The document defines key terms related to waves, including sinusoidal waves, crests, troughs, amplitude, wavelength, frequency, period, electromagnetic waves, and the electromagnetic spectrum. A sinusoidal wave is a continuous wave that occurs in mathematics and physics. A crest is the maximum point of a wave cycle, while a trough is the minimum point. Amplitude is the distance from the rest position to the crest. Wavelength is the distance between successive crests, and frequency is the number of waves passing a point per second. Period is the time for one full cycle. Electromagnetic waves can travel through space and are created by vibrating charges. The electromagnetic spectrum refers collectively to the range of frequencies and wavelengths of electromagnetic

1. WAVES AROUND YOU

12. Sinusoidal wave
A sine wave is a continuous wave. It is named after the
function sine, of which it is the graph. It occurs often in pure
and applied mathematics, as well as physics, engineering,
signal processing and many other fields.

13. Crest Wave
A crest is the point on a wave with the maximum value or
upward displacement within a cycle. A crest is a point on the wave
where the displacement of the medium is at a maximum

14. Trough Wave
A trough is the opposite of a crest, so
the minimum or lowest point in a cycle. A point on the
wave is a trough if the displacement of the medium at
that point is at a minimum.

15. Amplitute Wave
Amplitude is the distance from the rest position to
the crest position which is half the vertical distance
from a trough to a crest.

16. Wavelength
The distance between successive crests of a wave,
especially points in a sound wave or electromagnetic
wave.

17. Frequency
The frequency, f, of a wave is the number of waves
passing a point in a certain time. We normally use a
time of one second, so this gives frequency the unit
hertz (Hz), since one hertz is equal to one wave per
second.

18. Period
A Time period (denoted by 'T' ) is the time needed
for one complete cycle of vibration to pass a given
point. As the frequency of a wave increases, the time
period of the wave decreases.

19. Electromagnetic Wave
Electromagnetic waves are waves which can
travel through the vacuum of outer space.
Mechanicalwaves, unlike electromagnetic waves,
require the presence of a material medium in order to
transport their energy from one location to another.
...Electromagnetic waves are created by the vibration
of an electric charge.

21. Electromagnetic Spectrum
The electromagnetic spectrum is a collective
term; referring to the entire range and scope of
frequencies of electromagnetic radiation and their
respective, associated photon wavelengths.