The document details the process and advantages of hybrid breeding, which involves crossing different plant species to create hybrid varieties with desirable traits. It outlines the steps of hybridization, from selection of parents to crossing and harvesting F1 seeds, along with types of hybrids such as single cross, three-way, and double cross. Additionally, it highlights specific hybrid varieties, including nutrient-rich maize, black rice with anti-carcinogenic properties, and various hybrid tomatoes and watermelons.

2. Hybrid and Hybrid Breeding-
 Hybrid - Hybrid is formed by
combining the qualities of
two different breeds, species
or genera through sexual
reproduction.
 Hybrid Plant- A plant that
has been produced from 2
different types of plant.
 Hybrid Breeding-When two
different plants are crossed
together to produce a new
hybrid variety, it is called as
Hybrid Breeding.
 Advantages- In most of the
cases, the hybrids are better
than parental ones.

3. Process of Hybrid Breeding-
 Hybridization-It is the process
of crossing two genetically
different individuals to result
in a new individual with
different traits.
 Objectives-1-To create genetic
variation.
2- To combine the desired
characters into a single
individual.
Types- 1-Intervarietal
Hybridization.
2- Distant Hybridization.

4. Procedure of
Hybridization-
1. Selection of Parents- It
depends upon the aims and
objectives of breeding.
2. Selfing of Parents to induce
homozygosity.
3. Emasculation –
 Removal of stamens from
female parent to prevent self
pollination.
 It is done usually in the
evening and cross is made
in the next morning.
 During emasculation
gynoecium should be intact .
 The anthers are removed by
forceps.

5. Emasculation-
Thevetia peruviana Anthers and
stigma of
Thevetia
Stamens are
removed.

6. 2-Bagging-The emasculated
flower is immediately bagged
to prevent cross pollination
by any foreign pollen.
3-Tagging- The bagged flower is
tagged by label.
4-Crossing- In the next morning
the desired pollen is placed
on the stigma of
emasculated flowers to bring
about fertilization.
5-Harvesting and sorting of F1
seeds.
6-Raising the F1 generation.
Bagging
Tagging

7. Types Of Hybrid-
1- Single Cross Hybrid-
Hybrid formed by a cross
between 2 varieties.
2- Three Way Cross Hybrid-
Hybrid formed by a cross
between single cross
hybrid and an inbred.
3- Double Cross Hybrid-
Hybrid formed by a cross
between 2 different single
cross hybrids.

9. Some Important Hybrid Varieties-
 Maize- Researchers at IARI
(Indian Agricultural
Research Institute) have
developed a maize variety
which is rich in Vitamin A
and essential amino acids.
 Other varieties- Pusa
composite 4 –Tolerant to
foliar diseases.
 Black Rice- Black rice is
sold in local markets for as
much as Rs 300 / kg.
 It has anti carcinogenic
properties and has high
nutritional value.

10.  Tomato- Hybrid tomatoes
have more flesh and more
shelf life.
 They have less seeds ,so less
oxalate content.
 Watermelon-
1. Saraswati- Fleshy deep red,
delicious , sugar content 12-
14%.
2. Kiran –Has smooth dark
green rind. Sweet in taste.
3. Yellow Doll watermelon–
Very sweet , yellow colored
due to presence of Beta
Carotene.
HYBRID TOMATOES.
SARASWATI
KIRAN
Yellow Doll
Watermelon

11. THANKS…
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