Recap; Introduction to Touch and Interoception

1. CIIC#5995&100#/#ICOM#5995&100
Human#Perspective#in#Artificial#Intelligence#
(HPAI)
Professor'José'Meléndez,'PhD
https://zoom.us/j/595355370
“…to feel touch, after years of going without it, is very meaningful. It makes a
huge difference. It means I can feel my kid’s touch. It makes all the difference in
the world.”
! Christopher Reeve (1952!2004)

2. Next%Up
• Ears%&%Eyes%vs.%Taste%&%Smell
• OPEN%Q/A%FOR%EXAM%PREP
• Touch%Sensing
• External
• Interoception%(Internal)

3. Compare(&(Contrast
Eyes%&%Ears Tongue/Nose
How%are%they%alike?
1.%They%take%a%sensible%phenomenon%and%convert%into%electrical%signals.%
2.%They%all%have%“receptors”.
3.%They%all%result%in%information%to%the%brain.
4.%All%dependent%on%“physical”%phenomenon%to%function.
5.%All%have%applicable%ranges.
1.%Requires%“thing”%to%be%close/in%contact.
2.%Depend%strongly%on%each%other
3.%Biochemical%interactions
4.%Still%being%understood
5.%“Signatures”
1.%Remote%information
2.%%Perceptions%may%be%separated.
3.%Computer%sensing%versions%used%regularly
4.%Waves%(including%vibrations
5.%Shapes…
How%are%they%different?

4. Next%Up
• OPEN%Q/A%FOR%EXAM%PREP
• Touch%Sensing
• External
• Interosensing%(Internal)

5. UPCOMING)IMPORTANT)DATES
• Exam%#1:
• Will$be$given$on$Monday$February$25,$2019 in$class.
• BRING%PENCILS
• Online$portions$in$Moodle$(if$any)$available$online$before$
11:59PM$on$Thursday$February$21,$2019.
• Material$will$relate$to$everything$covered$in$classes,$in$
homeworks,$on$Moodle$course$page,$and$required$reading$
assigned$prior$to$the$date$of$the$Exam.
• Suggest$to$review$class$slides$carefully$and$class$recordings$
as$necessary$to$better$understand$class$slides$(on$
Moodle).
• If$you$missed$any$class$given$(faceMtoMface$or$online),$
consider$the$online$recording$of$that$class$as$required$
reading$– and$watch$it.

6. Exam%#1:%Open%Question/Answer
• Limitations)of)present)day)AI)(e.g.)Sophia)&)Microsoft)Cognitive)Services)
• Models)and)Modeling)(Importance)of)Self)
• Decision)Making)(e.g.)Classical,)Human,)AI)
• Artificial)General)Intelligence
• Influence)Tactics
• How)Emotions)are)Made:)Introduction,)Chapters)1I3
• Theory)of)Constructed)Emotions
• Classical)Theory)of)Emotions
• Reality)and)Synthetic)Reality)(e.g.)Occurrences,)“Real”,)Augmented,)Virtual)
• Sensing)&)Sensors
• What)of)the)environment)is)sensible
• How)we)can)hear,)see,)taste,)smell,)and)touch)(internally)&)externally)
• What)we)cannot)sense)with)our)human)senses
• Artificial)sensing)– similarities)and)differences
• Introduction)to)combining)senses)in)perception)(e.g.)McGurk)Effect)
• Material)will)relate)to)everything)covered)in)classes,)in)homeworks,)on)Moodle)
course)page,)and)required)reading)assigned)prior)to)the)date)of)the)Exam.
Exemplary*Topics:

7. Next%Up
• Touch&Sensing&
• External
• Interosensing&(Internal)
Internal&Self

8. Touch&and&Emotions
There%is%a%relationship%between%touch%and%emotions:
• I%am%touched%by%your%sorrow.
• I%am%in%touch%with%her.
• I%feel%for%you.
• I%feel%the%wind%blowing%on%my%face.
• I%feel%the%pain%in%my%lower%back.
• I%have%no%feelings%for%him.
• I%have%no%feelings%in%my%arm.
• Sentir…
• Estoy conmovido
• Estoy en contacto
• Lo%siento mucho …%lo%siento mucho

9. Visceral)and)Viscus
http://www.austincc.edu/apreview/PhysText/CNS.html

10. Interosensors
• Interoception*is*the*Perception*of*the*State*of*the*Body
• Interoception*restrictive*meaning is*of*sensations*originating*from*viscera
• General*meaning*includes*all*forms*of*pain.
• Touch*is*all*about*self
• Responds*to*changes*to*ourselves due*to*stimulus*from%the%environment
• Responds*to*changes*to*ourselves*based*on*what%is%happening%inside%
(e.g.*allergic*reaction,*indigestion).
• No*clear*distinction*between*Touch*and*Interoception
• For*purposes*of*this*class*we*will*treat*them*together
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4876111/

11. Types&of&Touch&Receptors&(Functional)
1. THERMAL*ENERGY*– Relative*Temperature,*Body*heat
2. FORCE*Pressure,*Texture
3. ELECTRICAL*ENERGY
4. BIOCHEMICAL*INTERACTIONS*(itch)
5. ELECTROMAGNETIC*ENERGY (sunlight heats skin)

12. • The$most$amazing$and$important$sense$(of$self)
• Sense$of$touch$begins$to$develop$before$we$are$born.
• Touch$receptors$exist$inside,$outside$and$all$over$our$bodies
• Touch$is$sensitive$to$all$5$types$of$Sensible$Energies.
• Forces$(e.g.$mechanical,$vibrational)
• Electromagnetic$Energy$(e.g.$absorbed$sunlight)
• Biochemical$Interactions$(e.g.$heart$burn,$pain)
• Thermal$Energy$(e.g.$hot$pan$or$ice)
• Electrical$Energy$(e.g.$static$discharge)
• Associated$afferent$signals$ascend$the$spinal$cord$to$the$brain.
• Given$a$single$“touch”$alone,$it$is$very$difficult$(in$some$cases$
impossible)$for$the$brain$to$determine$the$cause.
• More$questions$than$answers$remain$in$the$science$of$touch
Observations,of,Touch,(Somatic,Senses)

13. Artificial)Sensory)Hybrid)Reflex)Arc
https://techxplore.com/news/20185055artificial5nerve5prosthetic5devices5robots.html

14. https://youtu.be/5Rp4V3Sj5jE?t=622
RoboRoach Video+(On+Moodle)
(Start+at+10:22)

15. Next%Up
• Exam%#1:
• Will$be$given$on$Monday$February$25,$2019 in$class.
• BRING%PENCILS
• Online$portions$in$Moodle$(if$any)$available$online$before$11:59PM$on$
Thursday$February$21,$2019.
• Material$will$relate$to$everything$covered$in$classes,$in$homeworks,$on$
Moodle$course$page,$and$required$reading$assigned$prior$to$the$date$of$
the$Exam.
• Suggest$to$review$class$slides$carefully$and$class$recordings$as$necessary$
to$better$understand$class$slides$(on$Moodle).
• If$you$missed$any$class$given$(faceMtoMface$or$online),$consider$the$online$
recording$of$that$class$as$required$reading$– and$watch$it.
• Human%vs%Artificial
• Touch and$Interoception$(Part$2)
• Memory$and$Perception
• Emotions$and$Self
• External$Agents$and$Influence$of$Others