ebola.ppt

1. Ebola
The Deadly African Virus
Presented by
Jundi Zahid Ghufron G1D115046
Diah Restu Pertiwi G1D115060
Wulandari Irawan G1D115063
Rian Wahyu Saputra G1D115078

2. Ebola Virus Introduction
• First appeared in Africa 1976
• “African Hemorrhagic Fever”
– acute,mostly fatal disease
– causes blood vessel “bursting”
– systemic (all organs/tissues)
– humans and nonhuman primates
• Excluding ‘2000 outbreak
– 1,500 cases
– over 1,000 deaths

3. Ebola Virus Introduction
• The Ebola virus was first discovered in
Africa in 1976. Originally, the virus only
attacks primates such as monkeys and
apes. But now, it has evolved into
dangerous disease because the ebola is
transmitted to humans. This year, the
Ebola virus is raging, the number of deaths
has been increased two times more than in
1976

4. Beware of Ebola EpidemicRecently
• Ebola epidemic that attacks the West
African region, causing the world’s
attention. WHO has released the data, there
are at least 800 people who died after the
Ebola virus. This disease has a very high
mortality rate, 90 percent of patients died.
Unfortunately, vaccine or drug to cure Ebola
still haven’t found yet.

5. Beware of Ebola EpidemicRecently
• The increasing case of the Ebola epidemic
in West Africa in the 2014 caused anxiety.
Ebola virus which attacks the body’s
defense system is similar with the HIV
virus. Early symptoms are similar to flu
symptoms such as high fever, body
weakness, muscle pain and headache.The
Most Deadly Virus

6. Deadly Virus
• What makes Ebola virus became so
dangerous is its ability to breed. This virus
can agglutinate blood cells, then this
condition can inhibit blood flowing to
other organs. If the organs lack of blood, it
will cause some damages. After attacking
the blood, ebola virus also attacks other
organs, such as kidney, brain, intestine,
liver and so on. Many of ebola patients
died because of kidney failure.

7. Very Fast Transmission
• Ebola virus transmission can occur from a
contact of body fluids, blood, and all the
things that have been used by patient.
Therefore, ebola patients must be isolated
in order to avoid a direct contact with other
people. The medical teams who handle the
patients also have to wear special cloth in
order to prevent the spread of the virus.

8. Very Fast Transmission
• Currently, a citizen of the United States
has been infected with ebola. Indonesian
Health Ministry itself has issued a travel
warning for the people who will visit the
countries of Guinea, Sierra and Liberia.

9. Ebola Taxonomy
Scientific Classification
Order: Mononegavirales
Family: Filoviridae
Genus: Ebola like viruses
Species: Ebola
Subtypes
– Ebola-Zaire, Ebola-Sudan,Ebola-Ivory Coast
• disease in humans
– Ebola-Reston
• disease in nonhuman primates
Copyrighted
Dr. Fre:derick A. Murphy, D.V.M., Ph.D. 1976.

10. Ebola Pathogenesis
• Enters Bloodstream
– skin, membranes,open wounds
• Cell Level
– docks with cell membrane
• Viral RNA
– released into cytoplasm
– production new viral proteins/ genetic
material
• New viral genomes
– rapidly coated in protein
– create cores
Copyright: Russell Kightley Media, Australia

11. Treatment
• No Standard Treatment available
• Patients receive supportive therapy
• treating complicating infections
• balancing patient’s fluids and electrolytes
• maintaining oxygen status and blood pressure

12. Prevention
• No vaccines!
• Patients are isolated
• Medical Staff Training
– western sanitation practices
• intake
• care during stay
• after patient dies
• Infection-control Measures
– complete equipment and area sterilization

13. Prevention
After Death
Virus contagious in fluids for days
• Burial use extreme caution
– handling and transport
– cultural practices/ religious belief
– incinerate all waste !!!!

14. Prevention
• There are some ways to prevent the ebola
virus. We have to keep clean and do not
make direct contact with patients.
Hopefully soon, vaccines and drugs will be
discovered so the number of dead can be
decreased.

15. Finish