5. EBOLA
• What is Ebola
• Etiology of Ebola
• Types of Ebola
• How is Ebola Contracted
• Signs and Symptoms of Ebola
• Treatment for Ebola
• Precautionary measures for Ebola
EBOLA
6. EBOLA
What is Ebola
Ebola Virus Disease, (also called Ebola
Haemorrhagic Fever or Ebola) is a severe,
often-fatal disease in humans.
7. EBOLA
What is Ebola
It was first recognized in 1976. Ebola is named
after a river in the Democratic Republic of the
Congo in Africa, where it was first recognized.
It is highly infectious
Kills up to 90% of infected persons.
8. EBOLA
Etiology of Ebola
In Africa, infection has been through the
handling of infected animals (chimpanzees,
gorillas, fruit bats, monkeys, pigs, forest
antelopes and porcupines) found ill, dead or
alive in the rainforest.
9. EBOLA
Types of Ebola
There are five distinct species of Ebola virus 4
of which cause the disease in humans.
• Zaire
• Sudan
• Tai Forest
• Bundibugyo
10. EBOLA
How is Ebola Contracted
Direct Contact
Transmission with contact with:
Blood
Body fluids (saliva, urine, vomitus, semen,
sweat)
Other (stool, sputum, droplet from coughs
and sneezes)
11. EBOLA
How is Ebola Contracted
Indirect Contact
Contact with objects that have been
contaminated such as :
Razors
Needles
Soiled clothing/ bed linen
12. EBOLA
How is Ebola Contracted
Direct or indirect contact from human to
human is via
broken skin - cuts, bruises etc. or
mucous membranes of the eyes, mouth and
nose
13. EBOLA
Signs and Symptoms of Ebola
The incubation period for Ebola is 2 to 21 days
Early Signs
Sudden onset of fever (≥ 38.6 ⁰C)
Intense tiredness
Malaise
Headache
Joint Pains
14. EBOLA
Signs and Symptoms of Ebola
Early Signs and Symptoms
Abdominal Pains
Throat Pain
Diarrhoea (with or without blood)
Loss of Appetite
Hiccups
Conjunctivitis (Red Eyes)
15. EBOLA
Signs and Symptoms of Ebola
Late Signs and Symptoms
Confusion and Irritability
Seizures
Vomiting (sometimes bloody)
Diarrhoea (watery or bloody)
Skin Rash
Internal and External Bleeding
16. EBOLA
Signs and Symptoms of Ebola
Late Signs and Symptoms
Shock
Respiratory Distress
Chest Pain
Miscarriage in pregnant women
Prognosis poor - Death
17. EBOLA
Treatment for Ebola
There is no specific licensed treatment for
Ebola
Treatment is supportive
Maintaining Kidney function
Electrolyte balance
Combating excessive bleeding and shock
19. EBOLA
Preventative Measures for Ebola
Avoid contact with blood and body fluids
Wash hands and exposed skin surfaces with
detergent
Report any suspected cases of Ebola to the MOH
IMMEDIATELY
Do not attempt to treat or transport suspected
cases
Keep persons suspected of having Ebola away
from everyone else
20. EBOLA
Preventative Measures for Ebola
Understand the nature of the disease, how it
is transmitted, and how to prevent it from
spreading further.
Listen to and follow directives issued by your
country’s respective Ministry of Health.
21. EBOLA
Self Exposure
If you or an associate were exposed, self
quarantine is necessary
Inform the authorities that you may have
been exposed and continue to monitor
yourself for signs of Ebola
Do not travel from place to place to expose
others
22. EBOLA
Dead Bodies
Avoid contact with blood and body fluids of a
dead person
Report any death suspected/ known to be
caused by Ebola to the MOH IMMEDIATELY
Do not attempt to remove the body
Do not clean area unless provided with the
necessary gear and advised how to clean
24. EBOLA
Surfaces
Ebola can be easily eliminated with heat,
alcohol- based products, Sodium Hypochlorite
(Bleach), or Calcium Hypochlorite (bleaching
powder)
25. EBOLA
Emergency Numbers to Call
• National IHR Focal Point – 822- 2222
• MOH NEOC – 1-888-663-5683, 922- 8619,
922- 8622
• Director of EDMSSB – 317- 8887
