It is some part of kinesiology and biomechanics. It helps you at different places and the content is very easy to read.

1. KINESIOLOGY AND BIOMECHANICS
BY -: JATIN KUMAR

2. TOPIC
▪ 1 -> PRINCIPLE OF OPTIMUM PATH OF ACCELERATION.
▪ 2 -> PRINCIPLE OF COUNTER FORCE.
▪ 3 -> EXERCISES FOR FOLLOWING MUSCLES ARE :-
▪ (a) -> Teres Major and Minor.
▪ (b) -> Rhomboids.

3. PRINCIPLE OF OPTIMUM PATH
OF ACCELERATION…
Principle of Optimum Acceleration Path Acceleration is defined as
the change in speed per unit of time. It can be in both positive and
negative form. In sports, however, only positive acceleration is
important.
Acceleration depends on the ratio of force [F] to mass [m].
Consequently: if a higher force acts on a lower mass, the
acceleration increases. The principle of optimum acceleration
path, as a biomechanical principle, aims to give the maximum
ultimate speed to a body, body part or a piece of sports equipment.
However, since biomechanics are physical laws regarding the
human organism, the acceleration path is not maximal but optimal
due to the physiological conditions and leverage of the muscles.
Example: The distance of acceleration during hammer throwing
can be increased several times by additional rotary movements,
but this is unethical. Sitting too deep during a stretch jump
extends the acceleration distance, but causes an unfavorable lever
ratio and is therefore not practical.
P.T.O

4. PRINCIPLE OF OPTIMUM PATH
OF ACCELERATION…
In recent sports science this law is called the principle of
the tendency of the optimal acceleration path
(HOCHMUTH). The focus is not on reaching the
maximum final speed, but on optimizing the
acceleration-time curve. In shot put, the duration of
acceleration is not important, it is just about reaching
the final speed. On the other hand, in boxing, it is more
important to move the hand as fast as possible to
prevent the opponent from taking action. In the shot put,
the onset of acceleration can be kept low and there is a
high acceleration only towards the end of the movement.

5. PRINCIPLE OF COUNTER FORCE
The production of any force will create another force opposite
and equal to the first force.
An athlete can jump higher off a solid surface because it
opposes his body with as much force as he is able to
generate, in contrast to sand or other unstable surface.
EXAMPLES INCLUDE:-)
1.. DECREASED FRICTION ON ICE.
2.. INCREASED FRICTION RUNNING IN THE SAND.

6. FOLLOWING EXERCISES
FOR
TERES MAJOR AND TERES MINOR
TERES MAJOR
Its name is derived from the
Latin word teres, meaning
“rounded” and major being the
bigger of the two teres
muscles. This muscle is located
above the latissimus dorsi. The
teres major muscle attaches to
the humerus and the scapula.
TERES MINOR
The name teres comes for the
Latin word "rounded" and
minor from it being the smaller
of the two teres muscles. One
of the four muscles that
comprise the rotator cuff, the
teres minor is located below
the infraspinatus and above the
teres major and next to the
triceps brachii.

7. FUNCTIONS
OF
TERES MAJOR AND TERES MINOR
TERES MAJOR…
The teres major helps with the internal
and medial rotation of the humerus
(upper arm) by pulling the anterior
surface of the humerus towards the
trunk. It also helps to extend the arm
from a flexed position. The teres major
is sometimes referred to as the
climbing muscle as it works in unison
with the pectoralis major (pecs) and
latissimus dorsi(lats) muscles to pull the
trunk via adduction when its humeral
attachment is fixed. This muscle also
supports and helps to stabilize the lats
especially in wood chopping
movements. The teres major action
plays an important role many arm
swinging movements.
TERES MINOR….
The teres minor and the infraspinatus
work in conjunction to hold the
humeral head in the glenoid cavity of
the scapula. Apart from this, the teres
minor action helps stabilize the
shoulder, supports external rotation of
the shoulder and aids in the adduction
and extension of the shoulder.

8. TERES MAJOR AND TERES MINOR

9. TERES MAJOR AND TERES MINOR
EXERCISES….!
1. DUMBBELL PULLOVER
2. CABLE STRAIGHT ARM PULLDOWN
3. INVERTED ROW
4. UNDERHAND YATES ROW

10. DUMBBELL PULLOVER

11. CABLE STRAIGHT ARM PULLDOWN

12. INVERTED ROWS

13. UNDERHAND YATES ROW

14. FOLLOWING EXERCISES
FOR
RHOMBOID MUSCLES
▪ Rhomboid muscles are divided into two parts are – Rhomboid major and
Rhomboid minor and together they make rhomboid shape.
▪ The rhomboid muscle is located in the upper back. It helps connect the
shoulder blades to the rib cage and spine.
▪ Rhomboids are a collective group of muscles formed by the rhomboid
major and minor. The rhomboids are important in upper limb movement
and stability of both the shoulder girdle and scapula.
▪ Both sets of rhomboids connect your spine (cervical and thoracic vertebrae)
to the medial borders of your shoulder blades ( scapula's ) at a diagonal
angle.

15. RHOMBOID MUSCLES

16. RHOMBOID EXERCISES
1. BENTOVER ROWS ( OVER HAND )
2. LANDMINE ROWS
3. REAR DELT FLYS
4. PRONE LATERAL RAISE

17. BENTOVER ROWS ( OVER HAND )

18. LANDMINE ROWS

19. REAR DELT FLYS

20. PRONE LATERAL RAISE