Ebola virus disease is a severe and often fatal illness caused by the Ebola virus, which causes bleeding inside and outside the body and damages organs. There are 5 species of Ebola virus, and the largest outbreak on record began in 2014 affecting West Africa. The virus spreads through direct contact with bodily fluids of infected humans or animals like bats. Symptoms include fever, bleeding, and organ damage. While there is no approved vaccine, researchers are working on experimental treatments.

2. What is e-bola virus?
 Ebola virus disease (formerly known as Ebola
hemorrhagic fever) is a severe, often fatal illness,
with a death rate of up to 90 percent.
 It is a rare but deadly virus that causes bleeding
inside and outside the body.
 The virus spreads through the body, it damages the
immune system and organs.
 It causes levels of blood-clotting cells to drop,
resulting to severe, uncontrollable bleeding.

4. Species of Ebola virus.
Ebola virus comprises 5 distinct species:
 Bundibugyo Ebola virus (BDBV)
 Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV)
 Reston Ebola virus (RESTV)
 Sudan Ebola virus (SUDV)
 Taï Forest Ebola virus (TAFV).
BDBV, EBOV, and SUDV have been associated with
large EVD outbreaks in Africa, whereas RESTV and
TAFV have not.
The RESTV species, found in Philippines and the
People’s Republic of China, can infect humans, but no
illness or death in humans from this species has been

6. Transmission.
 With the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of
infected animals.
 Handling of infected chimpanzees, gorillas, fruit bats,
monkeys, forest antelope and porcupines found ill or
dead or in the rainforest.
 Direct contact (through broken skin or mucous
membranes) with the blood, or other bodily fluids or
secretions (stool, urine, saliva, semen) of infected
people.
 Ebola patient’s infectious fluids such as soiled clothing,
bed linen, or used needles.
 Health workers.
 Burial ceremonies.

7. How does it spread….

8. Ebola Outbreak.
 The 2014 Ebola outbreak is the largest outbreak in history
and first time in West Africa.
 The current outbreak is affecting 4 countries in West Africa:
Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone.
 WHO till 6th September and the Centers for Disease
Control reported a total of 4293 suspected cases and 2296
deaths.
 The affected countries have encountered difficulties in their
attempt to control the Ebola epidemic.
 Another outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
which has 59 possible cases and confirmed cases and 32
th

10. History of Ebola.
 Ebola virus was first isolated in 1976 during outbreaks
of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in the Democratic
Republic of the Congo and Southern Sudan.
 The name of the disease originates from the first
recorded outbreak in 1976 in Yambuku, Democratic
Republic of the Congo, which lies on the Ebola River.
 Since, 1994 Ebola outbreaks from the EBOV and
TAFV species have been observed in chimpanzees
and gorillas.
 The species was introduced in 1998 as Zaire Ebola
virus. In 2002, the name was changed to Zaire Ebola
virus.

11. Symptoms of Ebola.
 High fever
 Headache
 Joint and muscle aches
 Sore throat
 Stomach pain
 Lack of appetite
 Diarrhoea
 Vomiting
 Internal and external
bleeding.
 Weakness
 Low white blood cells
 Low platelets counts.
 Rashes
 Poor liver function
 Impaired kidney.

13. Development of Ebola.

14. Precautions for Ebola.
 Wash hands frequently.
 Avoid contact with blood and body fluids of any person,
particularly someone who is sick.
 Do not handle items that may have come in contact
with an infected person’s blood or body fluids.
 Do not touch the body of someone who has died from
Ebola.
 Do not touch bats and nonhuman primates or their
blood and fluids and do not touch or eat raw meat
prepared from these animals.
 Avoid hospitals where Ebola patients are being
treated.
 Seek medical care immediately if you develop fever
(temperature of 101.5oF/ 38.6oC)
 Ebola affected communities should be informed about

16. Probability to spread in India & USA.
 India : There is no reported case of the virus in the
country and the government is taking all precautions.
 The minister said that there are close to 45,000
Indians in affected countries and if the situation
worsened in these countries, there could be
possibility of Indians staying there travelling back to
India.
 USA : The CDC says there’s no significant risk of
Ebola in the United States. It has strong safety
measures in place for people who have Ebola and
are brought to the U.S. for treatment.

17. Is India prepared for Ebola?
 An emergency 24 hour helpline has been setup.
 Strong alerts have been issued at airports and ports.
 The most advanced surveillance and tracking systems for
the virus has been put into action.
 Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital in Delhi has been declared
as the health care center for the treatment and
management of EVD cases.
 Indian missions have contacted resident Indians in the
affected countries and they were supplied all instructive
material so that they can take preventive measures.

18. Vaccine Research.
 No licensed vaccine for EVD is available. Several
vaccines are being tested but none are available for
clinical use.
 Researchers have found that the experimental Ebola
drug “Zmapp” can help monkeys survive the deadly
infection.

20. Thanking You.
Presentation on Ebola Virus
Disease
Presented by-
Payal Sinha