3. Cultural background
relating to the ideas, customs, and
social behavior of a society.
Sociological
▪ relating to, or characteristic of sociology and its methodology
▪ dealing with social questions or problems, especially focusing
on cultural and environmental factors rather than on
psychological or personal characteristics
6. Nationality
- Legal status, which represents the country from which an
individual belongs.
- An individual’s nationality denotes, the country where
he/she is born and are the legal citizen.
Citizenship
- status acquired by becoming a registered member of the
state by law. Any person can become a member of the state
by satisfying the legal requirements of the respective
country.
7. BASIS FOR
COMPARISON
NATIONALITY CITIZENSHIP
Meaning
• Nationality is the individual
membership that shows a
person's relationship with
the state.
• Citizenship is the political
status, which states that
the person is recognized
as a citizen of the
country.
Concept • Ethnic or racial. • Legal or juristic.
Represents
• The place or country where
the individual has taken
birth.
• Individual is registered as
a citizen by the
government of the
country.
Ways • Birth and Inheritance
Birth, Inheritance, Marriage,
Naturalization, etc.
Can it be changed? No Yes
Can it be reversed? It is innate. It can be reversed.
Can it be possible to have
nationality/citizenship of
multiple countries?
No, a person can be national
of only one country.
Yes, a person can become a
citizen of more than one
country.
8. Principles of acquiring
Citizenship
• Jus Sanguinis
- right of blood
• Jus Soli
- "right of the soil”
- birth right citizenship
• Naturalization
- is the legal act or process by which a
non-citizen in a country may acquire
citizenship or nationality of that country.
9. Jure Matrimonii
-naturalization based on the marriage
of a person to a citizen.
- Countries which are destinations for
such immigration often have regulations to
try to detect sham marriages, where a citizen
marries a non-citizen typically for payment,
without them having the intention of living
together.
10. Ethnicity
- Greek word “ethnos” means folk
- a cultural group that share specific ancestral,
language, environment ,and traditions.
- ethnic group ( ancestral , language
and culture)
- social group ( wealth, age and hobbies)
11. Ethnicity in the Philippines
- 175 ethno linguistic nations ( Austronesian
language in origin)
- divided into Highland and lowland ethno linguistic
nations
a. lowland ethnolinquistic
- Bicolano- Bicol
- Gaddang ad Ibanag – Cagayan Valley
- Ivatan- Batanes
- Sambal- Zambales
- Subanon- largest lumad ( non muslim/ christian
indigenous) Mindanao
- Tagalog- Manila
- Visayas and Zaboangueño
12. b. Highland Ethnolingistic group
Batak- Northern Palawan
Igorot- CAR
Lumad- Davao, Caraga
Mangyan- Mindoro
Tagbanua- Quezon and Puerto Prinsesa,
Palawan
Tumandok – Panay
c Immigrants
Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, americans and
indians
14. “Everyone has the right to a nationality. No one shall be
arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to
change his nationality.” With those succinct statements,
Article 15 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights
confers upon every individual, everywhere in the world, the
right to have a legal connection with a State. Citizenship or
nationality just as they usually are in international law) not
only provides people with a sense of identity, it entitles
individuals to the protection of a State and to many civil and
political rights. Indeed, citizenship has been described as
“the right to have rights.”
15.
16. “Individuals who lack a nationality or an effective
citizenship are therefore among the world’s most
vulnerable to human rights violations”.
17.
18. Nationality laws in 25 countries worldwide prevent
women from passing their nationality to their
children on an equal basis with men. Roughly 50
countries deny women equal rights with men in
their ability to acquire, change or retain their
nationality, or to confer nationality on non-national
spouses.
• This discrimination results in wide-ranging
human rights violations, violates international
law - and many of these countries' constitutions -
and inhibits sustainable development.
19. • Citizenship and national identity are shifting in a
globalizing world. An increasing number of people
carry two or more passports and affluent citizens
travel, study and work in multiple lands. Mass
migration means that the poor as well as the rich
have ties to more than one nation. What does
citizenship mean when passports for many
countries can be purchased outright and some
people even hold elected office in more than one
country simultaneously? Clearly, citizenship and
national identity are changing -- a sign that the
nation state is itself in flux as an "imagined
community."
20.
21. 1: RESOLVE EXISTING MAJOR SITUATIONS OF
STATELESSNESS
Goal: All major non-refugee statelessness
situations resolved.
2: ENSURE THAT NO CHILD IS BORN STATELESS
Goal: All States have a provision in their
nationality laws to grant nationality to stateless
children born in their territory.
22. 3: REMOVE GENDER DISCRIMINATION FROM
NATIONALITY LAWS
Goal: All States have nationality laws which
treat women and men equally with regard to
conferral of nationality to their children and with
regard to the acquisition, change and retention of
nationality.
4: PREVENT DENIAL , LOSS OR DEPRIVATION OF
NATIONALITY ON DISCRIMINATORY GROUNDS
Goal: No States have nationality laws which
permit denial, loss or deprivation of nationality on
discriminatory grounds.
23. 5: PREVENT STATELESSNESS IN CASES OF STATE
SUCCESSION
Goal: No cases of statelessness due to future
situations of State succession.
6: GRANT PROTECTION STATUS TO STATELESS
MIGRANTS AND FACILITATE THEIR NATURALIZATION
Goal: 70 States identify stateless migrants through
determination procedures which lead to a legal status
that permits residence and guarantees the enjoyment
of basic human rights, and facilitate naturalization.
24. 7: ENSURE BIRTH REGISTRATION FOR THE PREVENTION
OF STATELESSNESS
Goal: No reported cases of statelessness due to a
lack of birth registration.
8: ISSUE NATIONALITY DOCUMENTATION TO THOSE
WITH ENTITLEMENT TO IT
Goal: No States have populations which are entitled
to nationality under law but which cannot acquire
documentary proof of nationality
25. 10: IMPROVE QUANTITATIVE AND
QUALITATIVE DATA ON STATELESS
POPULATIONS
Goal: Quantitative data on stateless
populations is publicly available for 150 States.
9: ACCEDE TO THE UN STATELESSNESS
CONVENTIONS
Goal: 140 States are party to the 1954
Convention relating to the Status of Stateless
Persons
