Vertical transmission is the most common way HIV is spread in children, accounting for over 90% of pediatric HIV cases. Without treatment, vertical transmission rates vary by country from 12-30% in the US and Europe to 25-52% in Africa and Haiti. Transmission can occur during pregnancy, childbirth, or postnatally through breastfeeding. Treatment of HIV-infected children is complicated and requires a multidisciplinary team. The current trend is to use at least three antiretroviral drugs selected based on factors like clinical presentation, age, CD4 count, viral load, tolerability, interactions and availability.

1. UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL
“PEDRO RUIZ GALLO”
RESEARCH IN PEDIATRICS

2. INTRODUCTION

3. HIV
TRANSMISSION
SEXUAL PARENTERAL VERTICAL
CONTACT CONTACT WITH TRANSMISSION FROM
BLOOD MOTHER TO CHILD
Most important
mechanism of
infection, responsible
for over 90% of cases.

4. The vertical transmission rate, without
therapeutic intervention, varies in
different countries:
The United States and
Europe between 12
and 30%.
In Africa and Haiti is
higher, between 25
and 52%.

5. Vertical transmission can occur during
pregnancy (intrauterine), during labor and
childbirth (intrapartum), or in the postnatal
period, through breastfeeding.

6. It is given by transfusion of
blood and blood
products, risk is virtually
nonexistent today because
all donated blood is
subjected to analysis and
risk donors are discarded.
In child sexual contact
transmission is rare, but
there is risk of infection
through sexual abuse.

7. TREATMENT
Treatment of HIV-infected children is complicated by all family and social
issues involved.
Is important to have a multidisciplinary team, involving nurse, social
worker, physiotherapist, nutritionist and, if possible, a psychiatrist or
psychologist.

8. The specialty of Pediatrics
focuses its activities on the
diagnosis and treatment
of diseases of children
from birth through
adolescence.

9. Pediatric
Neonatology Neurology
Pediatric Pediatric
Nephrology
Cardiology Pediatric
Infectious
Diseases

10. vaccines
In
children should receive vaccinations example
expanded immunization program (EPI) BCG vaccine
according to the usual pattern
also
It´s recommends the use of other
vaccines
pneumococcal
infections
influenza
hepatitis B

11. Respect of antiretroviral therapy, the decision at the
beginning of this therapy is based on several aspects such
as clinical manifestations, the child's age, the CD4 recount
and viral load.

12. The present tendency is
to use at least three
drugs, whose selection
would be considered
oral tolerance to the
drug, its presentation, its
interaction with other
drugs, toxic effects, and
most importantly, the
availability of the drug at
the time.

13. At present, there are a
number of available
antiretroviral drugs
with different
mechanisms of
action, several of them
accepted for pediatric
use.

14. THANK YOU