grade 10 notes for plant tissues

1. PLANT TISSUES
Grade 10 Life Sciences (Term 2)

2. Objectives
Learners will be able to:
 Define a tissue
 Differentiate between meristematic and permanent tissues
 List the permanent tissues and give their location and function

3. Plant Tissues
• Cells in multicellular organism become different by changing shape and structure
• This is cell differentiation
• they become specialised to a certain job or function
• A group of specialised cells that perform one or more particular functions is called
tissue
• Tissue is a group of similar cells for a particular function
• The structure and function of a tissue have a strong relationship (structural
adaptation)

4. Types of plant tisuues
• Plant have two types of tissues
Meristematic Tissue – refers to those that acticly dividing by mitosis to form new cells
• they are undifferentiated_ they do not differentiate to perfom any other specific function
Permanent tissues – arise from cells formed by mitosis from the meristematic tissue
that have differentiated so that they have a particular structure suited to the particular
role

6. Meristematic tissues
Apical meristem
• Located on the tips of roots and
stems
• Through cell division they produce
new cells for growth, repair and
replacement of worn-out/damaged
tissue
Lateral meristem
• Found between xylem and phloem
in the vascular bundles of stems
• Through cell division they produce
new cells for growth, repair and
replacement of worn-out/damaged
tissue

7. Permanent tissues
• Epidermis/ Epidermal tissue
 Lines the surfaces of roots, stems and
leaves
 Their main function is to protect
plant organs
 May be modified to form guard cells
which controls the stomatal opening
 Or root hair cells which absorbs
water and minerals

8. Permanent Tissues continued
• Collenchyma
 Found in stems and leaves
 They function to provide strength and
support to the aerial parts of the
plants

9. Permanent Tissues continued
• Parenchyma
 Fills up the large spaces between
other tissues in roots and stems
 They serve as packing tissue; stores
food in the form of starch and other
sugars; allow for movement of water
and gases through their intercellular
spaces

10. Permanent Tissues continued
• Chlorenchyma
Found in leaves
Contain chlorophyll for the
manufacture of organic compounds
such as glucose by photosynthesis

11. Permanent Tissues continued
• Sclerenchyma
Found in leaves stems, roots and fruit
of plants
Provides mechanical support to the
plant

12. Permanent Tissues continued
• Xylem
Found in leaves, stems and roots
Contains vessels and tracheids
Transport water and minerals through
the plant
Provides support and strength to the
plant

13. Permanent Tissues continued
Phloem
• Found in leaves, stems and roots
• Contains sieve tubes and companion
cells
• Transports manufactured food from
the leaves to all pars of the plant