9. The Philippines until 1972, held election regularly; every
four years for the president, vice president, and congressmen
; every two years for a third of the senate.
President Ferdinand Marcos started his term (1972), he was
able to extend his stay in office to a 3rd term
President Marcos, through what he called “ Constitutional
Authoritarianism,” extended his presidency that lasted twenty
years or two decades – The longest in the Philippine history.
10. Marco’s new society
Marcos Envisioned A “ REVOLUTION FROM THE CENTER
Center – Referred to the Silent Majority who were neither
leftists of pro radical change like a socialist or communist
society nor Rightists who where pro status quo Dominated
by few Landed rich or the Oligarchy.
New Society (Bagong Lipunan) – Ferdinand Marcos build a
new society Which is self discipline, self reliant , prosperous
and peaceful society.
11. *Marcos Excellency in his New Society *
1. Place the whole country under the land reformed .
2. Freeing the tenant farmers from his landlord and
enabling him to own and expand the size of ax and
expand the size of land
3. Using Tax money and foreign loans Marcos built more
school, market place, hospital, roads and etc.
4. Develop energy resources such as geothermal plants, oil
fuels.
13. Massive foreign loan
Rises in prices of commodities
They collected more taxes, budget were cut and poor
salaries
Farmers began to deprived of their lease hold arrangement
Sent out 1.3 million overseas contract workers and
domestic helpers
14. Interim Batasang Pambansa
- it was the first election to be held under martial rule
Dictatorship
- one man rule a ruler with unrestricted powers
June 30, 1981
-Marcos won , the Fourth Republic was inaugurated .
16. The declaration of martial law effectively silenced the protest
Movement of the “FIRST QUARTER STORM” from 1972 to
1973 hundreds were detained includes leaders of the leftist
organization. It took more years before those who spoke and
wrote about what was really happening under martial law
could be heard.
17. Noise barrage
- sound or noise used by opposition to signify their
protest against Marcos and KBL
Safehouses
- were secret places for the torture and killing of antiMarcos activists, communists and other rebels whose right to
trial and human dignity were totally disregarded.
18. Xerox Journalism
- Photocopies of articles and readings with subversive
content proliferated.
Movement for a free Philippines
-Led by Raul Manglapus, a group who accused Marcos
of dictatorship , graft and corruption that caused capital flight
and unproductivity, excessive taxes, and the further
deterioration of Economy.
19. April 6 Liberation Movement
- a group of the elite and the big business community
was accused of trying to end Marco’s martial rule even
through violent means.
21. Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino Jr.
- If Marcos did not declare martial law in 1972 ,
former Senator Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino Jr. Might have
become the next president. Instead, he was in imprisoned
later, allowed to go the U.S for medical treatment when he
got very ill while in detention.
Ninoy Aquino decided to return to the Philippine
using assumed name, MARCIAL BONIFACIO.
22. August 21, 1983
- the assassination of Benigno Aquino took place on
Sunday August 21, 1983 at Manila International Airport he
was shot in the head while being escorted from an aircraft
to a vehicle that was waiting to transport him to prison.
Also killed was Rolando Galman, who was later implicated
in Ninoy Aquino’s murder.
24. Snap Election
- an Election called earlier than expected, Generally it
refers to an election in a parliamentary system called when
not requied usually to capitalize on a unique electoral
opportunity or to decade a pressing issue.
Parliament of the Street
- a new wave of protest rallies from 1983 rocked
Manila and other cities like Cebu, Davao, and Iloilo.
25. National Movement for free Elections (NAMFREL)
- to ensure a clean and fair counting of votes, concerned
businessmen and other cause oriented groups organized it.
February 7, 1986
- Marcos announced that he was ready for a “Snap”
presidential election.
February 20, 1986
- Marcos was declared President Elect along with
Arturo Tolentino as vice president.
26. People power at
edsa
The Philippine was praised worldwide in 1986 when the so
called bloodless Revolution erupted called EDSA People
Power’s Revolution
27. EDSA PEOPLE POWER REVOLUTION
- was a series of popular demonstrations in the
Philippines that began in 1983 and culminated in 1986.
February 22, 1986
- triggered the downfall of the Marcos Government in
an unsuspected move by Juan Ponce Enrile the Secretary of
National Defense and Fidel V. Ramos (Vice Chief of Staff )
who defected and severed their ties with Marcos.
28. February 23, 1986
- the oath taking of Marcos as newly elected president
was hastily stopped.
February 25, 1986
- Marked a significant national event that has been
engraved in the heart and mind of every Filipino .
- The Bloodless Revolution called EDSA People Power’s
Revolution.
