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2. Confucianism
, also known as Ruism, is described as tradition, a philosophy, a
religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of
governing, or simply a way of life.
Confucianism developed from what was later called
the Hundred Schools of Thought from the teachings of
the Chinese philosopher Confucius (551–479 BCE),
who considered himself a recodifier and retransmitter of
the theology and values inherited from the Shang (c.
1600 BCE–1046 BCE) and Zhou dynasties (c. 1046
BCE–256 BCE).

3. Confucianism
-Can be seen as a code of ethical conduct, of how
one should properly act according to their
relationship with other people, thus it also
focused on having a harmonious social life.

4. Confucianism
-The worldly concern of Confucianism rests
upon the belief that human beings are
fundamentally good, and teachable,
improvable, and perfectible through personal and
communal endeavor, especially self-cultivation
and self-creation.

5. A subdued self
The self in Confucianism is a subdued self. It is
conditioned to respond to perceptions, not of its
own needs and aspirations but of social
requirements and obligations.

6. The Five Constant
Virtues

7. Ren
the -virtue of benevolence
-Benevolence is the first and most important
virtue among the Five Constant Virtues.
- It manifests itself in the inner mind in love
and compassion for people and in avoiding
harm or envy toward anyone.

8. Yi- 義 ;
Righteousness
-Righteousness in contrast to benevolence
involves thinking and acting from one’s own
viewpoint. It demands rational action, self-
restraint to resist temptation and the fortitude to
do one’s duty.

9. Li -Propriety
-The contents of propriety include loyalty, filial
piety, fraternal duty, chastity, respect, etc.
Originating in ancient sacrificial rites, propriety, in
a general sense signifies behavioral norms which
maintain hierarchy.

10. Zhi- 忠Wisdom
-Wisdom is the innate knowledge by
which one judges right and wrong,
good and evil.

11. Xin--Fidelity
-Fidelity is honesty. This means that,
externally, one’s deeds match one’s
words; and that internally one’s words
and mind are in unison. Fidelity is a key
to the perfection of human nature.

12. Five Constant Relationships
1.Between ruler and subject
2.Between father and son
3.Between husband and wife
4.Between older brother and younger brother
5.Between and older friend and a younger friend.

13. Moral Values
o Obedience to parents, older brothers, and rulers.
o Sincerity to friends, the refusal to cause harm to others, even in
words, identical harmonies in words and deeds, rejection of
hypocrisy, care for common interest, encouraging beneficial arts,
sympathizing with foreigners, working for the common welfare
of the princes and the common people of the empire.