1. PLANT OPERATION IN URDU
CENTRAL POWER GENERATION CO. LTD
GENCO-II
TRAINING CENTER TPS GUDDU
BASICS OF POWER
BY
KHALID AYAZ SOOMRO
INSTRUCTOR OPERATION/ (INTERN ENGINEERS)
TRAINING CENTER TPS, GUDDU

7. SAFETY & HEALTH
GOALS
The following goals have been
established for XYZ Company:
(1) Provide workers with a safe work
environment.
(2) Conduct routine/regular
workplace inspections.
(3) Provide Personal Protective
Equipment.
(4) Develop and implement safe
work procedures and rules.
(5) Provide on-going safety training
(6) Enforce safety rules and
appropriate discipline.
(7) Provide on-going property
conservation practices.

8. SAFETY RULES
All safety rules must be obeyed. Failure to do so will
result in strict disciplinary action.
All injuries must be reported as soon as
possible.
No horseplay, alcohol, or drugs allowed on
premises.
No alcohol usage allowed during lunch
break.
PPE must be worn as prescribed by
management.
All tools/equipment must be maintained in
All tools/equipment must be maintained in
good condition.
Only appropriate tools shall be used for
specific jobs.
All guards must be kept in place.
No spliced electrical cords/wiring allowed.
Only authorized personnel can operate forklift
vehicles.
Smoking allowed only in lunchroom.
Seat belt use required of all
drivers/passengers.

25. Power Plant
Power Plant
Conventional
Power Plant
Conventional
Power Plant
Hydel Power Plant
Non-Conventional
Power Plant
Non-Conventional
Power Plant
Thermal Power Plant
Thermal Power Plant
Steam Power Plant
Combined Cycle Power Plant
Gas Turbine Power Plant
Diesel Power Plant
Steam Power Plant
Combined Cycle Power Plant
Gas Turbine Power Plant
Diesel Power Plant
Hydel Power Plant
Hydel Power Plant
Low Head Power Plant
Medium Head Power Plant
High Head Power Plant
Run of River Power Plant
Low Head Power Plant
Medium Head Power Plant
High Head Power Plant
Run of River Power Plant
Nuclear Power Plant
Solar Power Plant
Tidal Power Plant
Nuclear Power Plant
Solar Power Plant
Tidal Power Plant
Geo Thermal Power Plant
Wind Power Plant
Bio-mass Power Plant
Geo Thermal Power Plant
Wind Power Plant
Bio-mass Power Plant

51. • GAS TURBINE PREPERATION / CHECKS BEFORE STARTING
• 1- Auxilary power supply 6.6kv ON (internal/external)source for all equepment which are in
servece before strating .
• 2- DC power supplt for control and protection system ON (thrugh Rectifire) and batteries on
stand by position
• 3- No any PTW are in Panding
• 4- Clearence from all maintanence sections
• 5- Check all Mechanical,Instrumentations,and Electrical Equepments are ready for
operation
• 6- Cooling Water circuit are in operation
• 7- Lube oil circuit are in operation and lube oil Temp >35c and turning Gear On
• 7- Lube oil circuit are in operation and lube oil Temp >35c and turning Gear On
• 8-Checke no any Leakage,Vibration,rubbing Noise and over Heating occures
• 9- Filtter house ready for operation
• 10-Anounciator pannel clear no any indication persists
• 11- Fuel (Gas/ Oil) raedy for operation
• 12-H2/Air cooling and sealing system ON
• 13- Gas Turbine Ready For operatoin indication ON.

52. GAS TURBINE STRARTING PROCEDURE
OF GE WITH RELAYS AND SIEMENS WITH SPEED (STARTING PROCEDURE ALMOST
SAME )
A- GT Ready for operation indication ON
B-Operation mode selector put on Generator and indication must on Generator
C-Master Control selector ON AUTO
D-Synchronizing Selector put on AUTO/Manual
E-Load selector put on BASE LOAD/PEAK LOAD
F- Fuel slector put on GAS/OIL
G-Give strart pulse to master control and starting sequence start
1- starting sequence progress On and ready to start Light OFF
2-14HR relay Light ON and Starting Divice Energize ( it meanse no Zero speed )
3-14HM relay Light On (it meanse speed at 16%)
- speadtronice signal
-for( GCE) for gas and (LCE )for oil , values on for ignition
-IGNITION SEQUENCE ON and Flame detector light ON
-IGNITION SEQUENCE ON and Flame detector light ON
GCE/LCE values decreased up to warm up value for warm up time before
acceleration
4- GCE/LCE values increased for Acceleration speed
5-Accceleration control/speed control light ON
6- 14HA relay light ON (when speed at 50%
-Feild braeker ON for feild flashing
7-14HC relay light ON (when speed at 70%) and Starting Divice Disengage s
8-14HS lrelay light ON -Auxilary Lube oil pump OFF and Axilary Hydrulic pump
OFF
9-Starting Sequence Complet light ON
10-m/c Synchronized through AUTO/Manual
-Spnning Reserve Load On (That is 5 to 8MW)
11- GT Laoding start according to gradient select (normal gradient
11MW/minute and fast gradie

53. NOTE:- During Inital operation Master Control Switch put on Crank,Fire ,and Auto
to check the Leakages, Rubbing Noise,Overheating.from Lubrication,Automizing
air,fuel gas manifold ,fuel oil, flow devider,cumustion chamber
/combustors,crossfire tube,Liner
check all these things during start up sequence from diffrent comportments.

58. Steam Turbine
Steam turbine is a prime mover that drives its energy of rotation due to
conversion of heat energy of steam into kinetic energy as it expands through a
series of nozzles mounted on the casing or produced by the fixed blades.
That machine converts heat energy into mechanical energy called steam
turbine.
Definition of a steam turbine?
A steam turbine is a prime mover that derives its energy of rotation
due to conversion of the heat energy of steam into kinetic energy as it
due to conversion of the heat energy of steam into kinetic energy as it
expands through a series of nozzles mounted on the casing or
produced by the fixed blades.
1-Neilson defines it: The turbine is a machine in which a rotary motion
is obtained by the gradual change of the momentum of the fluid.
2-Graham's definition: The turbine is a prime mover in which a rotary
motion is obtained by the centrifugal force brought into action by changing
the direction of a jet of a fluid (steam) escaping from the nozzle at high
velocity.

59. Ts diagram of a typical Rankine cycle operating between pressures of
0.06bar and 50bar
There are four processes in the Rankine cycle. These states are identified by
numbers (in brown) in the above Ts diagram.
 Process 1-2: The working fluid is pumped from low to high pressure. As the fluid
is a liquid at this stage the pump requires little input energy.
 Process 2-3: The high pressure liquid enters a boiler where it is heated at
constant pressure by an external heat source to become a dry saturated
vapor. The input energy required can be easily calculated using mollier
vapor. The input energy required can be easily calculated using mollier
diagram or h-s chart or enthalpy-entropy chart also known as steam tables.
 Process 3-4: The dry saturated vapor expands through a turbine, generating
power. This decreases the temperature and pressure of the vapor, and some
condensation may occur. The output in this process can be easily calculated
using the Enthalpy-entropy chart or the steam tables.
 Process 4-1: The wet vapor then enters a condenser where it is condensed at
a constant temperature to become a saturated liquid.

94. • Synchronization
• When do different electrical systems are coupled together it is called synchronization or to connect the generator with system.
•
• There are three main aspects during synchronization
•
• Generator and system voltage should be same.
• Generator and system frequency should be same.
• Generator and system phase angle should be equal.
•
• Thus, if above three conditions are equal then generator should be synchronized with system
•
• Advantages of A.C Generator
• Field winding on rotor
• Less insulation
• Weight of rotor less
• Easy to retain centrifugal force
• Size of rotor is smaller
• High voltage on rotor
• High voltage on rotor
• Transmission of voltage is easy
• Easy cooling system
•
• Generator protections
• Generator differential protection
• Generator over current protection
• Stator earth fault protection
• Rotor earth fault protection
• Under excitation protection
• Reverse power protection generator motoring
• Negative phase sequence protection… system unbalance
• Over / under frequency protection
• Breaker pole failure protection
• Synchronous check protection “When you system supply is dead and you are the 1st one in the system.. no need of
synchronization”
• Over excitation

104. D.C Supply
As we all know that AC supply can’t be stored. Thus the back systems in power houses are used built on
DC supply system. It is a stand by source of electricity available at every movement in shape of storage
batteries in order to protect our main system to damage.
•Importance of DC supply
All the control and protection system is based on DC supply. Usually the AC supply is converted to DC
through rectifier. Further battery bank is also used which is charge through rectifier. This DC produced by
battery bank is used in emergency when AC is not available. Moreover, during charging the chemical
energy converts into electrical energy.
•Different parts of DC supply
•Rectifier
•Battery charger
•Battery cell 24VDC or 220VDC
•Kinds of batteries
There are so many kinds of batteries; however below mentioned are the one
who have been chosen on their type of material and electrode.
•Lead acid batteries
•Nickel cadmium alkaline batteries
•Nickel cadmium alkaline batteries
Nickel iron alkaline batteries
•Use of battery if power station
•Control of electrical equipment
•Open / close of breakers
•Position indicators
•Emergency lights
•Field flashing
•Control and protection system
•Emergency pumps
Note: The charge battery has 11% water and 89% sulphuric acid and when it
discharged it become 15% sulphric acid and 15% water.

105. •Thank You for
Your Time and
Attention !!!!
If you Gets Some Points
Please Remember Me
in your Prayers

106. KHALID AYAZ SOOMRO
INSTRUCTOR OPERATION/ (INTERN ENGINEERS)
TRAINING CENTER TPS, GUDDU
REGARDS: