Presentation

1. Eden University
UNIT 3 (Cardiovascular System)
Congenital Heart Diseases
2,2 Pediatrics Clinical Medicine
Dr. D.Nyirongo MD
UNZA (BSc.HB, MBChB, DTM)

2. UNIT 3 Overview
• Applied anatomy
• Congenital heart defects/diseases
Cyanotic heart diseases
Acyanotic heart diseases
• Rheumatic fever and Rheumatic Heart Diseases
• Bacterial Endocarditis
• Congestive Cardiac Failure (CCF)
• Pericarditis
• History taking and examination

3. Applied anatomy

4. Applied anatomy

5. Fetal Circulation

6. Congenital Heart Defects
• Congenital heart defects are
structural abnormalities of
the heart and/or great
vessels occurring during fetal
development.
• They are also referred to as
congenital heart diseases, or
CHD.
• CHD can be subdivided into 2
main types these are:
 Cyanotic and
 Acyanotic.
Cyanotic vs Acyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases (CHD):
Heart defects can be cyanotic or acyanotic depending on the
amount of oxygen delivered to the rest of the body.

7. Cyanotic Congenital Heart Defects
• These are cardiac defects in which the
blood pumped to the rest of the body
contains less than normal amounts of
oxygen.
• In other words, the heart pumps
mixed deoxygenated and oxygen blood
to the body.
• This can lead to cyanosis .
• Cyanotic heart defects typically
contain right-to-left shunts.
• As blood mixes cyanosis results.
The 5 main cyanotic congenital heart
defects Known as the 5 Ts include:
1) Truncus Arteriosus
2) Transposition of Great Arteries
3) Tricuspid Atresia
4) Tetralogy of Fallot
5) Total Anomalous Pulmonary
Venous Return (TAPVR)

8. 1) Truncus Arteriosus
One great vessel leaving the heart,
instead of 2
Cyanotic Congenital Heart Defects

9. (2) Transposition of Great
Arteries
• Two great arteries leaving the heart are
transposed.
• The transposition of the aorta and
pulmonary artery creates 2 separate
circuits.
(3) Tricuspid Atresia
• Tricuspid valve fails to form
• Instead, an ASD is present to aid
circulation
Cyanotic Congenital Heart Defects

10. (4) Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
This is a Tetrad of 4 cardiac defects (Tetra = 4)
The tetrad includes:
1) Pulmonary Stenosis
2) Right Ventricular Hypertrophy (RVH)
3) Overriding Aorta
4) Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
(5) Total Anomalous Pulmonary
Venous Return (TAPVR)
• Pulmonary veins connect to systemic
venous system rather than the left
atrium.
• This creates an ASD.
Cyanotic Congenital Heart Defects