This document provides an overview of human senses and perception from an artificial intelligence perspective. It discusses how human senses like sight, sound, touch, taste and smell work and their limitations. It also compares human senses to those of other animals, noting some animals can sense things like magnetism, infrared radiation or ultra-sounds that humans cannot. The document emphasizes that our perceptions are shaped by our sensory abilities, and discusses how sensing might differ for an artificial system versus biological senses.

1. CIIC#5995&100#/#ICOM#5995&100
Human#Perspective#in#Artificial#Intelligence#
(HPAI)
Professor'José'Meléndez,'PhD
https://zoom.us/j/163405287
“All our knowledge begins with the senses, proceeds then to the
understanding, and ends with reason. There is nothing higher than reason.”
! Immanuel Kant (1724!1804)

2. NEXT%CLASS
SAME%DATE:%February%6,%2019
SAME%TIME:%4:30PM%– 5:45PM
ONLINE%ONLY:%
https://zoom.us/j/612405776
NO%OFFICE%HOURS%THIS%WEDNESDAY
ASK%QUESTIONS%ON%PIAZZA.
https://zoom.us/j/612405776
IMPORTANT%ANNOUNCEMENT

3. Last%Time
Reality:
• The$“Environment”$is$Reality
• Our$“Representations”$of$our$
Observable Environment$Create$
Our$Realities

4. How$Can$We$Observe$Reality?
Things'that'are'Real:
• Exist independently,of,our,observations.
• Occur independently,of,our,observations.
• Are,as,they,are,independently,of,our,observations.
Observations'through'Sensing:
• Passive Observation,involves,natural,Energy,Conversion(s)
• Active Sensing,makes,use,of,Environmental,Excitation

5. Next%Up
• Sensing
• What+is+Sensible?
• Human+Types
• Limitations
• Non+Humans
• Passive+vs+Active
• Sound+Sensing
• Light+Sensing

6. Sense%– Select%Definitions
• Noun:
• The faculty of perceiving by means of sense organs
• A specialized function or mechanism (such as sight,
hearing, smell, taste, touch, or interoception) by
which an animal receives and responds to external or
internal stimuli (energy).
• Verb:
• To perceive by the senses
• To be or become conscious of
• To detect automatically in response to stimulus
Adapted@from:@https://www.merriamBwebster.com/dictionary/sense

7. Importance+of+Senses
• Imagine(a(person(who(was(born(without(senses(of(any(
kind((internal(or(external).

8. Importance+of+Senses
• Imagine(a(person(who(was(born(without(senses(of(any(
kind((internal(or(external):
• Could&such&a&person&know&they&exist?

9. Importance+of+Senses
• Imagine(a(person(who(was(born(without(senses(of(any(
kind((internal(or(external):
• Could(such(a(person(know(they(exist?
• Would&such&a&person&experience&emotions?

10. Importance+of+Senses
• Imagine(a(person(who(was(born(without(senses(of(any(
kind((internal(or(external):
• Could(such(a(person(know(they(exist?
• Would(such(a(person(experience(emotions?
• How$many$senses$are$necessary$to$experience$emotions?

11. Importance+of+Senses
• Imagine(a(person(who(was(born(without(senses(of(any(
kind((internal(or(external):
• Could(such(a(person(know(they(exist?
• Would(such(a(person(experience(emotions?
• How(many(senses(are(necessary(to(experience(emotions?
• Could&such&a&person&exhibit&general&intelligence?

12. Importance+of+Senses
• Imagine(a(person(who(was(born(without(senses(of(any(
kind((internal(or(external):
• Could(such(a(person(know(they(exist?
• Would(such(a(person(experience(emotions?
• How(many(senses(are(necessary(to(experience(emotions?
• Could(such(a(person(exhibit(general(intelligence?
• How$many$senses$are$necessary$for$general$intelligence?

13. What%is%Sensible?
• Forces'
• Electromagnetic'Energy
• Biochemical'interactions
• Thermal'Energy
• Electrical'Energy
• Anything(else?

14. Human&Types&of&Sensing
• Forces'
• Touch,'Hearing,'Interoception
• Electromagnetic'Energy
• Sight
• Biochemical'interactions
• Taste,'Smell,'Interoception
• Thermal'Energy
• Touch'or'Interoception?
• Electrical'Energy
• Touch,'Taste

15. Next%Up
• Sensing
• Limitations
• Non-Humans
• Passive-vs-Active

16. Sound
https://api.intechopen.com/media/chapter/41410/media/image1.png
• Vibrational8Forces8
• Humans8hear8miniscule8fraction8of8sonic8spectrum
• Humans8can8hear8sound8frequencies8from8about8208– 20KHz
• Higher8sonic8frequencies8travel8less8distances8in8air

17. Sight
• Electromagnetic-(EM)-Energy-
• Humans-see-miniscule-fraction-of-EM-Spectrum
• Approximately-380-– 740-nanometers;-430-– 770-Tera-(1012)-Hertz
https://www.geo.arizona.edu/xtal/nats101/6_11.jpg

18. Touch
• Forces'affect'humans'in'a'variety'of'ways
• Hairs'increase'sensitivity
https://i.stack.imgur.com/R3j0G.jpg

19. Touch
https://i.stack.imgur.com/POXi6.jpg
• What7is7the7lightest7you7can7feel?
• Chicken7Feather:70.00037ounces
• Strong7Hurricane:71,6007ounces/ft^2
• Strongest7Human:718,4807ounces
• Empty77477Jet:76,300,0007ounces
• Earth:7208,170,000,000,000,000,000,000,0007ounces

20. Taste
• The$average$person$has$about$10,000$taste$buds.
• Catfish$have$over$100,000$taste$buds$all$over$their$bodies.
• Chickens$have$about$24$taste$buds.
https://www.livescience.com/32970DwhatDanimalDhasDtheDbestDsenseDofDtaste.html

21. Smell
• Human’s(smell(miniscule(fraction(of(available(smells
• Probably(a(good(thing…
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CJFeJMJUYAAcEF1.jpg

22. Interoception*– The*key*to*emotions?
A"lessor"known"subjective"sense from"the"inside"
of"your"body"by"way"of"receptors"in"your"organs."
Interoception"is"important"for"self<awareness.
Khalsa, S. S., and Lapidus, R. C. (2016). Can interoception
improve the pragmatic search for biomarkers in psychiatry? Front.
Psychiatry 7:121. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00121
• It’s"personal.
• Pain
• Hunger
• Full
• Thirst
• Discomfort
• Tiredness
• Headache
• Bladder"fullness
• Itch
• Heartburn

23. Animal'Standouts
• Our$perceptions$of$reality$are$heavily$influenced$by$
our$senses.
• We$have$senses$in$common$with$other$animals.
• Yet$some$animals$have$very$different$senses$too.
• How$would$we$perceive$the$world$if$we$had$the$
senses$of$these$animals?

24. A"big"nose…
Elephants can+smell+water+sources+12+miles+away.
https://www.metro.pr/pr/noticias/2018/08/07/rechazan<traslado<elefante<mundi<del<zoologico<mayaguez.html

25. Electroreception
The$Platypus detects$the$electrical$impulses$of$its$prey.
https://www.bioexplorer.net/animals;with;best;sensors.html/

26. Infrared(Detection
Some%Snakes can%see%infrared%(thermal)%radiation%emitted%from%their%prey.
https://www.bioexplorer.net/animals<with<best<sensors.html/

27. Polarized*Vision
The$Octopus can$control$the$intensity$of$light$incident$upon$it’s$vision$sensors.
https://www.bioexplorer.net/animals>with>best>sensors.html/

28. Chemical)Smoke)Sensors
The$Jewel$Beetle can$smell$tree$smoke$50$miles$away$.
https://www.bioexplorer.net/animals<with<best<sensors.html/

29. Magnetism*Sensors
Honey&Bees&can&sense&the&Earth’s&magnetic&field.
https://www.bioexplorer.net/animals=with=best=sensors.html/

30. Soft%Touch%Sensors
Spiders taste*and*smell*using*organs*on*their*legs,*and*“feel”*vibrations*through*their*hairs.
https://www.bioexplorer.net/animals=with=best=sensors.html/

31. Active'vs.'Passive'“Sensing”:'Echolocations
Bats vocalize,sounds,that,bounce,off,objects.,
https://www.bioexplorer.net/animals<with<best<sensors.html/

32. Next%Up%– Real%&%Artificial%Human%Senses
• Sound&Sensing
• Light&Sensing
• Touch&Sensing&
• Smell&Sensing
• Taste&Sensing
• Internal&Sensing

33. Sound&Sensing&– The&Human&Ear
https://youtu.be/7O/adw/HyrQ
Video&Describing&the&Process&of&Hearing&and&How&it&Works
(Available&on&Moodle)