Lesson 1 in Introduction to Philosophy and Human Nature

1. Doing Philosophy

2. Objectives
• a. Analyze the characteristics of Holistic perspective from Partial
point of view.
• b. Apply the examples relating to value of doing philosophy in
obtaining broad perspective on life
• c. Summarize the holistic perspective and partial point of view

3. MELC
• 1.1 Distinguish Holistic Perspective from Partial point of view
• 1.2 Realize the value of doing philosophy in obtaining a broad
perspective on life
• 1.3 Do a philosophical reflection on a concrete situation from a
holistic perspective

4. Introduction

5. • 1. What do you notice from the picture?
• 2. Did anyone get the correct answer? Why or why not?
• 3. What does this picture imply about our effort to understand
the realities of life or answer our perennial problems?

6. How would you know if you’re doing philosophy?
• Where am I?
• How do I know It?
• What should I do?

7. Philosophy
•Love of wisdom

8. • Holistic Perspective It is the idea that various systems
(e.g. physical, biological, social) should be viewed as
wholes, not merely as a collection of parts. While Partial
Point of view refers focuses on the specific aspect of
the situation

9. Thales
• Father of western Philosophy in the Western Civilization
• What made Thales a philosopher is his desire to know the ultimate stuff
that makes up the different things we perceived. You see when we look at
the world we encounter different things: people, trees, clouds, mountains,
rivers, etc. Now Thales believed that despite the different things we
encounter there is one underlying stuff or substance in which everything
is composed. He believes that there is One in the Many.

10. Religion and Philosophy
• Religion rests on faith while Philosophy rests on reason.

11. Greatest Contribution of Thales
• His greatest contribution is the problem he posed “What is the
ultimate stuff of the universe?” and his approach in solving that
problem.

12. Scope of Philosophy
• 1. Philosophers are concerned with the nature of knowledge
• 2. Philosophy is all about fundamentals
• 3. Philosophy is about the desire to integrate things into one
coherent whole

13. Branches of Philosophy
• Metaphysics- Studies the existence and characteristics of human
nature
• Epistemology- studies the nature and means of human knowledge
• Ethics- Considered as the technology of philosophy it tells us how
human beings ought to function as a human being. A branch of
philosophy that provides a human being with a “code of values to
guide man’s choices and actions
• Politics- which defines the principles of a proper social system
• Aesthetics- studies the nature of art. It is concerned with the nature
and the objective judgement of beauty.

14. Purpose of reason
• To arrive on a certain knowledge or truth

15. Philosophical tools and processes
• Philosophical Questions- Philosophy was born because of
ignorance. If one is ignorant, he asks questions and if he keeps
on questioning the more knowledge he acquires. Once a person
stops questioning, he cease to become a philosopher.
• Socratic Method- based on asking and answering questions to
stimulate critical thinking and to draw out ideas and underlying
presuppositions.
• Dialectic Method- it is a discourse between two or more people
holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to
establish the truth through reasoned arguments.

16. Types of Philosophical Questions
• Socratic Method- based on asking and answering questions to
stimulate critical thinking and to draw out ideas and underlying
presuppositions.
• Dialectic Method- it is a discourse between two or more people
holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to
establish the truth through reasoned arguments.

17. Logical Reasoning
• In philosophy reasoning is the process of thinking about
something in a logical way in order to form a conclusion
or judgement

18. Types of Logical Reasoning
• Deductive Reasoning
Premise 1: All human beings are mortal
Premise 2: But the President of the Philippines is a human being
Conclusion: Therefore, the President of the Philippines is mortal.
• Inductive Reasoning
• Premise: Student A, B, C, D, E, F….. are wearing School ID.
• Conclusion: Therefore, All students are wearing ID

19. Philosophical Reflection
• Its trajectory is to see the bigger picture about
everything

20. Philosophical Reflection
• Primary Reflection- which is the ability to think logically. The ability of
the mind to construct and evaluate arguments. It examines its object by
abstraction, by analytically breaking it down into its constituent parts. It is
concerned with definitions, essences and technical solutions to problems.
• Secondary reflection. According to Marcel this type of reflection enables
us to look deeper into our experiences and see the bigger picture of
reality. It integrates the fragmented and compartmentalized experience
into a whole. It is the idea that various systems (e.g. physical, biological,
social) should be viewed as wholes, not merely as a collection of parts.

21. Activity 1
• Create a position paper relating to the existence of K to 12 curriculum
in the educational system of the Philippines. Does it need any
modification or revision to fill the gaps relating to educational crisis.
Criteria
• Content 3
• Relation to the topic 3
• Originality 4
• Total 10

22. Activity 2
• Direction: Complete the statements below
• I learned that Philosophy is____________________
• I feel that Philosophy is important because______________
• I commit to apply Philosophy in_______________________

23. Activity 2
• Direction: Complete the statements below
• I learned that Philosophy is____________________
• I feel that Philosophy is important because______________
• I commit to apply Philosophy in_______________________

24. Take home activity
Directions: Choose a topic below and formulate up to 9
questions relating to Covid 19 pandemic.
1. Simple/silly questions
•
•
•
2. Serious Questions
•
•
3. Deep Questions

25. THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!

26. Pre- Test
Directions: Write True if the statement is correct and False if the statement is
wrong.
1.___________Thales is the father of Philosophy
2.___________ Religion rests on reason

27. Pre- Test
3.___________Thales is the father of Philosophy
4.___________ Religion rests on reason
5.___________ Holistic perspective is an idea that
relies on the collection of parts and viewing it as
whole

28. Doing Philosophy

29. Objectives
• a. Analyze the characteristics of Holistic perspective from Partial
point of view.
• b. Apply the examples relating to value of doing philosophy in
obtaining broad perspective on life
• c. Summarize the holistic perspective and partial point of view

30. Metaphysics
• Where Am I?
• It is the study of existence and deals with the fundamental
characteristics of human nature.
• Those pertaining to the nature of existence
• The categories of space and time
• The existence of God
• The immortality of Human Soul

31. Epistemology
• How do I know it?
• It concerns on human knowledge and the way to obtain it.
• Reason, Intuition, instinct or Revelation
• Does the knowledge between on the things we perceived or
something else
• We need epistemology to guide us in knowing since we make
mistakes from time to time

32. Ethics
• What should I do?
• Technology of Philosophy. It tells us human beings ought to
function as a human being. But in order to describe how human
beings ought to act we must know how a human being is
• According to Ayn Rand ethics or morality is a branch of
philosophy that provides a human being with a “code of values
to guide man’s choices and actions - the choices and actions that
determine the course of his life

33. Politics
• The principle of proper social system, proper means it
presupposes that one knows what a human being is.
Example:
• How does government works?
• Does the government makes any move to obtain economic
progress.

34. Aesthetics
• It studies the nature of art. It is concerned with
the nature and the objective judgement of beauty.
Example:
• What makes something beautiful?
• What makes something an art?

35. Directions:
Activity 1
Directions: Students may draw or write their own
description of human knowledge inside the human mind.
Creativity is a must in this activity. Students can be creative
through drawing or writing.

36. Quiz
Directions: Write True if the statement is correct and False if the statement is
wrong.
1.___________Thales is the father of Philosophy
2.___________ Religion rests on reason

37. Quiz
3.___________Thales is the father of Philosophy
4.___________ Religion rests on reason
5.___________ Holistic perspective is an idea that
relies on the collection of parts and viewing it as
whole

38. Quiz
6.___________Epistemology is considered as the
study of existence
7.___________ Human Knowledge can be acquired
through intuition
8.___________ Partial point of view is an idea that
relies on the collection of parts and viewing it as
whole

39. Quiz
9.___________Ethics is considered as the study of
art and beauty
10.___________ Philosophy focuses on integrating
things into one coherent whole.

40. Doing Philosophy

41. Objectives
• a. Analyze the characteristics of Holistic perspective from Partial
point of view.
• b. Apply the examples relating to value of doing philosophy in
obtaining broad perspective on life
• c. Summarize the holistic perspective and partial point of view

42. MELC
• 1.1 Distinguish Holistic Perspective from Partial point of view
• 1.2 Realize the value of doing philosophy in obtaining a broad
perspective on life
• 1.3 Do a philosophical reflection on a concrete situation from a
holistic perspective

43. Philosophical Tools
•Philosophical Questions
•Logical Reasoning
•Philosophical Reflection

44. Philosophical Questions
• Philosophy was born because of ignorance. If one is ignorant he asks
questions the more he questions the more knowledge he acquires. Once
the person stop questioning he cease to become a philosopher

45. Types of Philosophical Questions
• Socratic Method- based on asking and answering questions to stimulate
critical thinking and to draw out ideas and underlying presuppositions.
• Dialectic Method- it is a discourse between two or more people holding
different points of view about a subject but wishing to establish the
truth through reasoned arguments.

46. Logical Reasoning
In philosophy reasoning is the process of thinking about something in a
logical way in order to form a conclusion or judgement

47. Logical Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning
Premise 1: All human beings are mortal
Premise 2: But the President of the Philippines is a human being
Conclusion: Therefore, the President of the Philippines is mortal.
Inductive Reasoning
Premise: Student A, B, C, D, E, F….. are wearing School ID.
Conclusion: Therefore, All students are wearing ID

48. Philosophical Reflections
Its trajectory is to see the bigger picture about everything

49. Philosophical Reflections
• Primary Reflection- which is the ability to think logically. The ability
of the mind to construct and evaluate arguments. It examines its object
by abstraction, by analytically breaking it down into its constituent parts.
It is concerned with definitions, essences and technical solutions to
problems.
• Secondary reflection. According to Marcel this type of reflection
enables us to look deeper into our experiences and see the bigger
picture of reality. It integrates the fragmented and compartmentalized
experience into a whole. It is the idea that various systems (e.g. physical,
biological, social) should be viewed as wholes, not merely as a collection
of parts.

50. Activity 1
• Create an essay about Plato’s quotation about “The examined life
is not worth living”.

51. Assessment
Directions: Write True if the statement is correct and False if the
statement is wrong
• 1. Socratic Method is an example of logical reasoning
• 2. “Dialectics is a term used to describe a method of
Philosophical argument that involves some sort of contradictory
process.
• 3. Philosophy is considered as science
• 4. Socrates created the famous Socratic Method
• 5. Reasoning is an example of doing philosophy

52. Take home activity
Activity 1: Students will create a script pertaining to a short film to
be created by them relating to Holistic Perspective
Activity 2: Students will create a short clip that will show an
example of Holistic Perspective in Doing Philosophy