2. what is a health system?
• All organizations, people and action whose primary
intent is to promote, restore and maintain health.
What is health?
• Health is beyond the absence of sickness.
• A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.
WH0, 2007
Introduction to Health systems
3. � The health system is beyond the individual-all agents
promoting health & wellbeing, domestic/national
AND international factors impacting on health and
HS agents.
� System is…
Any collection of related parts that interact in an
organized way for a purpose.
Cont.
4. � I. Health workforce (human resource)
� 2. Financing
� 3. Access to essential Medicine
� 4. Health Information System
� 5. Governance/leadership
� 6. Service delivery
Health system building blocks
5. NATURE AND SCOPE OF MANAGEMENT
❖ Definition of management
• It can have a decision oriented definition, people
oriented definition, function oriented definition
etc.
• Management is the art of getting things done
through other people - mary Parker follet
• Use of human and non human resources
Introduction to management
6. � Most importantly- Management is a process that is
used to accomplish organizational goals; that is, a
process that is used to achieve what an organization
wants to achieve.
� An organization could be a business, a school, a city,
a group of volunteers, or any governmental entity.
Cont.
7. � 1. How do the different building blocks of the health
system work together for the success of the health
system?
� 2. What are the characteristics of an organisation?
TASK
8. � A manager is?
� A person who ensures that a group of people or an
individual work together in the most effective and
efficient manner to achieve a stated goal in the best
and most economical way.
� Efficiency is concerned with ‘doing things right’, and
relates to inputs and what the manager does.
� To be efficient, the manager has to attend to the input
requirements of the job.
�
Cont.
9. � Effectiveness is concerned with ‘doing the right
things’ and relates to the outputs of the job and what
the manager actually achieves.
� Effectiveness must be related to the achievement of
some purpose, objective or task.
Cont.
10. Major Management functions
(1) planning,
(2) organizing,
(3) leading/directing
(4) controlling.
Some would include leading as a separate management
function, but for the purposes of this discussion,
directing is included as a part of leading.
Cont.
11. Levels of management
(A). Top management provides direction, strategy,
goals, and policies for the entire organization or major
divisions.
(B). Middle management is responsible for
implementation and coordination at the departmental
level.
(C). Lower-level management. These implement the
plans of middle management. They mainly perform
operational work.
Cont.
12. TASK
1. Using practical examples, show how a clinical
officer in charge can be effective and efficient in
managing health facility financial resources. 10marks
Cont.
13. • Management has existed for many centuries
• It is multi-disciplinary. This implies that,
although management has been developed as a
separate discipline, it draws knowledge and
concepts from various discipline such as
psychology, economics, sociology etc.
HISTORY OF MANAGEMENT
14. • The history of management is associated with industrial
revolution, prior to which all business where owned by family
and were manageable.
• Business was small and easy to handle.
• between the 18th and 20th there was industrial revolution. The
increase in the number of workers and expansion of industries
due to the demands of the economy
• shift from agrarian to industries
• all the challenges lead to approaches and theories of
management
Cont.
15. • Approaches to management can be described as
what was the best way to deal with the work
process.
• That meant workers, work itself and the owners of
the means of production.
• Many people contributed to these approaches and
three of the most important ones are Frederick
Winslow Taylor, Max weber and henry Fayol
Approaches to management
16. Classical theorists; focused on organisation of people at
work, work itself and the structure of the organisation.
Examples include: Frederick Winslow Taylor, Henri fayol
and Max weber.
Behavioral theorists
• These focused on the human dimension of work.
• They focused on the motivation of workers to attain high
productivity.
Examples include: Douglas Mcgregor, Elton mayo,
Abraham maslow.
MAJOR MANAGEMENT
THEORISTS
