'Ns, dgf]/~hgs/, lj1fkg s/, ko{6g,
s[lif cfodf s/, ;]jf z'Ns b:t'/, b08 hl/jfgf
• k|fs[lts ;|f]taf6 k|fKt /f]oN6L
• k|fb]lzs lghfdtL ;]jf, Gofo ;]jf / cGo ;/sf/L ;]jf
• k|fb]lzs tYofÍ
• k|b]z:t/sf ljB't, l;+rfO cfof]hgf Pj+ cGo cfof]hgf tyf kl/of]hgf
• k|b]z:t/sf ljZjljBfno, pRr lzIff, k':tsfno, ;+u|xfno
• :jf:Yo ;]jf
• k|b]z ;ef, k|fb]lzs dlGqkl/ifb / ljz]if ;+/rgf ;DaGwL
• k|b]zleqsf] Jofkf/
• k|fb]lzs xjfO{ ;]jf
• k|fb]lzs /]nj] / k|fb]lzs nf]sdfu{
• k|fb]lzs cg';Gwfg Ao'/f]
• k|fb]lzs ljB't cfof]hgf, l;+rfO{ cfof]hgf
• k|b]zleqsf ;/sf/L sfof{nox?sf] ef}lts Joj:yfkg / cGo cfjZos ljifo
• k|fb]lzs nf]s ;]jf cfof]u
• e"ld Joj:yfkg, hUufsf] clen]v / dfnkf]t ;+sng
• vfgL cGj]if0f / Joj:yfkg
• aLdf Joj:yfkg / ;~rfng
• efiff, ;+:s[lt, lnlk / wd{sf] ;+/If0f / k|of]u
• k|b]zleqsf] jg hËn, hn pkof]u tyf kof{j/0f Joj:yfkg
• s[lif tyf kz' ljsf;, snsf/vfgf, cf}Bf]lusLs/0f, Jofkf/ Joj;fo, oftfoft,
• dlb/f tyf k]o kbfy{ pTkfbg, lgdf{0f v/Lb laqmL
• k':ts tyf 5fkfvfgf
• u'7L Joj:yfkg
7/24/2015
Devkota 78

;femf clwsf/sf] ;"rL
qm=;+ ljifox?
kmf}hbf/L / b]jfgL sfo{ljlw / k|df0f / zky-sfg"gL dfGotf, ;fj{hlgs sfo{ / clen]v / Goflos
k|lqmof_
cfjZos j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] cfk"lt{, ljt/0f, d"NolgoGq0f, u'0f:t/ / cg'udg
/fHosf] ;'/Iff;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf lgjf/s gh/aGb, sf/fuf/ tyf lx/f;t Joj:yfkg / zflGt
;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf
Ps k|b]zaf6 csf]{ k|b]zdf cleo'Qm, y'g'jf / s}bLsf] :yfgfGt/0f
kfl/jfl/s dfdnf -ljjfx, ;DklQ x:tfGt/0f, ;DaGwljR5]b, nf]kf]Gd'v, 6'x'/f, wd{k'q, pQ/flwsf/
/;+o'Qm kl/jf/_ ;DaGwL sfg"g
;DklQ k|flKt, clwu|x0f / clwsf/sf] ;[hgf
s/f/, ;fem]bf/L / Ph]G;L ;DaGwL
6f6kN6]sf] / bfdf;fxL ;DaGwL
cf}iflw / ljifflb
of]hgf, kl/jf/lgof]hg / hg;+Vof lgoGq0f
;fdflhs ;'/Iff / /f]huf/L, 6«]8 o'lgog, cf}Bf]lus / dhb'/sf xs clwsf/ / ljjfb ;DaGwL sfo{
lrlsT;f, sfg"gL / cGo k]zfx?
36gf tYofË, hGd–d[To' btf{
hndfu{, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, h}ljs ljljwtf
;~rf/ dfWod;DaGwL
k'/ftTj, k|frLg :df/s / ;ªu|xfno ;+/If0f;DaGwL
pBf]u tyf vlgh / ef}lts k"jf{wf/
Sofl;gf], lr77f, ;jf/L;fwg cg'dlt
clUg tyf k|flslts k|sf]k lgoGq0f / /fxt tyf k'glg{df{0f
ko{6g, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{
rnlrq, l;g]df xn;DaGwL, v]ns"b
jLdf
u/LaL lgjf/0f / cf}Bf]lus/0f
j}1flgs cg';Gwfg, lj1fgk|ljlw / dfgj;+;fwgljsf;
cGt/k|fb]lzs ¿kdf km}lnPsf] hËn, hËnL hgfj/, r/fr'?ËL, lxdfn, /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf hn
pkof]u
e"ldgLlt / e"ld;DaGwL sfg"g
;+3 / k|b]zsf] ;femf clwsf/sf] ;"rL
qm=;= ljifox?
kmf}hbf/L tyf b]jfgL sfo{ljlw / k|df0f / zky -sfg'gL dfGotf, ;fj{hlgs sfo{ /
clen]v / Goflos k|lqmof_
cfjZos j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] cfk"lt{, ljt/0f, d"No lgoGq0f, u'0f:t/ / cg'udg
b]zsf] ;'/Iff;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf lgjf/s gh/aGb, sf/fuf/ tyf lx/f;t Joj:yfkg/ zflGt ;'/Iffsf]
Joj:yf
Ps k|b]zaf6 csf]{ k|b]zdf cleo'Qm, y'g'jf / s}bLsf] :yfgfGt/0f
kfl/jfl/s dfldnf -ljjfx, ;DklQ x:tfGt/0f, ;DaGw ljR5]b, nf]kf]Gd'v, 6'x'/f, wd{k'q,pQ/flwsf/ /
;+o'Qm kl/jf/_ ;DaGwL sfg'g
;DklQ k|flKt, clwu|x0f / clwsf/sf] ;[hgf
s/f/, ;xsf/L, ;fem]bf/L / Ph]G;L ;DaGwL
6f6 kN6]sf] / bfdf;fxL ;DaGwL
cf}iflw / ljifflb
of]hgf, kl/jf/ lgof]hg / hg;+Vof lgoGq0f
;fdflhs ;'/Iff / /f]huf/L, 6«]8 o'lgog, cf}Bf]lus ljjfb, dhb"/sf xs, clwsf/ /ljjfb ;DaGwL sfo{
lrlsT;f, sfg'g Joj;foL / cGo k]zf
JolQmut 36gf, tYof+s, hGd, d[To' btf{
hndfu{, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, h}ljs ljljwtf
;~rf/ dfWod ;DaGwL
k'/ftTj, k|frLg :df/s / ;+u|xfno ;+/If0f ;DaGwL
pBf]u tyf vlgh / ef}lts k"jf{wf/
Sofl;gf], lr77f, ;jf/L ;fwg cg'dlt
k|fs[lts tyf u}/ k|fs[lts ljkb k"j{ tof/L, p2f/ tyf /fxt / k'gnf{e
ko{6g, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO
rnlrq, l;g]df xn, v]ns"b
aLdf
ul/aL lgjf/0f / cf}Bf]lus/0f
j}1flgs cg';Gwfg, lj1fg k|ljlw / dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;
cGt/k|fb]lzs ¿kdf km}lnPsf] hËn, hËnL hgfj/, r/fr'?ËL, lxdfn, /fli6«o lgs'~htyf hn pkof]u
e"ld gLlt / ;f] ;DaGwL sfg'g
7/24/2015
Devkota 79

Khimlal Devkota's Analysis of Nepal's Draft Constitution

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