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Mangkal.docx
1. __________________________________________________________________________________
SignificantNatural Resources (Animals)
Municipality/City of ________________________
Provinceof _______________________________
Region ___________________________________
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR CULTURE AND THE ARTS
SUBCOMMISSION ON CULTURAL HERITAGE
CULTURAL MAPPING PROGRAM
Mapping of Significant Natural Resources
Category: Animals (Fauna)
LOCAL/INDIGENOUS NAME: Dulungan
PHOTO:
I. BACKGROUND INFORMATION
A. OTHER COMMON NAME: Walden’s hornbill/ Rufous-headed hornbill
B. SCIENTIFIC NAME: Rhabdotorrhinus waldeni
Photo source:
https://www.facebook.c
om/anglimogkangdulun
gan/photos/a.76913296
0164598/955448171533
075
2. __________________________________________________________________________________
SignificantNatural Resources (Animals)
Municipality/City of ________________________
Provinceof _______________________________
Region ___________________________________
C.CLASSIFICATION
[ ] MAMMAL
[x ] BIRD
[ ] REPTILE
[ ] AMPHIBIAN
[ ] FISH
[ ] WORM, MYRIAPOD
[ ] INSECT, ARACHNID
[ ] MARINE/FRESH WATER
ORGANISMS (Molluscs,
Crustaceans,
Echinoderms, Coelenterates)
[ ] OTHER (Protozoa, etc)
D. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO ORIGIN: [x] Endemic [ ] Native [ ]
Exotic
E. SITE SIGHTED: Thick and lush forests of Sebaste
F. HABITAT: The bird inhabits the forest where they select natural holes and
crevices of trees as nesting place and where fruit bearing trees are abundant.
G. SPECIAL NOTES: It is considered a critically endangered species for they
reproduce very slowly.
H. INDICATE VISIBILITY:
[ ] Visible in all barangays
[x] Visible in some barangays
[ ] Not visible in the municipality but can be found in other areas
indicate the location (if known):_______________________________
I. TIME OF THE YEAR MOST SEEN:
The rufous-headed hornbill or dulungan appears in no particular season and can
always be seen within the range of forest where it dwells.
II. DESCRIPTION
A. PHYSICAL FEATURES:
Male has rufous head, neck and upper breast. The rest of body plumage is blackish
with glossed green upper parts. It has black tail, broad white central band which
stains buff through preening. It also showcases red bill and large casque, orange
bare orbital and gular skin. Female may be similar but may have black head, white
bare orbital and gular skin tinged with blue, and black underparts and smaller
casque.
3. __________________________________________________________________________________
SignificantNatural Resources (Animals)
Municipality/City of ________________________
Provinceof _______________________________
Region ___________________________________
B. COMMON USES:
Dulungan is a highly protected wildlife and extremely valued natural heritage.
III. STORIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE ANIMAL
Dulungans have a bizarre method to protect their young; both parents use
saliva and mud to construct a wall across the entrance of a tree cavity, sealing the
female and eggs inside. A small hole is left at the top through which the male can
pass food. The pair are highly territorial and defend their nest site. The Rufous-
Headed Hornbill is now locally extinct from the latter due to severe deforestation in
addition to hunting and nest poaching. However, due to a successful nest-guarding
programme introduced by local organisation, poaching has decreased by 95% in the
Central Panay Mountain Range. Combined with other conservation measures, the
population of Rufous-headed Hornbills is now on the increase. For an instance,
Haribon Foundation for the Conservation of Natural Resources, Inc. took the
initiative to promote various community based intervention to save the species by
implementing information campaign and researches that increase awareness about
the dulungan.
IV. SIGNIFICANCE
Aesthetic
The unique plumage and appearance of dulungan stuns locals and
backpackers.
Scientific
The bird is among the 11 endemic hornbills in the Philippines. Dulungan
carries the pride of being the “Health of the Forests” because of its ability to
propagate trees. It is not only a view that adds beauty to Sebaste’s verdant mountain
and azure blue skies, but an image of hope as it scatter seeds and restore the forest
endangered by massive deforestation.
Socio-political
Dulungan is considered a flagship bird species of the province of Antique and
hailed so even in the municipality of Sebaste. Due to its status as critically
endangered species, people rally together to pursue actions for dulungan
conservation, hence attracts protection from groups and organizations like Haribon
Foundation, Inc. that aim to save it from grave threat of poaching, hunting and
habitat loss. These groups initiate efforts like information campaign and partnership
to other agencies for biodiversity management purposes which does not only
4. __________________________________________________________________________________
SignificantNatural Resources (Animals)
Municipality/City of ________________________
Provinceof _______________________________
Region ___________________________________
increase local awareness about dulungan but also strengthens appreciation of
natural biodiversity.
Social
In 2017, the National Grid Corporation of the Philippines formed a partnership with
the Haribon Foundation to support Dulungan conservation. Through this partnership,
22 forest guards are trained to watch over the Dulungan and the biodiversity of the
Central Panay Mountains. Local schools are now supporting the conservation of the
species and students are implementing projects to reduce waste and develop tree
nurseries to help restore the habitat of the Dulungan.
V. CONSERVATION
A. STATUS: Critically endangered
B. CONSTRAINTS/THREATS/ISSUES: Hunting, poaching and habitat loss
C. CONSERVATION MEASURES:
The Haribon Foundation working hard to educate local communities about forest and
wild life protection.
Provincial Ordinance 2020- 208 declaring August as Dulungan Month.
Philippine Hornbills Conservation Programme signed by the DENR.
![__________________________________________________________________________________
SignificantNatural Resources (Animals)
Municipality/City of ________________________
Provinceof _______________________________
Region ___________________________________
C.CLASSIFICATION
[ ] MAMMAL
[x ] BIRD
[ ] REPTILE
[ ] AMPHIBIAN
[ ] FISH
[ ] WORM, MYRIAPOD
[ ] INSECT, ARACHNID
[ ] MARINE/FRESH WATER
ORGANISMS (Molluscs,
Crustaceans,
Echinoderms, Coelenterates)
[ ] OTHER (Protozoa, etc)
D. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO ORIGIN: [x] Endemic [ ] Native [ ]
Exotic
E. SITE SIGHTED: Thick and lush forests of Sebaste
F. HABITAT: The bird inhabits the forest where they select natural holes and
crevices of trees as nesting place and where fruit bearing trees are abundant.
G. SPECIAL NOTES: It is considered a critically endangered species for they
reproduce very slowly.
H. INDICATE VISIBILITY:
[ ] Visible in all barangays
[x] Visible in some barangays
[ ] Not visible in the municipality but can be found in other areas
indicate the location (if known):_______________________________
I. TIME OF THE YEAR MOST SEEN:
The rufous-headed hornbill or dulungan appears in no particular season and can
always be seen within the range of forest where it dwells.
II. DESCRIPTION
A. PHYSICAL FEATURES:
Male has rufous head, neck and upper breast. The rest of body plumage is blackish
with glossed green upper parts. It has black tail, broad white central band which
stains buff through preening. It also showcases red bill and large casque, orange
bare orbital and gular skin. Female may be similar but may have black head, white
bare orbital and gular skin tinged with blue, and black underparts and smaller
casque.](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)