This document provides an overview of the development of visual arts including painting, sculpture, and architecture from prehistoric times through the modern period. It discusses key periods, styles, and influential artists for each medium. For painting, it outlines prehistoric cave paintings and progresses through Greek, Roman, medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, Impressionist, and Expressionist periods. Sculpture developments in ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome, and later periods are also summarized. Finally, the document reviews architectural styles and prominent examples from ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Etruria, and Rome.

1. CHAPTER 5
DEVELOPMENT OF
VISUAL ARTS

2. PAINTING
Pre-Historical Painting (40 000 BC-9
000 BC)
-Paintings were focused on animal
spear and other rudimentary
materials.
-Drawn on caves, stones and earth
filled ground

3. THE PREHISTORIC GREEK ART was seen in
four periods:
1.FORMATIVE OR PRE-GREEK PERIOD
-motif was sea and nature
2. FIRST GREEK PERIOD
-largely Egyptian influence

4. 3. GOLDEN AGE (480-400 BC)
4. HELLENISTIC PERIOD (4th
century- 1st BC)
-heightened individualism,
tragic mood, and contorted
faces (lacaustic painting)

5. GONE through two periods:
1.ERUSCAN PERIOD (2000-1000 BC)
-subject matters of painting were on ancestor
worship: catacombs and sarcophage.
2. ROMAN PERIOD (2000BC-400AD)
-commemorative statues, sarcophage,
frescoes, designs with vine motifs.

6. Three classifications during the Medieval Period:
1. EARLY CHRISTIAN ART
- Symbols cross, fish, lamb, alpha and omega,
triumphal wreaths, grapes, doves, and peacocks
and later-haloed Christ, Saints and the Virgin Mary,
and martyrs.
2. BYZANTINE ART
-Christ as the Creator, and Mary, as the mother of
God

7. 3. GOTHIC ART
-religious and grotesque, more
calmer and plastic style.

8. -portable casel paintings and oil paintings were
utilized.
-Illustrations consisting of: altar pieces with
general wings that open and close.
-Children’s faces were painted like small adults;
spectator was even drawn in the picture.
-Landscape was placed within the pictures by
the open window where faraway landscape of
towns, people and river were seen.

9. DIVIDED INTO THREE PERIODS:
1. EARLY RENAISSANCE (14TH-15TH century)
-styles of painting are simplicity pretty, gesture and
expression.
-painting was on man and nature in fresco technique.
2. HIGH RENAISSANCE (16TH century)
-center was in France, Venice and Rome
-deepening of pictorial space, making the sky more
dramatic with dark clouds and flashes of light

10. 3. MANNERISM PERIOD
-human figure with the use of
oil painting and color

11. - Appealing on the emotion, sensual
and highly decorative, with light and
shadow of dramatic effects
- Showed figures in diagonal, twists,
and zigzags
- FAMOUS PAINTERS: Paul Rubens,
Rembrandt, El Greco, Diego Velasquez

12. -emphasized voluptuousness,
picturesque and intimate
presentation of farm and
country

13. - Emphasis on the painter’s
reactions to past events,
landscapes, and people
- FRANCISCO GOYA, famous painter

15. 1.IMPRESSIONIST
• PAUL CEZANNE- greatest
impressionist and the FATHER OF
MODERN ART
• Simplicity, brilliance, and perfect
balance in art, brightness of colors
and sense of depth in art.

16. 2. EXPRESSIONIST
• VINCENT VAN GOGH- Father of
Expressionism, used bright, pure
colors mixed on the polette but
applied to the canvas in small
dots or strokes replying on the
beholder’s eyes to see them
together.

17. 3. SIMPLICITY IN ART
•PAUL GAUHUIN- was
simple in his artistic style,
studied the technique of
craftsmen

19. SCULPTURE
-an aesthetic art
-modeling technique
MODELING means that a material
is shaped and formed into a single
mass or block of material having
tri-dimensional form.

20. -consisted of rude forms
carved in stones and woods

21. 4 PERIODS:
1.FIRST DYNASTIC PERIOD ( 5, 000 years ago)
-sun, moon, stars, sacred animals
2. OLD KINGDOM PERIOD
-Portrait sculpture was emphasized
-statues were either single figure or family
groups.

22. 3. MIDDLE KINGDOM PERIOD
-faces of statues depicted individual
moods but their bodies were still
rigid and straight in posture
4. NEW KINGDOM PERIOD
-figures were lifelike and vigorous
looking

23. 3 PERIODS:
1.DEDALIC PERIOD
-marble was used as material
-nude male was usually executed
2. CLASSICAL AGE
-Golden age or Age of Pericles in Greece

24. 3. LATER GREEK PERIOD
-male and female figures
were shown with very little
or no clothing at all

25. -more represented in bust
forms of famous men and
women
-individual imperfections
were shown

26. CLASSIFIED INTO TWO:
1.EARLY BYZANTINE SCULPTURE
- No statues adorned the churches and
basilicas; only symbols or signs as mosaic
2.LATER BYZANTINE SCULPTURE
--Biblical statues adorned churches,
basilicas , and even homes

27. -biblical characters
and human figures

28. -Statues of human figure
were given a natural life-like
look both in bodies and
facial expressions

29. Three groups:
1. EARLY RENAISSANCE SCULPTURE
-anatomical shapes, proportions and perspectives
2. MIDDLE RENAISSANCE SCULPTURE
-more secular than religious in nature
-palaces were adored with sculpture and in bronze
3. LATER PART OF THE RENAISSANCE
-legends and myths of Greece and Rome

30. -depicted beauty of the art and the
expression of emotion
-PIEDAD, work of Gregorio
Fernandez, Bermini, representative
of Baroque sculpture.

31. -ornamental purpose, highly
ornate and exquisite
-furniture, panels, vases, and
urns; appeared largely in these

32. TWO SCHOOLS:
1.NEO-CLASSICAL SCHOOLS
-perfect human anatomy endowed with a
calm, reflective look
2. ROMANTIC REALISTIC SCHOOLS
-depicted realistic figures with psychological
attitudes of the French Revolution

33. Sculpture is many concerned with human body.
1.PABLO PICASSO
-Father of Abstract sculpture
JULIO GONZALEZ
-advocated a regeneration of plastic shapes
through geometric organizations of human body

34. 2. HENRY MOORE and his associates
- Depicted a sculpture of anxiety and terror
3. ALBERTO GIACOMMETTI
-carved a figure endowed with either action of
feeling by using thinned out matter
4. 1910
-sculpture of geometric shapes emerged
-led to new tool in sculpture---BLOW TORCH

36. ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURE IN THE ANCIENT WORLD
1.ARCHITECTURE OF MESOPOTAMIA
-becomes the predominant building type in
Mesopotamia
a) Architecture of the Sumerians- typical
building of the Sumerians was Ziggurat.

37. b) Architecture of the Assyrians
-The Sargon’s palace stood as a representative
of the Assyrian sculpture
c) Architecture of the Neo-Babylonians (575
BC)
• THE ISHTAT-gate of Babylon was built fro a
Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II.
d) Architecture of the Persians
-The Royal Palace at Persepolis is a
representative of Persian architecture

38. 2. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE ANCIENT EGYPT
a)Architecture of the Old Kingdom (3000-2130
BC)
Example: MOSTABA
-rectangular brick or stone structure with
slopping flat or recesses sides, erected over on
subterranean tomb chamber.

39. STEPPED PYRAMID OF ZOSER
-complex structure, conveys
supremacy and power of king even
after his death
PYRAMID OF GIZEH
-symbolize permanent and stability
together with transcendence

40. b) Architecture of the Middle Kingdom
(2130-1580 BC)
• Beni-hasan-fundamental units of
Egyptian culture: portico or vestibule,
columned hall, and sacred chamber.
c) The Architecture of the New Kingdom
(1580-322 BC)
-grandiose temples

41. 3. AEGEAN AND ANCIENT GREEK ARCHITECTURE
Example:
Palace of Knossos, Crete- oblong shape of the court and
the general layer of the palace shows a centralized
agreement
-rigid layout of the storage magazines conveys the values
• CITADEL OF TIRYNS
-consisted of heavy walls. At intervals, run corbelled
galleries, which probably served as defensive purposes.

42. b) Ancient Greek Architecture
-columnat and trabeated
DORIC ORDER
-earliest Greek architectural orders
CORINTHIAN ORDER
-does not consist of volutes but of
stylized acanthus leaves

43. 4. ETRUSCAN AND ANCIENT ROMAN
ARCHITECTURE
Etruscan House
- A simple rectangular structure which grew
progressively more complex
Etruscan Temple
-place of shelter protected by the wide
overhang of its root

44. -combination of axis
and centre