2. Recognize the major categories of
biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins and nucleic acid.
3.
4.
5. - is any molecule that is produced by a living
organisms, including large macromolecules such as
proteins, polysaccharides, lipids and nucleic acids.
• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Lipids
• Nucleic Acid
BIOMOLECULES
6.
7. • Most common biomolecule.
• Primary energy source of our body.
• Building block/ monomer: monosaccharides
CARBOHYDRATES
8. • Formula: (CH₂O)ₙ where n is the
number of molecules.
• Elements : C – H - O
• Classifications :
1. Monosaccharides
2. Disaccharides
3. Polysaccharides
11. POLYSACCHARIDES
• Complex sugar (C₆H₁₀O₅)ₙ where n is the
number of carbon atoms.
• Examples:
1. Starch
2. Glycogen
3. Cellulose
4. Chitin
12. 1. Starch
• Used for energy storage in plants.
• They provide a quick form of energy for the
body.
13. 2. Glycogen
• Used for energy storage in animals.
• When the body doesn’t need glucose for
energy, it stores it in a liver and muscles in the
form of glycogen.
15. 4. Chitin
• Forms the exoskeleton of certain insects and
crustaceans.
16. TEST FOR CARBOHYDRATES
1. Iodine Test – test used to determine the presence of
starch in materials.
• Positive result – violet to
black
• Negative result – yellow
color
17. TEST FOR CARBOHYDRATES
2. Benedict’s Test – test used for simple carbohydrates.
• Green – 0.1 – 0.5 % sugar in solution
• Yellow – 0.5 – 1 % sugar is present
• Orange – 1 – 1.5 % sugar is present
• Red – 1.5 – 2.0 % sugar is present
• Brick red – more than 2 % of sugar is
present.
18.
19. PROTEINS
• Body building molecules which
will help us grow.
• Transport molecules in and out of
the cell.
• Control the speed of chemical
reactions.
• Use for growth and repair.
20. PROTEINS
• Building blocks: amino acid
• General Formula: RCH(NH₂)COOH. R is a side
chain, usually an amino acid.
• Elements: C – H – O - N
Hemoglobin
Albumin
22. TEST FOR PROTEINS
1. Biuret Test – a chemical test used to determine the presence
of a peptide bond in a substance.
23.
24. NUCLEIC ACIDS
• These molecules are not
necessarily from food.
• Biomolecular components of
hereditary material are present
in DNA.
• Building blocks: nucleotides
• Elements: C – H – O – N - P
25.
26.
27. LIPIDS
• Energy – giving molecules, but they are more
commonly referred as the stored – energy molecules.
• They store more energy than carbohydrates and
proteins.
• Building blocks: fatty acids.
• General Formula: CH₃(CH₂)ₙ COOH
28. LIPIDS
• Elements – C – H - O
• Lipids provide mechanical
protection for the internal
organs of the body and
serve as the water proof
covering in some plants and
animals.
29. LIPIDS
• Examples: Steroids, cholesterol, fats, oils, nuts, waxes
• They are hydrophobic and do not dissolve in water.
30. TEST FOR LIPIDS
1. Ethanol Emulsion
- ethanol is added to the
sample. Lipids are not present
if the substance remains
colorless. Lipids are present if a
layer of cloudy white
suspension forms above the
solution.
31.
32. Activity 2
In a long bond paper, draw a box showing the picture of four categories of
biomolecules. Include a title or heading in each box. Each picture must
include color.
CARBON COMPOUNDS IN LIVING THINGS
Description
Required Elements: (35)
The poster include all required elements as well as additional information.
Graphics Relevance: (30)
All graphics are related to the topic and make it easier to understand.
Attractiveness: (35)
The poster is exceptionally attractive in terms of design, layout, and neatness.
35. Made up of
nucleotides
Made up of fatty
acids & glycerol
Made up of simple
sugars
Made up of
amino acids
Oils RNA
Butter
Bread
Rice
Pasta
Beans
DNA
Editor's Notes
The food you eat affects you. If you eat unhealthy food, you will also have unhealthy body.
Bakit puro pagkain? because we will try to classify food according to the biomolecules that you can get from them.
A type of fat with certain chemical properties that is usually solid at room temperature. Most saturated fats come from animal food products, but some plant oils, such as palm and coconut oil, also contain high levels.
Unsaturated fats, which are liquid at room temperature, are considered beneficial fats because they can improve blood cholesterol levels such as olive, safflower, and sunflower oil. High concentrations of unsaturated fats are also found in olives, avocados, nuts, and seeds.