Pyoderma Gangrenosum
•Download as PPT, PDF•
50 likes•18,499 views
Pyoderma gangrenosum is an uncommon inflammatory skin condition of unknown cause characterized by sterile pustules that form ulcers with necrotic margins. It typically affects adults ages 20-50 and presents as painful lesions that can develop rapidly. While the pathophysiology is poorly understood, it involves dysregulation of the immune system and neutrophils. Treatment involves immunosuppressants like corticosteroids and cyclosporine. Proper diagnosis requires ruling out infection and avoiding biopsy or surgery, as trauma can worsen lesions.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Seborrheic dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common chronic skin condition characterized by redness and scaling in areas with many sebaceous glands like the face, scalp, and skin folds. It causes mild flaking of the scalp known as dandruff. Lesions can be itchy or painful and look deep red or purple with pimple-like bumps or blisters. Treatment involves topical anti-fungal creams, steroid creams, or oral anti-fungal medication for deep infections.
Pityriasis rosea
Pityriasis rosea is a common, self-limiting skin rash characterized by oval lesions on the trunk and extremities. It is likely caused by a virus such as human herpesvirus-6 or -7. The rash begins with a single large 'herald patch' and spreads within 2-6 weeks. While usually resolving within 3 months, it causes moderate to severe itching. Treatment focuses on relieving itching with topical corticosteroids or antihistamines, with antivirals or phototherapy used in severe cases.
Erythroderma
Erythroderma is defined as the scaling erythematous dermatitis involving 90% or more of the cutaneous surface.
Also known as exfoliative dermatitis
Idiopathic exfoliative dermatitis – also known as the “red man syndrome”, is characterized by marked palmoplantar keratoderma, dermatopathic lymphadenopathy,increased IgE.
Increased skin perfusion leads to
Temperature dysregulation >
Resulting in skin loss and hypothermia >
High output state >
Cardiac failure
BMR raises to compensate for heat loss
Increased dehydration due to transpiration (similar to burns)
All lead to negative nitrogen balance and characterized by edema, hypoalbuminemia, loss of muscle mass.
Stevens Johnson Syndrome
Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a severe immune-mediated reaction involving the skin and mucous membranes. It is characterized by painful red or purplish flat blotches that develop into blisters and ulcers of the skin and mucous membranes. SJS can be caused by infections, certain medications, and some cancers. It affects the skin, eyes, mouth, lungs, and genitals. Treatment focuses on supportive care, withdrawing the triggering medication, and managing complications. The prognosis depends on the extent of organ involvement, with mortality rates reaching 35% in severe cases with over 30% body surface area affected.
NECROTIZING FASCITIS
This document discusses necrotizing fasciitis and gas gangrene. It defines necrotizing fasciitis as a necrotizing soft tissue infection along fascial planes that can present with disproportionate pain and swelling. Risk factors include diabetes and immunosuppression. Treatment involves broad-spectrum antibiotics and urgent debridement. Gas gangrene is caused by Clostridium bacteria, often after trauma. It presents with pain, swelling and crepitus, and is treated with antibiotics and radical debridement to remove necrotic muscle. Imaging may show gas in tissues. Both conditions require prompt recognition and aggressive treatment to prevent mortality.
Cutaneous tuberculosis
Cutaneous tuberculosis can present in various forms as a result of hematogenous spread or direct extension from a latent tuberculosis infection. Common types include lupus vulgaris, verrucosa cutis, and scrofuloderma. Diagnosis involves skin biopsy demonstrating tuberculoid granulomas with occasional acid-fast bacilli. Treatment consists of long-term multidrug antitubercular therapy following standard protocols for systemic tuberculosis.
Scleroderma
Systemic sclerosis, or scleroderma, is a multisystem disorder characterized by vascular abnormalities, skin and organ fibrosis, and immune system activation. It can be classified as either diffuse or limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis based on the extent and pattern of skin involvement. Common clinical features include Raynaud's phenomenon, skin thickening, gastrointestinal issues, lung fibrosis, and renal crisis. Treatment involves managing symptoms, with immunosuppressants sometimes used to modify disease progression. Prognosis depends on subtype, with limited scleroderma carrying a better long-term survival rate than diffuse disease.
Drug eruptions
This document discusses drug eruptions, including their mechanisms and presentations. It provides details on common drug reactions involving specific medications such as antibiotics, oral contraceptives, steroids, and anticonvulsants. It describes some typical reaction patterns and treatments. Drug eruptions can be allergic or non-allergic, and involve a variety of skin manifestations. Making the correct diagnosis requires considering the patient's full drug history and ruling out other potential causes.
Recommended
Seborrheic dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common chronic skin condition characterized by redness and scaling in areas with many sebaceous glands like the face, scalp, and skin folds. It causes mild flaking of the scalp known as dandruff. Lesions can be itchy or painful and look deep red or purple with pimple-like bumps or blisters. Treatment involves topical anti-fungal creams, steroid creams, or oral anti-fungal medication for deep infections.
Pityriasis rosea
Pityriasis rosea is a common, self-limiting skin rash characterized by oval lesions on the trunk and extremities. It is likely caused by a virus such as human herpesvirus-6 or -7. The rash begins with a single large 'herald patch' and spreads within 2-6 weeks. While usually resolving within 3 months, it causes moderate to severe itching. Treatment focuses on relieving itching with topical corticosteroids or antihistamines, with antivirals or phototherapy used in severe cases.
Erythroderma
Erythroderma is defined as the scaling erythematous dermatitis involving 90% or more of the cutaneous surface.
Also known as exfoliative dermatitis
Idiopathic exfoliative dermatitis – also known as the “red man syndrome”, is characterized by marked palmoplantar keratoderma, dermatopathic lymphadenopathy,increased IgE.
Increased skin perfusion leads to
Temperature dysregulation >
Resulting in skin loss and hypothermia >
High output state >
Cardiac failure
BMR raises to compensate for heat loss
Increased dehydration due to transpiration (similar to burns)
All lead to negative nitrogen balance and characterized by edema, hypoalbuminemia, loss of muscle mass.
Stevens Johnson Syndrome
Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a severe immune-mediated reaction involving the skin and mucous membranes. It is characterized by painful red or purplish flat blotches that develop into blisters and ulcers of the skin and mucous membranes. SJS can be caused by infections, certain medications, and some cancers. It affects the skin, eyes, mouth, lungs, and genitals. Treatment focuses on supportive care, withdrawing the triggering medication, and managing complications. The prognosis depends on the extent of organ involvement, with mortality rates reaching 35% in severe cases with over 30% body surface area affected.
NECROTIZING FASCITIS
This document discusses necrotizing fasciitis and gas gangrene. It defines necrotizing fasciitis as a necrotizing soft tissue infection along fascial planes that can present with disproportionate pain and swelling. Risk factors include diabetes and immunosuppression. Treatment involves broad-spectrum antibiotics and urgent debridement. Gas gangrene is caused by Clostridium bacteria, often after trauma. It presents with pain, swelling and crepitus, and is treated with antibiotics and radical debridement to remove necrotic muscle. Imaging may show gas in tissues. Both conditions require prompt recognition and aggressive treatment to prevent mortality.
Cutaneous tuberculosis
Cutaneous tuberculosis can present in various forms as a result of hematogenous spread or direct extension from a latent tuberculosis infection. Common types include lupus vulgaris, verrucosa cutis, and scrofuloderma. Diagnosis involves skin biopsy demonstrating tuberculoid granulomas with occasional acid-fast bacilli. Treatment consists of long-term multidrug antitubercular therapy following standard protocols for systemic tuberculosis.
Scleroderma
Systemic sclerosis, or scleroderma, is a multisystem disorder characterized by vascular abnormalities, skin and organ fibrosis, and immune system activation. It can be classified as either diffuse or limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis based on the extent and pattern of skin involvement. Common clinical features include Raynaud's phenomenon, skin thickening, gastrointestinal issues, lung fibrosis, and renal crisis. Treatment involves managing symptoms, with immunosuppressants sometimes used to modify disease progression. Prognosis depends on subtype, with limited scleroderma carrying a better long-term survival rate than diffuse disease.
Drug eruptions
This document discusses drug eruptions, including their mechanisms and presentations. It provides details on common drug reactions involving specific medications such as antibiotics, oral contraceptives, steroids, and anticonvulsants. It describes some typical reaction patterns and treatments. Drug eruptions can be allergic or non-allergic, and involve a variety of skin manifestations. Making the correct diagnosis requires considering the patient's full drug history and ruling out other potential causes.
Reactive arthritis
This document discusses reactive arthritis, beginning with the case of a 36-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital with acute arthritis in both knees after experiencing diarrhea. Reactive arthritis is defined as an infectious-induced systemic illness characterized by aseptic joint inflammation in a genetically predisposed individual following a distant bacterial infection. It commonly follows infections from bacteria like Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Yersinia, and Chlamydia. The presentation, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, treatment, and prognosis of reactive arthritis are described in detail.
Vitiligo
Vitiligo is a hypopigmentation disorder characterized by depigmented patches on the skin. It is caused by a loss of melanocytes in the affected areas. There are several proposed mechanisms including genetic predisposition, autoimmune attack on melanocytes, and neural mechanisms. Clinically, it presents as well-circumscribed milky white macules that may coalesce. Treatment involves phototherapy with PUVA or narrowband UVB, topical corticosteroids for localized lesions, and systemic corticosteroids for more widespread or rapidly progressive disease. Surgical interventions like melanocyte transplantation can be used for sites resistant to medical therapy.
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome Made Very Easy
A brief description of a very common bacterial skin condition affecting children and adults. Characterized by fever, rash and peeling of the skin. Useful information for medical students, doctors especially dermatologists and pediatricians and nurses. Helpful information for exam preparation of USMLE, FCPS, MCPS, MRCP derma.
Bullous diseases
This document summarizes several bullous diseases:
1. It describes the locations and characteristics of vesicles and bullae. Vesicles can form within or under the epidermis or between the dermis and epidermis.
2. It then focuses on three main immunobullous diseases - pemphigus, pemphigoid, and linear IgA bullous disease. Pemphigus is caused by antibodies against desmoglein proteins and features flaccid blisters. Pemphigoid features tense blisters caused by antibodies against basement membrane proteins. Linear IgA bullous disease clinically resembles pemphigoid.
3. Dermatitis herpetiformis is described
Dermatomyositis
Dermatomyositis (DM) is an inflammatory myopathy characterized by a distinctive rash that often precedes progressive symmetric muscle weakness. The rash may involve areas of the face, eyelids, knuckles, shoulders, and back. Muscle biopsy is required to confirm diagnosis and shows inflammation around blood vessels in the muscle tissue. Treatment involves immunosuppressive drugs like glucocorticoids to improve muscle strength and function. Prognosis is generally good with most patients improving on therapy, though relapses can occur.
Keloids
This document discusses keloids, which are non-cancerous growths that form scar tissue beyond the boundaries of the original skin injury or wound. Keloids most commonly affect individuals with darker skin and tend to run in families. While the exact causes are unknown, keloids result from an overactive inflammatory response and abnormal collagen deposition during wound healing. Common symptoms include pain, itching, and restriction of motion, as well as cosmetic concerns. Treatment involves surgical excision followed by radiation therapy within 72 hours, as this combination has shown success with a low recurrence rate. The Oncology and Cancer Center at Nairobi Hospital administers keloid treatment using radiation doses measured in Grays over one to three sessions, starting
Dermatomyositis
Dermatomyositis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin and muscles that is characterized by an autoimmune pathogenesis. It commonly presents with characteristic rashes like Gottron's papules and heliotrope rash as well as proximal muscle weakness. Dermatomyositis can also involve internal organs like the lungs, esophagus and heart. Diagnosis involves assessing clinical features, muscle enzymes, electromyography, muscle/skin biopsies and identifying myositis-specific antibodies. Prognosis depends on the severity and organ involvement, with risks of residual weakness, contractures and death from respiratory or cardiac complications.
Systemic sclerosis..scleroderma
This document provides information on systemic sclerosis (SSc), a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by thickening and hardening of the skin, and involvement of internal organs. It can present as either limited or diffuse cutaneous forms. Key clinical features include Raynaud's phenomenon, skin thickening and tightening, digital pitting scars, and internal organ involvement such as interstitial lung disease, gastrointestinal issues, and renal crisis. Diagnosis involves clinical examination and the presence of autoantibodies. Differential diagnoses include other conditions presenting with similar skin or vascular changes. Complications can affect multiple organ systems and are a leading cause of mortality.
Bullous pemphigoid
This document describes a biopsy of an 80-year-old female with a clinical diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. Microscopic examination showed a subepidermal bulla filled with plasma, neutrophils, and eosinophils. The dermis beneath showed a dense perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes, eosinophils, and plasma cells. These features are consistent with bullous pemphigoid. Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune blistering disease that typically affects the elderly and presents as large, tense bullae on the trunk and extremities. Histologically, it shows a subepidermal blister often containing eosinophils and a superficial perivascular mixed inflammatory infiltrate
Scleroderma
Scleroderma is a multisystem collagen vascular disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. It results from endothelial cell injury, fibroblast activation, and immune system involvement. The two main types are limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis, which affects the skin of the hands and face, and diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis, which has more extensive skin involvement. Major organ manifestations include pulmonary fibrosis, gastrointestinal tract abnormalities, heart and kidney involvement. Treatment focuses on preventing further organ damage through immunosuppression and addressing specific organ system complications.
cutaneous tuberculosis
Cutaneous tuberculosis can present in several forms based on the route of infection and immune status of the host. Lupus vulgaris is the most common form in adults, presenting as slowly expanding reddish plaques on the head and neck. Scrofuloderma results from contiguous spread from underlying bone or lymph node infection, causing ulcerating nodules. Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, or warty tuberculosis, occurs through inoculation and presents as painless verrucous plaques. Diagnosis involves biopsy showing granulomatous inflammation with caseation necrosis and occasionally visualizing acid-fast bacilli. Treatment involves anti-tubercular therapy targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Reactive Arthritis
Christopher Columbus may have suffered from and died of Reiter's arthritis. Reiter's arthritis is a painful inflammatory arthritis that develops after certain bacterial or viral infections, often in the genitourinary or gastrointestinal tracts. Symptoms include joint pain and swelling, eye inflammation, and genital lesions. Treatment focuses on treating underlying infections, reducing pain and inflammation, and managing joint symptoms.
Tinea dermatophytes
1. The document discusses various types of tinea or dermatophytosis, a fungal infection of the skin, hair, and nails, caused by dermatophyte fungi including Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, and Microsporum genera.
2. It describes the clinical manifestations and treatment of common types of tinea infections such as tinea corporis (ringworm of the body), tinea pedis (athlete's foot), tinea cruris (jock itch), tinea unguium (nail infection), tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp), and tinea barbae (ringworm of the beard).
3. Laboratory
Leprosy - Dermatology
Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin and nerves. There are approximately 600,000 new cases detected worldwide each year. It is endemic in many developing countries. The disease presentation exists on a spectrum from tuberculoid leprosy to lepromatous leprosy depending on the immune response. Left untreated, leprosy can cause permanent nerve damage and deformities. Standard treatment involves multidrug therapy with dapsone, rifampin, and clofazimine over the course of months or years.
Urticaria
This case involves a 25-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with shortness of breath and an expanding rash. She has a history of asthma and allergies to aspirin and shellfish. On exam, she was tachypnic, hypertensive, and had periorbital edema and scattered wheals. Her symptoms and history are concerning for anaphylaxis.
Baker's cyst
A Baker's cyst, also known as a popliteal cyst, is a fluid-filled bulge behind the knee caused by an escape of synovial fluid from the knee joint. It is most common in children aged 4-7 and adults aged 35-70. A primary cyst develops spontaneously while a secondary cyst is usually caused by an underlying knee problem like arthritis. Symptoms may include swelling, pain, and tightness behind the knee. Ultrasound and MRI scans can confirm the diagnosis. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying knee issue through rest, ice, compression, elevation, physiotherapy, injections, or occasionally surgery.
NECROTISING FASCIITIS- The flesh eating infection
NECROTISING FASCIITIS- the flesh eating infection
#surgicaleducator #necrotisingfasciitis #surgicaltutor #babysurgeon #usmle
· Dear Viewers
· Greetings from “Surgical Educator”
· Today in this episode I have discussed about Necrotising Fasciitis- the flesh eating infection
· It is common in immunocompromised patients even after trivial trauma.
· I have discussed about the overview,etiology,types,clinical features,complications and treatment of Necrotising Fasciitis
· I hope this video is interesting and also useful to all of you
· You can watch the video in the following links:
· surgicaleducator.blogspot.com youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator
Thank you for watching the video
Cellulitis
Cellulitis is an acute, spreading skin infection involving the deeper layers of skin and subcutaneous tissue. It is commonly caused by bacteria like Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. Risk factors include skin trauma, pre-existing skin infections, immunocompromised status, and diabetes. Symptoms include a red, warm, painful, and tender area of skin with swelling. Diagnosis is made clinically and confirmed with wound culture. Treatment involves antibiotics, elevation, warm compresses, and pain medication like acetaminophen. Antibiotics choices depend on severity and risk of MRSA. Cellulitis requires aggressive treatment to prevent rapid worsening and spread.
Dermatomyositis
Dermatomyositis is a rare chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation of the skin and muscles. It commonly presents with a reddish rash around the eyelids called heliotrope rash and red papules over the knuckles. Symptoms include proximal muscle weakness, skin changes like rashes and discoloration, and in some cases lung or heart involvement. Diagnosis involves diagnostic criteria of rash and muscle symptoms plus elevated enzymes and muscle biopsy. Treatment focuses on immunosuppressants like corticosteroids and azathioprine to reduce inflammation.
sebaceous cyst
Sebaceous cysts are caused by blockage of the duct of the sebaceous gland, causing the gland to become distended by its own secretion of sebum. Clinically, sebaceous cysts present as movable, non-tender swellings under the skin, often with a visible punctum or opening. They are diagnosed through examination finding fluctuation and transillumination negativity. Treatment involves surgical removal by incising the cyst and expressing its contents. Complications can arise if the cyst becomes infected or ruptured.
necrotising fascitiss.pptx
Necrotizing fasciitis has also been referred to as haemolytic streptococcal gangrene, Meleney ulcer, acute dermal gangrene, hospital gangrene, suppurative fasciitis, and synergistic necrotizing cellulitis.
Fournier gangrene is a form of necrotizing fasciitis that is localized to the scrotum and perineal area.
Nutrophilic dermatosis
This document discusses neutrophilic dermatoses, a spectrum of disorders characterized by neutrophilic infiltration of the skin without true vasculitis. Key points include:
- Common features include a neutrophilic vascular reaction, some cases having a reactive or systemic cause, disorders may coexist or occur sequentially in individuals.
- Classification includes disorders grouped by location of neutrophilic infiltrate (epidermal vs dermal).
- Pyoderma gangrenosum is discussed in depth, including its pathogenesis, associated diseases, diagnostic criteria, variants (classic, pustular, bullous etc.), investigations and histopathology. Treatment involves immunosuppressive therapy.
More Related Content
What's hot
Reactive arthritis
This document discusses reactive arthritis, beginning with the case of a 36-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital with acute arthritis in both knees after experiencing diarrhea. Reactive arthritis is defined as an infectious-induced systemic illness characterized by aseptic joint inflammation in a genetically predisposed individual following a distant bacterial infection. It commonly follows infections from bacteria like Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Yersinia, and Chlamydia. The presentation, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, treatment, and prognosis of reactive arthritis are described in detail.
Vitiligo
Vitiligo is a hypopigmentation disorder characterized by depigmented patches on the skin. It is caused by a loss of melanocytes in the affected areas. There are several proposed mechanisms including genetic predisposition, autoimmune attack on melanocytes, and neural mechanisms. Clinically, it presents as well-circumscribed milky white macules that may coalesce. Treatment involves phototherapy with PUVA or narrowband UVB, topical corticosteroids for localized lesions, and systemic corticosteroids for more widespread or rapidly progressive disease. Surgical interventions like melanocyte transplantation can be used for sites resistant to medical therapy.
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome Made Very Easy
A brief description of a very common bacterial skin condition affecting children and adults. Characterized by fever, rash and peeling of the skin. Useful information for medical students, doctors especially dermatologists and pediatricians and nurses. Helpful information for exam preparation of USMLE, FCPS, MCPS, MRCP derma.
Bullous diseases
This document summarizes several bullous diseases:
1. It describes the locations and characteristics of vesicles and bullae. Vesicles can form within or under the epidermis or between the dermis and epidermis.
2. It then focuses on three main immunobullous diseases - pemphigus, pemphigoid, and linear IgA bullous disease. Pemphigus is caused by antibodies against desmoglein proteins and features flaccid blisters. Pemphigoid features tense blisters caused by antibodies against basement membrane proteins. Linear IgA bullous disease clinically resembles pemphigoid.
3. Dermatitis herpetiformis is described
Dermatomyositis
Dermatomyositis (DM) is an inflammatory myopathy characterized by a distinctive rash that often precedes progressive symmetric muscle weakness. The rash may involve areas of the face, eyelids, knuckles, shoulders, and back. Muscle biopsy is required to confirm diagnosis and shows inflammation around blood vessels in the muscle tissue. Treatment involves immunosuppressive drugs like glucocorticoids to improve muscle strength and function. Prognosis is generally good with most patients improving on therapy, though relapses can occur.
Keloids
This document discusses keloids, which are non-cancerous growths that form scar tissue beyond the boundaries of the original skin injury or wound. Keloids most commonly affect individuals with darker skin and tend to run in families. While the exact causes are unknown, keloids result from an overactive inflammatory response and abnormal collagen deposition during wound healing. Common symptoms include pain, itching, and restriction of motion, as well as cosmetic concerns. Treatment involves surgical excision followed by radiation therapy within 72 hours, as this combination has shown success with a low recurrence rate. The Oncology and Cancer Center at Nairobi Hospital administers keloid treatment using radiation doses measured in Grays over one to three sessions, starting
Dermatomyositis
Dermatomyositis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin and muscles that is characterized by an autoimmune pathogenesis. It commonly presents with characteristic rashes like Gottron's papules and heliotrope rash as well as proximal muscle weakness. Dermatomyositis can also involve internal organs like the lungs, esophagus and heart. Diagnosis involves assessing clinical features, muscle enzymes, electromyography, muscle/skin biopsies and identifying myositis-specific antibodies. Prognosis depends on the severity and organ involvement, with risks of residual weakness, contractures and death from respiratory or cardiac complications.
Systemic sclerosis..scleroderma
This document provides information on systemic sclerosis (SSc), a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by thickening and hardening of the skin, and involvement of internal organs. It can present as either limited or diffuse cutaneous forms. Key clinical features include Raynaud's phenomenon, skin thickening and tightening, digital pitting scars, and internal organ involvement such as interstitial lung disease, gastrointestinal issues, and renal crisis. Diagnosis involves clinical examination and the presence of autoantibodies. Differential diagnoses include other conditions presenting with similar skin or vascular changes. Complications can affect multiple organ systems and are a leading cause of mortality.
Bullous pemphigoid
This document describes a biopsy of an 80-year-old female with a clinical diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. Microscopic examination showed a subepidermal bulla filled with plasma, neutrophils, and eosinophils. The dermis beneath showed a dense perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes, eosinophils, and plasma cells. These features are consistent with bullous pemphigoid. Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune blistering disease that typically affects the elderly and presents as large, tense bullae on the trunk and extremities. Histologically, it shows a subepidermal blister often containing eosinophils and a superficial perivascular mixed inflammatory infiltrate
Scleroderma
Scleroderma is a multisystem collagen vascular disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. It results from endothelial cell injury, fibroblast activation, and immune system involvement. The two main types are limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis, which affects the skin of the hands and face, and diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis, which has more extensive skin involvement. Major organ manifestations include pulmonary fibrosis, gastrointestinal tract abnormalities, heart and kidney involvement. Treatment focuses on preventing further organ damage through immunosuppression and addressing specific organ system complications.
cutaneous tuberculosis
Cutaneous tuberculosis can present in several forms based on the route of infection and immune status of the host. Lupus vulgaris is the most common form in adults, presenting as slowly expanding reddish plaques on the head and neck. Scrofuloderma results from contiguous spread from underlying bone or lymph node infection, causing ulcerating nodules. Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, or warty tuberculosis, occurs through inoculation and presents as painless verrucous plaques. Diagnosis involves biopsy showing granulomatous inflammation with caseation necrosis and occasionally visualizing acid-fast bacilli. Treatment involves anti-tubercular therapy targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Reactive Arthritis
Christopher Columbus may have suffered from and died of Reiter's arthritis. Reiter's arthritis is a painful inflammatory arthritis that develops after certain bacterial or viral infections, often in the genitourinary or gastrointestinal tracts. Symptoms include joint pain and swelling, eye inflammation, and genital lesions. Treatment focuses on treating underlying infections, reducing pain and inflammation, and managing joint symptoms.
Tinea dermatophytes
1. The document discusses various types of tinea or dermatophytosis, a fungal infection of the skin, hair, and nails, caused by dermatophyte fungi including Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, and Microsporum genera.
2. It describes the clinical manifestations and treatment of common types of tinea infections such as tinea corporis (ringworm of the body), tinea pedis (athlete's foot), tinea cruris (jock itch), tinea unguium (nail infection), tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp), and tinea barbae (ringworm of the beard).
3. Laboratory
Leprosy - Dermatology
Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin and nerves. There are approximately 600,000 new cases detected worldwide each year. It is endemic in many developing countries. The disease presentation exists on a spectrum from tuberculoid leprosy to lepromatous leprosy depending on the immune response. Left untreated, leprosy can cause permanent nerve damage and deformities. Standard treatment involves multidrug therapy with dapsone, rifampin, and clofazimine over the course of months or years.
Urticaria
This case involves a 25-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with shortness of breath and an expanding rash. She has a history of asthma and allergies to aspirin and shellfish. On exam, she was tachypnic, hypertensive, and had periorbital edema and scattered wheals. Her symptoms and history are concerning for anaphylaxis.
Baker's cyst
A Baker's cyst, also known as a popliteal cyst, is a fluid-filled bulge behind the knee caused by an escape of synovial fluid from the knee joint. It is most common in children aged 4-7 and adults aged 35-70. A primary cyst develops spontaneously while a secondary cyst is usually caused by an underlying knee problem like arthritis. Symptoms may include swelling, pain, and tightness behind the knee. Ultrasound and MRI scans can confirm the diagnosis. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying knee issue through rest, ice, compression, elevation, physiotherapy, injections, or occasionally surgery.
NECROTISING FASCIITIS- The flesh eating infection
NECROTISING FASCIITIS- the flesh eating infection
#surgicaleducator #necrotisingfasciitis #surgicaltutor #babysurgeon #usmle
· Dear Viewers
· Greetings from “Surgical Educator”
· Today in this episode I have discussed about Necrotising Fasciitis- the flesh eating infection
· It is common in immunocompromised patients even after trivial trauma.
· I have discussed about the overview,etiology,types,clinical features,complications and treatment of Necrotising Fasciitis
· I hope this video is interesting and also useful to all of you
· You can watch the video in the following links:
· surgicaleducator.blogspot.com youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator
Thank you for watching the video
Cellulitis
Cellulitis is an acute, spreading skin infection involving the deeper layers of skin and subcutaneous tissue. It is commonly caused by bacteria like Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. Risk factors include skin trauma, pre-existing skin infections, immunocompromised status, and diabetes. Symptoms include a red, warm, painful, and tender area of skin with swelling. Diagnosis is made clinically and confirmed with wound culture. Treatment involves antibiotics, elevation, warm compresses, and pain medication like acetaminophen. Antibiotics choices depend on severity and risk of MRSA. Cellulitis requires aggressive treatment to prevent rapid worsening and spread.
Dermatomyositis
Dermatomyositis is a rare chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation of the skin and muscles. It commonly presents with a reddish rash around the eyelids called heliotrope rash and red papules over the knuckles. Symptoms include proximal muscle weakness, skin changes like rashes and discoloration, and in some cases lung or heart involvement. Diagnosis involves diagnostic criteria of rash and muscle symptoms plus elevated enzymes and muscle biopsy. Treatment focuses on immunosuppressants like corticosteroids and azathioprine to reduce inflammation.
sebaceous cyst
Sebaceous cysts are caused by blockage of the duct of the sebaceous gland, causing the gland to become distended by its own secretion of sebum. Clinically, sebaceous cysts present as movable, non-tender swellings under the skin, often with a visible punctum or opening. They are diagnosed through examination finding fluctuation and transillumination negativity. Treatment involves surgical removal by incising the cyst and expressing its contents. Complications can arise if the cyst becomes infected or ruptured.
What's hot (20)
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome Made Very Easy
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome Made Very Easy
Similar to Pyoderma Gangrenosum
necrotising fascitiss.pptx
Necrotizing fasciitis has also been referred to as haemolytic streptococcal gangrene, Meleney ulcer, acute dermal gangrene, hospital gangrene, suppurative fasciitis, and synergistic necrotizing cellulitis.
Fournier gangrene is a form of necrotizing fasciitis that is localized to the scrotum and perineal area.
Nutrophilic dermatosis
This document discusses neutrophilic dermatoses, a spectrum of disorders characterized by neutrophilic infiltration of the skin without true vasculitis. Key points include:
- Common features include a neutrophilic vascular reaction, some cases having a reactive or systemic cause, disorders may coexist or occur sequentially in individuals.
- Classification includes disorders grouped by location of neutrophilic infiltrate (epidermal vs dermal).
- Pyoderma gangrenosum is discussed in depth, including its pathogenesis, associated diseases, diagnostic criteria, variants (classic, pustular, bullous etc.), investigations and histopathology. Treatment involves immunosuppressive therapy.
Pyogenic granuloma
This case report describes a 51-year-old female patient who complained of a localized gingival growth for over 2 years. After examination and biopsy, the patient was diagnosed with pyogenic granuloma. The lesion was treated with intralesional injections of the sclerosing agent sodium tetradecyl sulfate at multiple sites over several sessions, resulting in complete regression of the lesion without complications. Sclerosing agents like sodium tetradecyl sulfate are an effective first-line treatment for small vascular lesions like pyogenic granuloma due to their simplicity, low cost, and ability to resolve lesions without surgery or hospitalization in many cases.
Leg ulcer D/Ds
This document presents a case report of a 31-year-old male patient with recurrent leg ulcers over the past 16 months. An examination revealed a leg ulcer consistent with pyoderma gangrenosum. Investigations ruled out other potential causes. A skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum. The patient was treated with topical and oral steroids, along with dapsone, which resulted in significant improvement of the ulcer over subsequent weeks.
Necrotizing fascitis
DETAILED DISCUSSION OF NECROTIZING FASCIITIS.
A SOFT TISSUE INFECTION. USUALLY CALLED AS FLESH EATING BACTERIAL INFECTION. CAUSED BY BACTERIA. AFFECTS THE SOFT SKIN TISSUES
CELLULITIS AND NECROTISING FASCITIS PPT.pptx
This document discusses cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, and gas gangrene. Cellulitis is a spreading skin infection below the skin surface caused commonly by Streptococcus bacteria. Necrotizing fasciitis is a serious soft tissue infection that spreads rapidly along fascial planes, and risk factors include diabetes and immunosuppression. Gas gangrene is a necrotizing soft tissue infection of muscle caused by Clostridium bacteria, often following trauma. It is characterized by pain, swelling, and crepitus or gas in tissues. Treatment for these conditions involves antibiotics, surgical debridement of infected tissues, and management of the underlying risk factors or injuries.
Git vasculitis
This document discusses gastrointestinal (GIT) vasculitis. It begins by noting that GIT vasculitis can affect blood vessels of all sizes and cause local or diffuse pathological changes in the GIT. Clinical features include ulcers, edema, hemorrhage, bowel ischemia, and perforation. The document then discusses various types of vasculitis that can involve the GIT, including large vessel vasculitis like Takayasu arteritis, medium vessel vasculitis like polyarteritis nodosa, and small vessel vasculitis like ANCA-associated vasculitis. Specific GIT manifestations of different types of vasculitis are described. The document emphasizes that diagnosis requires clinical suspicion along with radiological and histological confirmation via endoscopy
Bmj33300181
Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare ulcerating skin disease with unclear etiology. Treatment is typically immunosuppression with corticosteroids or ciclosporin. Recently, anti-TNF agents like infliximab have shown effectiveness based on case reports and a small randomized controlled trial. The article reviews clinical presentation, variants, histology, differential diagnosis, and treatment approaches for pyoderma gangrenosum.
steven johnson syndrome
- A 7-year-old boy presented with a new rash, fatigue, cough, and irritated lips. Examination found diffuse papular skin lesions, conjunctival injection, and cracked lips.
- This presentation is consistent with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), a severe mucocutaneous reaction typically caused by medications. SJS involves epidermal necrosis and detachment that ranges in severity.
- Management involves withdrawal of any offending medications, supportive care including wound care and fluid management, and possible immunosuppressants though evidence is limited. Prognosis depends on the severity and extent of skin and mucosal involvement.
Ulcerated lobular panniculitis.pptx
- A 30-year-old woman presented with ulcerated lobular panniculitis on her arm as the initial manifestation of anti-Mi-2-alpha positive dermatomyositis. She developed additional symptoms over time including ulcers on her hands and forearms.
- Treatment with steroids, hydroxychloroquine and methotrexate provided an initial response but her panniculitis relapsed with decreased steroids. Rituximab led to resolution of her lesions.
- Ulcerated lobular panniculitis can precede other dermatomyositis symptoms and is a rare cutaneous manifestation. Rituximab may be effective for refractory cases like the
Vitiligo, Pityriasis rosea, Discoid lupus erythematosus, erythema multiforme
Here are the answers to your test:
1. C - Herald patch
2. D - All of the above
3. B - False
4. A - Melanocytes
5. B - False
6. Erythema multiforme - It describes the target or iris-like lesions.
7. Discoid lupus erythematosus - It is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the skin.
8. Malar rash - It is a butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose seen in systemic lupus erythematosus.
9. Systemic lupus erythematosus - It is an autoimmune disease that can
Skin, Soft Tissue, & Bone Infections Symposia - The CRUDEM Foundation
This is the Skin, Soft Tissue, & Bone Infections Symposia presented in Milot, Haiti at Hôpital Sacré Coeur in 2011. CRUDEM’s Education Committee (a subcommittee of the Board of Directors) sponsors one-week medical symposia on specific medical topics, i.e. diabetes, infectious disease. The classes are held at Hôpital Sacré Coeur and doctors and nurses come from all over Haiti to attend.
ERTHEMA GYRATUM REPENS & ERTHEMA MARGINATUM RHEUMATICUM DERMATOLOGY
This document discusses two conditions - Erythema gyratum repens and Erythema marginatum rheumaticum. Erythema gyratum repens causes concentric, migrating bands on the skin and is often associated with underlying malignancy. Erythema marginatum rheumaticum causes annular rashes and is a diagnostic criterion for rheumatic fever following streptococcal infection. Both conditions are described in detail, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, differential diagnoses, and management approaches.
Skin and soft tissue infections 26 march 18
Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections are common and can range from mild to life-threatening. The document discusses the most common bacterial causes of skin infections like impetigo, folliculitis, and cellulitis which are usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. More severe complicated infections like necrotizing fasciitis are often polymicrobial but can also be caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The document provides details on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of various bacterial skin and soft tissue infections.
Skin conditions of surgical Importance.pptx
This document summarizes common skin conditions and infections of surgical importance. It discusses bacterial infections like folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles and cellulitis. It also covers fungal infections like actinomycosis and viral infections like human papilloma virus. Benign and malignant skin tumors are outlined. Deeper skin infections such as necrotizing fasciitis, pyomyositis and hidradenitis suppurativa are also described. Diagnostic testing, treatment options and management approaches are provided for many of the conditions.
Limb Salvage in Severe Necrotizing Fascitis.pptx
A patient with severe limb infection in whom the amputation was the first option.
Dr Majd Alhaddadin, Consultant General and Laparoscopic Surgeon, performed a transmetatrsal amputation with extensive tissue debridement and falp creation, followed by vacuum therapy and 2 stages wound closure. Fortunately xth limb was saved and the patient returned to his normal job.
Surgical site infection
This document discusses various surgical site infections including:
1. Boils, carbuncles, and hidradenitis suppurativa which are infections of hair follicles and sweat glands caused by bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus. Treatment involves antibiotics and drainage.
2. Impetigo, a contagious skin infection in children caused by Staphylococcus or Streptococcus that forms blisters and crusts. It is treated with oral antibiotics and topical antiseptics.
3. Septicemia and pyemia, serious bloodstream infections that can lead to organ dysfunction or failure. Gram-positive infections commonly originate from the skin while gram-negative infections often start in
Soft tissue infections surgery
This document provides an overview of various soft tissue infections, including their presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. It discusses impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles, cellulitis, erysipelas, necrotizing fasciitis, pyomyositis, and clostridial myonecrosis. The key points are: impetigo typically presents as blisters that rupture and form honey-colored crusts in children; cellulitis presents as warm, swollen, tender skin but lacks pus; necrotizing fasciitis is a severe infection requiring urgent debridement and antibiotics to treat widespread fascial necrosis; and clostridial myonecrosis following trauma can
CME DERMATOLOGY.pptx
This document provides an overview of common dermatological problems, including skin infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. It describes primary and secondary skin lesions and then discusses several common bacterial infections like impetigo, cellulitis and erysipelas. Viral skin infections from herpes simplex, herpes zoster and human papillomavirus are also outlined. Finally, fungal infections from dermatophytes, candida albicans and pityrosporum are briefly covered. The document aims to describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of these prevalent dermatological conditions.
Diabetic foot disease
Diabetic foot disease results from neuropathy, ischemia, and infection leading to tissue breakdown and ulceration. It is a major cause of lower limb amputation. Key factors in management include ensuring adequate vascular supply, controlling infection, offloading pressure from the foot, and surgical debridement of wounds. Regular foot screening helps identify at-risk patients so preventive measures can be taken.
Similar to Pyoderma Gangrenosum (20)
Vitiligo, Pityriasis rosea, Discoid lupus erythematosus, erythema multiforme
Vitiligo, Pityriasis rosea, Discoid lupus erythematosus, erythema multiforme
Skin, Soft Tissue, & Bone Infections Symposia - The CRUDEM Foundation
Skin, Soft Tissue, & Bone Infections Symposia - The CRUDEM Foundation
ERTHEMA GYRATUM REPENS & ERTHEMA MARGINATUM RHEUMATICUM DERMATOLOGY
ERTHEMA GYRATUM REPENS & ERTHEMA MARGINATUM RHEUMATICUM DERMATOLOGY
Recently uploaded
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdf
Time-lapse embryo monitoring is an advanced imaging technique used in IVF to continuously observe embryo development. It captures high-resolution images at regular intervals, allowing embryologists to select the most viable embryos for transfer based on detailed growth patterns. This technology enhances embryo selection, potentially increasing pregnancy success rates.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
Call Girls In Mumbai +91-7426014248 High Profile Call Girl Mumbai
Call Girls In Mumbai +91-7426014248 High Profile Call Girl Mumbai
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
une 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s Perspective
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
Patellar Instability: Diagnosis Management
Pictorial and detailed description of patellar instability with sign and symptoms and how to diagnose , what investigations you should go with and how to approach with treatment options . I have presented this slide in my 2nd year junior residency in orthopedics at LLRM medical college Meerut and got good reviews for it
After getting it read you will definitely understand the topic.
Top Travel Vaccinations in Manchester
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
acne vulgaris -Mpharm (2nd semester) Cosmetics and cosmeceuticals
cosmetics and cosmeceuticals
Muskan
mpharm
2nd semester
Guru Gobind Singh college of pharmacy, yamunanagar, haryana
Acute Gout Care & Urate Lowering Therapy .pdf
In this document , the management of acute gout attacks and a description of urate lowering therapy is mentioned.
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapy
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Fallopian tube blockage may cause female infertility. For treatment, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can be a solution.
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
Challenges associated with ageing from a public health perspective
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort. Recently uploaded (20)
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdf
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdf
Tele Optometry (kunj'sppt) / Basics of tele optometry.
Tele Optometry (kunj'sppt) / Basics of tele optometry.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.
Call Girls In Mumbai +91-7426014248 High Profile Call Girl Mumbai
Call Girls In Mumbai +91-7426014248 High Profile Call Girl Mumbai
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
acne vulgaris -Mpharm (2nd semester) Cosmetics and cosmeceuticals
acne vulgaris -Mpharm (2nd semester) Cosmetics and cosmeceuticals
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Pyoderma Gangrenosum
- 1. UCI EMERGENCY MEDICINE AUGUST 24, 2011 JENNIFER ARMSTRONG Pyoderma Gangrenosum
- 2. Pyoderma gangrenosum Uncommon noninfectious ulcerative cutaneous condition of uncertain etiology.
- 3. What is Pyoderma Gangrenosum Often mistaken as an infection Pustules form and give way to ulcers with necrotic, undermined margin Primarily sterile inflammatory neutrophilic dermatosis.
- 4. Epidemiology •Any age 20-50 •F>M •All races equal •Takes on a number of differing clinical presentations
- 5. Pyoderma Gangrenosum: 2 varients 2 primary variants are a classic ulcerative form 1 – Lower extremities 2 – Hands More superficial Called atypical
- 6. The different clinical types of PG Variants-Typical findings Ulcerative PG Ulceration with rapidly evolving purulent wound ground Pustular PG Discrete pustules, sometimes self-limited, commonly associated with inflammatory bowel disease Bullous PG Superficial bullae with development of ulcerations Vegetative PG Erosions and superficial ulcers
- 7. Pathophysiology • Poorly understood • Dysregulation of the immune system, specifically altered neutrophil chemotaxis, is believed to be involved
- 9. What to look for Begin as extremely painful solitary nodules Deep seated pustules Rupture and form a shaggy ulcer Some pustules do not progress to ulcers Boarders are deep violaceous or dusky color Bright erythema extend from the ulcer Can be lesions of oral mucosa, vulva, eyes Necrosis is common Purulent coating in the center common Can have oder
- 10. Who is at risk of pyoderma gangrenosum? Pyoderma gangrenosum often affects a person with an underlying internal disease such as Inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease) Rheumatoid arthritis Myeloid blood dyscrasias Chronic active hepatitis Wegener granulomatosis
- 11. Key Clinical Findings Starts quite suddenly, often at the site of a minor injury. It may start as a small pustule, red bump or blood-blister. The skin then breaks down resulting in an ulcer which can deepen and widen rapidly. Any trauma worsens the lesion
- 12. Treatment - Pyoderma Gangrenosum Options Mild • Intralesional corticosteroids Moderate/Severe • Prednisone: 0.5-2mg/kg PO. Divided into 4x daily • Usually weeks to months • Cyclosporine-A: 0.5-1.0 mg /kg/day. Divide BID • Rapid response and marked improvement of pain Surgical • NEVER! • NO I/D, NO biopsy Referral • Dermatology for management is indicated for multiple lesions
- 13. Wound Care All Cases Saline soaked dressing Occlusive dressing discouraged Until disease is controlled
- 14. Diagnosis Often misdiagnosed Diagnosed by its characteristic appearance. There is no specific test. The wound should be swabbed and cultured for micro- organisms, but these are not the cause of pyoderma gangrenosum. Mostly, blood tests are not particularly helpful. Some patients may have a positive ANCA. The pathergy test is usually positive (a skin prick test causing a papule, pustule or ulcer).
- 16. References • ON REQUEST THANK YOU!!