Descriptive information on the Ebola virus

1. Ebola
TEAM NAME: BRIGADE OF BOYS

2. What is Ebola?
 Ebola is a disease of humans and other primates
caused by ebolaviruses. The Normal Host of the
species is unknown.it is a infectious and fatal
disease marked by fever and internal bleeding.

3. Symptoms.
 Signs and symptoms typically start between two
days and three weeks after contracting the virus
with a fever, sore throat, muscle pain,
and headaches. Then, vomiting and rash usually
follow, along with decreased function of
the liver and kidney. At this time some people
begin to bleed both internally and externally. The
disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25
and 90 percent of those infected with an
average of about 50 percent. This is often due to
low blood pressure. Typically follows six to sixteen
days after symptoms appear.

4. History of Ebola
 In 1976, Ebola (named after the Ebola River in Zaire)
first emerged in Sudan and Zaire.
 The first outbreak of Ebola (Ebola-Sudan) infected over
284 people, with a mortality rate of 53%.
 A few months later, the second Ebola virus came from
Yambuku, Zaire, Ebola-Zaire (EBOZ). EBOZ is one with
the highest mortality rate of any of the Ebola viruses
(88%), which has infected 318 people.
 The third strain of Ebola, Ebola Reston (EBOR), was first
identified in 1989 when infected monkeys were
imported into Reston, Virginia, from Mindanao in the
Philippines.
 The last known strain of Ebola, Ebola Cote d'Ivoire
(EBO-CI) was discovered in 1994 when a female
ethologist performing a necropsy (a post-mortem
examination to discover the cause of death or the
extent of disease) on a dead chimpanzee from the Tai
Forest, Cote d'Ivoire, accidentally infected herself
during the necropsy.

5. Map of Ebola Outbreaks in
Africa

6. Map of Ebola Reston
Infected Monkeys in
Philippines

7. Causes of Ebola:
 Ebola is introduced into the human population
through close contact with the blood, organs or
other bodily fluids of infected animals such as
chimpanzees and monkeys found ill or dead or in
the rainforest.
 Ebola then spreads through human-to-human
transmission via direct contact.

8. Are there any cure?
 Supportive care with oral or intravenous( infusion
of liquid substances directly into a vein fluids) and
treatment of specific symptoms improving the
survival of mankind. There is yet no proven
treatment available for Ebola. However, a range
of potential treatments including blood products,
immune therapies and drug therapies are
currently being evaluated.

9. Prevention and Control
 Reducing the risk of wildlife-to-human transmission-
Using gloves when handling infected animals.
 Reducing the risk of human-to-human transmission –
Always wash their hands before and after visiting a
patient and always wear gloves when in contact of
the patient.
 Outbreak containment measures - prompt and safe
burial of the dead, identifying people who may
have been in contact with someone infected with
Ebola, monitoring the health of contacts for 21 days,
the importance of separating the healthy from the
sick to prevent further spread, the importance of
good hygiene and maintaining a clean
environment.

10. Credit:
 Sources:
 https://web.stanford.edu/group/virus/filo/history.h
tml (PHOTOS)
 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs10
3/en/ (Texts)
 Team members: Jarell Chan Wei Hao, Lim Wei
Xuan, Trophimus Sng and Samuel Singh