This document discusses the major categories of biomolecules - carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It defines each category, provides examples, and explains their structures and functions, such as how carbohydrates are used for energy storage, proteins for growth and repair, and lipids for long-term energy storage. The document also discusses the importance of biomolecules in daily life and includes an assignment to classify foods into these biomolecule categories.

2. What is your favourite food?

3. OBJECTIVES
• Recognize the major categories of biomolecules such as
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids (S10MT-IVc-d-22)
• Differentiate the major categories of biomolecules.
• Explain the biomolecules from each other in terms
of their structure and function.

4. • molecules that occur naturally in livingorganisms
• Large molecules that are needed in life
• organic, meaning they contain carbon
• building block: monomer
• typically acquired from food

7. • Most common biomolecule
• Energy production and storage
• Essential part of our diet
Formula: (CH2O)n
where n= no of molecules.
CARBOHYDRATES

8. Classification of Carbohydrates
1. MONOSACCHARIDE
mono means one
saccharide means sweet
• Simplest sugar and the monomer of carbohydrate
Examples:

10. 2. DISACCHARIDE
• composed of two monosaccharide molecules
• (C12H22O11)

11. 3. POLYSACCHARIDE
• Poly means many
• composed of many monosaccharide molecules linked together

12. STARCH
-Used for energy storage in plants
-Provide quick form of energy for the body

13. GLYCOGEN
-Used for energy storage in animals
When the body doesn’t need glucose
for energy, it stores it in the liver and
muscles in the form of glycogen.

14. CELLULOSE
• Found in plants, in cell walls and bark of
trees
• Gives us fiber

15. CHITIN
-forms in the exoskeleton of certain insects
and crustaceans

17. • Body building molecules which help us grow
• Control the speed of chemical reactions
• Used for growth, repair and maintenance
• Helps prevent infection and diseases
• Transport and store other molecules
• Building blocks/monomer: amino acids
General Formula: RCH(NH2)COOH.
R is a side chain usually an amino acid.
Elements: C-H-O-N
PROTEINS

21. Adults only need to obtain eight of
them: valine, isoleucine, leucine,
lysine, methionine, phenylalanine,
threonine and tryptophan
The ninth amino acid - histidine - is only
essential for infants

24. LIPIDS
• Energy giving molecules but commonly referred as the stored energy
molecules
• Great source of long term energy
• Hydrophobic and do not dissolve in water
• Building block: fatty acids and glycerol
• General Formula: CH3(CH2)n COOH

25. LIPIDS
• Provide mechanical protection for the internal organs of the body and
serve as waterproof covering in some plants and animals.
The waxy, greasy, or oily compounds found in plants and animals.
• wax coating that protects plants
• insulation against cold

28. Why unsaturated fats are considered as healthier?
• The carbon-hydrogen covalent bond is packed with energy. The more
of these bonds in a molecule, the more calories in the molecule has.
Since saturated fats have a maximum number of carbon-hydrogen
bonds, they have the most calories.

30. NUCLEIC ACIDS
• responsible for the transmission of inherent characters from parent to
the offspring.
• responsible for the synthesis of protein in our body
• Building blocks: nucleotides
• Not necessarily from food
• Elements: C-H-O-N-P

33. Give importance of Biomolecules in our daily lives

34. QUESTIONS or CLARIFICATIONS

35. ASSIGNMENT
Classify the foods that can be
found in your respective homes
as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
and nucleic acid.