2. • Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola
hemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in
humans.
• Causes severe bleeding, organ failure, and can lead to
death.
• Origin: (1976) named after a river in the Democratic
Republic of Congo (formerly Zaire), near which the
disease was first observed.
Ebola?
3. Magnitude
• The average EVD case fatality rate is around 50%.
Case fatality rates have varied from 25% to 90% in
past outbreaks.
• There are currently no licensed Ebola vaccines but
2 potential candidates are undergoing evaluation.
4. Transmission
• Ebola virus is spread through direct contact
(through broken skin or unprotected mucous
membranes) with:
❖A sick person’s blood or body fluids, including but not
limited to urine, saliva, feces, vomit, and semen
❖Contaminated objects (like needles and syringes)
❖Infected animals (by contact with their blood, fluids, or
infected meat)
• Ebola virus has been detected in breast milk, but it
is not known if the virus can be transmitted from
mothers to infants through breastfeeding
5. The first outbreak was in
1976, in Central Africa near
tropical rainforests. More
recently outbreaks have
been occurring mainly in
West African urban areas.
Some rural areas have been
affected as well.
Ebola is transmitted from wild
animals to the human
population. Then, humans are
able to transmit ebola from
human to human (human-to-
human transmission).
Because it is human
transmitted, people who have
traveled borders spread the
disease from Guinea to USA,
Sierra Leone, Mali, and
Senegal.
Who is Affected?
6.
7. Risk Factors
• Being a Healthcare worker caring for Ebola patients
• Close contact with someone already infected (Especially
close family and friends)
• Contact with infected wildlife
• Sharing needles with an Ebola patient
• Traveling to West Africa where the disease is prevalent
8. Economic and Social Consequences
• Falling sales in markets and stores
• Lower activity for restaurants, hotels, public transport,
construction and educational institutions
• Leaving behind a growing number of orphans
• Rise of unemployment and underemployment
• Restrictions on the Movement of People
• Ex: canceled plane flights to affected countries
9.
10. 1. Avoid the infection
• Get to know the facts on how the disease is transmitted,
the symptoms, etc.
• Avoid areas that have been reported to have Ebola
outbreaks or suspected of someone catching Ebola in the
area.
• Avoid contact with people who have Ebola
Avoiding areas and people with Ebola is the best way to prevent from getting the disease because
it is zoonotic. You can only receive it from certain wild animals or people so avoiding possible
hazardous areas is important.
3 Ways to Alleviate Ebola
11. 2. Protecting yourself in an outbreak
• stay away from untreated infected people.
• sanitize yourself
• isolate those with disease
• wear protective clothing around Ebola patients.
If you are near an outbreak it is important to protect yourself from
catching the disease. Physically wearing or doing things that could
prevent transmission is important.
Ways to Alleviate Ebola Continued
12. 3. Treating and containing Ebola
• Address symptoms
• Diagnostic testing
• Rest and wait
There are no cures but supportive therapy can help. If there is any
suspicion of you catching the disease it is important to follow the
symptoms and seek medical help because early detection can save
your life.
When affected by Ebola, there are treatments such as care-rehydration with oral or
intravenous fluids and treatment of specific symptoms, can increase your chances of
surviving the ebola virus.
Ways to Alleviate Ebola Continued
