ASTM International's Introduction, Histroy of development and ASTM A-53 & A-106 pipe manufacturing standards awareness training

Huffaz Seamless Pipe Industries Limited
By: Jahanzeb Mahar
Manager OCTG & MR

Disclaimer
• This presentation is prepared on the most appropriate data and information
available on internet and ASTM International Books, Standards and
Specifications.
• I have tried to extract the most accurate data and information from these
sources in order to provide latest and accurate historical and technical
information to the attendees
• As it includes various information about ASTM International, it should be clear
that there may be a margin of error in this presentation, so the actual standard
may supersede this information in case of any contradiction
• Emphasis are given on understanding the requirements of Seamless Pipes.
However, welding is discussed a bit

In the name of Allah, the most Gracious, the most Merciful

Introduction, History and Basic Awareness Training on ASTM;
ASTM A53 & ASTM A106 Pipe Manufacturing Standards
Mostly Used in Huffaz Seamless Pipe Industries Limited

Contents 1. Introduction to American Society of
Testing and Materials “ASTM”, History of
Development and Standard Compliance
2. ASTM Material Designation System
3. Introduction, application and difference
between ASTM A-53 & ASTM A-106
Standards
4. Material Requirements
5. Acceptable Process of Manufacturing
6. Inspection and Testing Requirements
7. Tolerance in dimensions
8. Marking Requirements
9. Inspection and Test Documents

Introduction to American Society of Testing and Materials
“ASTM” and History of Development
• ASTM International, formerly known as American Society for Testing and Materials, is
an international standards organization that develops and publishes voluntary consensus
technical standards
• ASTM Publishes wide range of materials, products, systems, and services standards
• Approximately 12,575 ASTM standards operate globally.
• ASTM founded in 1898 as the American Section of the International Association for
Testing Materials
• The organization's headquarter is in West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, northwest
of Philadelphia.
• ASTM International predates other standards organizations such as
the BSI (1901), IEC (1906), DIN (1917), ANSI (1918), AFNOR (1926), and ISO (1947).

History of Development
• A group of scientists and engineers, led by Charles Benjamin Dudley formed
ASTM in 1898.
• The first standard developed by the group was for rail breaks and steel used to
fabricate rails.
• They called this group the "American Society for Testing Materials" and in 1902,
it became popular with this name "American Society for Testing and Materials“.
• In 2001 it became the “ASTM International” and added the tagline "Standards
Worldwide".
• In 2014, it changed the tagline to "Helping our World Work better".
• ASTM International has offices in Washington D.C, Belgium, Canada, China, and
Peru

Standard Compliance
• ASTM International has no role in requiring or enforcing compliance with its
standards.
• The standards, however, may become mandatory when referenced by an
external contract, customer or government.
• In United States, ASTM standards have been adopted, by incorporation or by
reference, in many federal, state, and municipal government regulations.
• In Pakistan, ASTM standards have been adopted and referred by various
customers like E&P sector, Boiler and Pressure vessel Fabricators, Contraction
industry, Sugar industries, Refineries, and governmental organizations.
• Compliance to the ASTM International standard can be achieved through
meeting the actual requirements of that standard in which the order is placed
and its all referenced specification and test methods.

Standard Compliance
ASTM standards mostly do not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if
any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer and
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ASTM Material Designation System
Every ASTM standard is identified by a unique designation. It includes a capital letter (A – H), followed by a
serial number ranging from one to four digits, a dash, and finally the year of issue. For example, a common
Seamless Pipe Manufacturing Specification is ASTM A106 – 18.
The alphabetical letters represent general classifications. Outlined under each classification are a number of
standards for a variety of products, materials, testing processes, and many other topics.
General ASTM Classifications
A - Ferrous Metals
B - Nonferrous Metals
C - Cementitious, Ceramic, Concrete, and Masonry Materials
D - Miscellaneous Materials
E - Miscellaneous Subjects
F - Materials for Specific Applications
G - Corrosion, Deterioration, and Degradation of Materials
H - Joint Committee and District Recipients

Introduction,
Application and Difference
between ASTM A53 & ASTM
A106 Standards

Introduction, ASTM A-53 & ASTM A-106 Standards
They are the most commonly used carbon steel pipe
types in industry today.
• ASTM A53 is Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel,
Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and
Seamless.
• ASTM A106 is Standard Specification for Seamless
Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service.

Ordering Information
• Information items to be considered,
if appropriate, for inclusion in the
purchase order are as follows:
• Specification designation (A53 or
A106, including year of issue),
• Quantity (feet, meters, or number of
lengths), Grade,
• Type of Pipe in case of A53
• Finish (black or galvanized), A53
• Size (either nominal (NPS) [DN] and
weight class or schedule number, or
both; or outside diameter and
nominal wall thickness),
• Length (specific or random),
• End finish (plain end or threaded,
• Threaded and coupled, if desired,
• Threads only (no couplings), if desired,
• Plain end, if desired,
• Couplings power tight, if desired,
• Taper tapped couplings for NPS 2 and
smaller, if desired,
• Close coiling, if required,
• Skelp for tension tests, if permitted,
• Certification,
• End use of material,
• Special requirements, and Selection of
applicable level of preservation and
• packaging and level of packing required

• ASTM A53 Pipes convey fluid at low/medium pressure and are also used for Mechanical
applications. An A53 Pipe can be welded or seamless can be produced in three main types “F”
Continuous welding /longitudinal furnace butt weld not suitable for forging “S” Seamless hot rolled
and cold finished and “E” ERW. Pipe of this specification is intended for mechanical and pressure
applications and is also acceptable for ordinary uses in steam, water, gas, and air lines. It is suitable
for welding, and suitable for forming operations involving coiling, bending and flanging.
• As the Scope defines, ASTM A106 Pipes convey fluid at high temperature and pressure. high-heat
service environments put added stress on pipe, so seamless pipe types are preferred in those
settings since they are at less risk of failure under stress than their welded counterparts. Pipe of this
specification is intended for mechanical and high temperature/pressure applications and is also
acceptable for ordinary uses in steam, water, gas, and air lines. It is suitable for butt welding, and
suitable for forming operations involving coiling and bending.
Application

Difference Between ASTM A53 & 106 Pipes
• Sizes: NPS 1⁄8 to NPS 26, having various
Wall thickness schedules up to 160.
• Type of Pipe: A53 Pipe can be welded or
seamless can be produced in three main
types “F” Continuous welding
/longitudinal furnace butt weld “S”
Seamless hot rolled and cold finished
and “E” ERW.
• Material: Steel for both seamless and
welded pipe shall be made by one or
more of the following processes: open-
hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-
oxygen.
• Application: This pipes can be used in
low or medium temperature
• Chemical: A53 has slight difference from
A106. as shown in the subsequent slides
• Sizes: NPS 1⁄8 to NPS 48 having various
Wall thickness schedules as per ASME B
36.10.
• Type of Pipe: A106 Pipe can be
seamless only.
• Material: Steel shall be killed steel, with
the primary melting process being open-
hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-
furnace, possibly combined with
separate degassing or refining.
• Application: Pipes can be used in high
pressure and temperature services.
• Chemical: Silicon is given min 0.1% to
provide heat resistance in A106 pipe,
which is rated for high-temperature
service. Other differences are shown in
the subsequent slides
ASTM A53 ASTM A106

• Diameter tolerance for NPS 1-1/2 and
under is + 0.4 mm and for NPS 2 and
above + 1%
• Wall thickness tolerance – 12.5%.
• Wight/mass tolerance + 10%
• Heat treatment is not particularly
defined for pipe body. The weld seam of
electric-resistance welded pipe in Grade
B shall be heat treated after welding to a
minimum of 540°C so that no
untempered martensite remains, or
otherwise processed in such a manner
that no untempered martensite
remains.
• Straightness: The finished pipe shall be
reasonably straight.
• Diameter tolerance 1⁄8 to 1-1⁄2, + 0.4
mm – 0.4 mm, Over 1-1⁄2 to 4, + 0.8 -
0.8, Over 4 to 8, + 1.6 - 0.8, Over 8 to 18,
+ 2.38 - 0.8
• Wall thickness tolerance – 12.5%.
• Wight/mass tolerance + 10%, - 3.5%
• Heat treatment, Hot-finished pipe need
not be heat treated. Cold-drawn pipe
shall be heat treated after the final cold
draw pass at a temperature of 650°C or
higher.
• Straightness: The finished pipe shall be
reasonably straight.
ASTM A53 ASTM A106

• Cold Expansion: when pipe is cold
expanded, the amount of expansion
shall not exceed 1.5 % of the outside
diameter of pipe size.
• Lab Testing:
• Chemical Analysis:
• Heat Analysis: Not specified
• Product Analysis: The purchaser permits
to perform an analysis of two pipes from
each lot of 500 lengths. The steel shall
conform to the specified requirements
• Cold Expansion: Not defined
• Lab Testing:
• Chemical Composition:
• Heat Analysis: An analysis of each heat
of steel shall be made by the steel
manufacturer to determine the
percentages of the each specified
elements which shall be within the
specified limited
• Product Analysis: Analyses of two pipes
from each lot of 400 lengths of each size
up to, but not including NPS 6, and from
each lot of 200 lengths of each size NPS
6 and over, shall be made by the
manufacturer from the finished pipe
• Bending Requirement:
ASTM A53 ASTM A106

• Bending Requirement: NPS 2 and under
pipe shall stand being bent cold through
90° around a cylindrical mandrel, the
diameter of which is twelve times the
outside diameter of the pipe, without
developing cracks. When ordered for
close coiling, the pipe shall stand being
bent cold through 180°, the diameter of
which is eight times the diameter of the
pipe without failure
• Tensile Testing: The material shall conform
to the requirements of tensile properties. The
test specimen taken across the weld shall
show a tensile strength not less than the
minimum tensile strength specified for the
grade of pipe ordered. This test will not be
required for pipe under NPS 8.
• Tensile Testing: The material shall
conform to the requirements as to
tensile properties.
ASTM A53 ASTM A106

• Transverse tension test specimens for
electric-welded pipe NPS 8 and larger
shall be taken opposite the weld. All
transverse test specimens shall be
approximately 40 mm wide in the gage
length, and shall represent the full wall
thickness of the pipe from which the
specimen was cut.
• Flattening Test: The flattening test shall be
made on pipe over NPS 2 with all thicknesses extra
strong and lighter. For seamless pipe, a test
specimen at least 60 mm in length shall be
flattened cold between parallel plates in two steps.
During the first step, which is a test for ductility, no
cracks or breaks on the inside, outside, or end
surfaces shall occur until the distance between the
plates is less than the value of H calculated as
follows: H = (1 +e)t/(e + t/D)
• Flattening Test: NPS 2 and over a section of
pipe not less than 63.5 mm in length shall be
flattened cold between parallel plates until the
opposite walls of the pipe meet. Flattening
tests shall be in accordance with Specification
A 530/A 530M
ASTM A53 ASTM A106

• Hydrostatic Test: The hydrostatic test
shall be applied, without leakage
through the pipe wall, to each length of
pipe. For seamless pipe, each length of
plain-end pipe shall be hydrostatically
tested to the calculated pressures, and
each threaded-and-coupled length shall
be hydrostatically tested to the
calculated pressures. It shall be
permissible, at the discretion of the
manufacturer, to perform the
hydrostatic test on pipe with plain ends,
with threads only, or with threads and
couplings and also shall be permissible
to test pipe in either single lengths or
multiple lengths.
Hydrostatic Test: Each length of pipe shall
withstand without leakage through the pipe
wall, a hydrostatic test. When specified by
the purchaser, it shall be permissible for
pipe to be tested by the nondestructive
electric test in lieu of the hydrostatic test.
ASTM A53 ASTM A106

• End Finish: When ordered with plain ends,
the pipe shall be furnished to the following
practice, unless otherwise specified. NPS 1-
1⁄2 and Smaller, Unless otherwise specified
on the purchase order, end finish shall be
at the option of the manufacturer. NPS 2
and Larger Pipe of standard or extra strong
weights, or in wall thickness less than 12.7
mm, other than double extra strong pipe,
shall be plain-end beveled with ends
beveled to an angle of 30°, +5°, − 0°,
measured from a line drawn perpendicular
to the axis of the pipe, and with a root face
of 1.6 mm + 0.8 mm. Pipe with wall
thicknesses over 12.7 mm, and all double
extra strong, shall be plain-end square cut.
• End Finish: NPS 1-1/2 and Smaller—All
walls shall be either plain-end square cut,
or plain-end beveled at the option of the
manufacturer. NPS 2 and Larger—Walls
through extra strong weights, shall be plain
end-beveled. NPS 2 and Larger—Walls over
extra strong weights, shall be plain-end
square cut.
• NOTE: Plain-end beveled is defined as
plain-end pipe having a bevel angle of 30°,
+5° or -0°, as measured from a line drawn
perpendicular to the axis of the pipe with a
root face of 1.6 + 0.8 mm. Other bevel
angles may be specified by agreement
between the purchaser and the
manufacturer.
ASTM A53 ASTM A106

• End Finish: When ordered with threaded
ends, the pipe ends shall be provided with
a thread in accordance with the gaging
practice and tolerances of ANSI B1.20.1.
When ordered with couplings, one end of
each length of pipe shall be provided with a
coupling manufactured in accordance with
Specification ASTM A865. The coupling
threads shall be in accordance with the
gaging practice of ANSI B1.20.1. The
coupling shall be applied handling-tight,
unless power-tight is specified on the
order. Couplings are to be made of steel.
• End Finish: Threading and coupling is not
defined in this standard. However, if
specified by the purchaser threading and
coupling can be done as per ANSI
B1.20.1
ASTM A53 ASTM A106

• Lengths: Unless otherwise specified, pipe lengths
shall be in accordance with the following regular
practice.
• Pipe of weights lighter than extra strong shall be in
single-random lengths of 16 to 22 ft. but not more
than 5 % of the total number of threaded lengths
are permitted to be jointers (two pieces coupled
together). When ordered with plain ends, 5 % are
permitted to be in lengths of12 to 16 ft. Pipe of
extra-strong and heavier weights shall be in
random lengths of 12 to 22 ft. 5% are permitted to
be in lengths of 6 to 12 ft. When extra-strong or
lighter pipe is ordered in double-random lengths,
the minimum lengths shall be not less than 22 ft.
with a minimum average for the order of 35 ft.
When lengths longer than single random are
required for wall thicknesses heavier than extra-
strong, the length shall be subject to negotiation.
When pipe is furnished with threads and
couplings, the length shall be measured to the
outer face of the coupling.
• Lengths: Pipe lengths shall be in
accordance with the following regular
practice: The lengths required shall be
specified in the order, and, no jointers are
permitted unless otherwise specified.
• If definite lengths are not required, pipe
may be ordered in single random lengths of
16 to 22 ft. with 5 % 12 to 16 ft., or in
double random lengths with a minimum
average of 35 ft. and a minimum length of
22 ft. with 5 % 16 to 22 ft.
ASTM A53 ASTM A106

Standard Grade
Chemical Composition %
C Mn P S Si Cr Cu Ni Mo V
ASTM
A106
A 0.25 0.27-0.93 ≤ 0.035 ≤ 0.035 > 0.10 ≤ 0.40 ≤0.40 ≤ 0.40 ≤ 0.15 ≤ 0.08
ASTM
A106
B ≤ 0.30 0.29-1.06 ≤ 0.035 ≤ 0.035 > 0.10 ≤ 0.40 ≤0.40 ≤ 0.40 ≤ 0.15 ≤ 0.08
ASTM
A106
C ≤ 0.35 0.29-1.06 ≤ 0.035 ≤0.035 > 0.10 ≤ 0.40 ≤0.40 ≤ 0.40 ≤ 0.15 ≤ 0.08
ASTM
A53
A ≤ 0.25 ≤ 0.95 ≤ 0.05 ≤0.045 – ≤ 0.40 ≤ 0.40 ≤ 0.40 ≤ 0.15 ≤ 0.08
ASTM
A53
B ≤ 0.30 ≤ 1.20 ≤ 0.05 ≤0.045 – ≤ 0.40 ≤ 0.40 ≤ 0.40 ≤ 0.15 ≤ 0.08
Comparison of Chemical Composition

Comparison of Chemical Composition
When we compare between A106-B and A53-B from chemical
composition point of view, we find that :
1. A106 contains Silicon, min. 0.10% where A53-B has zero%,
and silicon is the important element for improving the
heat resistance criteria.
2. A106 contains Manganese 0.27-1.06%, where A53-B 1.2%.
3. A106 contains low Sulfur and Phosphorus, max. 0.035%
where A53 contains 0.05 and 0.045% respectively.

Mechanical Properties
Standard Grade
Tensile Strength
(MPa)
Yield Strength
(MPa)
Elongation
(%)
ASTM A106 A > 330 ≥ 205 a
ASTM A106 B > 415 ≥ 240 a
ASTM A106 C > 485 ≥ 275 a
ASTM A53 A > 330 ≥ 205 a
ASTM A53 B > 415 ≥ 240 a
a The minimum elongation in 2 in. (50.8 mm) shall be determined by the following equation:
e= 625 000A^0.2 / U^0.9

Raw Material Requirements
ASTM A53 ASTM A106
The steel for both seamless and
welded pipe shall be made by one
or more of the following
processes:
• open-hearth
• electric-furnace
• basic-oxygen.
The steel shall be killed steel,
with the primary melting process
being:
• open-hearth
• basic-oxygen
• electric-furnace
possibly combined with separate
degassing or refining.

Acceptable Process of Manufacturing
This specification covers the
following types and grades:
Type F—Furnace-butt welded,
continuous welded Grade A,
Type E—Electric-resistance
welded, Grades A and B, and
Type S—Seamless, Grades A and
B.
Seamless only.
For pipe NPS 1-1⁄2 and under, it
shall be permissible to furnish
hot finished or cold drawn.
Unless otherwise specified, pipe
NPS 2 and over shall be
furnished hot finished. When
agreed upon between the
manufacturer and the purchaser,
it is permissible to furnish cold
drawn pipe.
ASTM A53 ASTM A106

Acceptable Process of Manufacturing
Galvanized Pipe:
Galvanized pipe ordered under
this specification shall be coated
with zinc inside and outside by
the hot-dip process.
The zinc used for the coating
shall be any grade of zinc
conforming to Specification B 6.
Black Pipe only:
Pipe furnished in this
specification shall be black
coated or bare as specified in the
order
ASTM A53 ASTM A106

Inspection and Testing Requirements
ASTM A53 ASTM A106
Chemical Analysis: Product Analysis only
Mechanical Testing: Tensile
Bending test: for NPS 2 and under
Flattening test: for NPS 2 and above
Hydro Test: all pipes
NDT: mandatory for type-E pipe, as an
alternative to hydro test for type S pipe,
UT, EMI, Flux leakage testing one method
or combination of methods shall be
applied
Dimensional testing: random inspection of
all Pipes
Chemical Analysis: Heat Analysis &
Product Analysis
Mechanical Testing: Tensile
Bending test: for NPS 2 and under
Flattening test: for NPS 2 and above
Hydro Test: all pipes
NDT: When specified by the
purchaser, UT, EMI, Flux leakage
testing one method or combination
of methods shall be applied
Dimensional testing: random
inspection all Pipes

Tolerance in dimensions of ASTM A-53 &
ASTM A-106 Standards
• Diameter: tolerance for NPS 1-1/2
and under is + 0.4 mm and for NPS 2
and above + 1%
• Wall thickness: tolerance – 12.5%.
• Wight/mass: tolerance + 10%
• Straightness: Reasonable straight
• Diameter: tolerance 1⁄8 to 1-1⁄2,
+ 0.4 mm – 0.4 mm, Over 1-1⁄2 to 4,
+ 0.8 - 0.8, Over 4 to 8, + 1.6 - 0.8,
Over 8 to 18, + 2.38 - 0.8
• Wall thickness: tolerance – 12.5%.
• Wight/mass: tolerance + 10%, - 3.5%
• Straightness: Reasonable straight
ASTM A53 ASTM A106

Marking Requirements of ASTM A-53
Each length of pipe shall be legibly marked in the following sequence by rolling,
stamping, or stenciling:
• Manufacturer’s name or mark,
• Specification number (year of issue not required),
• Size (NPS and weight class, schedule number), or
• Nominal wall thickness; or specified outside diameter and nominal wall thickness),
• Grade (A or B), Type of pipe (F, E, or S),
• Test pressure, seamless pipe only,
• Nondestructive electric test, seamless pipe only (if applicable),
• length shall be marked in feet and tenths of a foot, or meters to two decimal places, dependent
upon the units to which the pipe was ordered. The location of such marking shall be at the option of
the manufacturer.
• Heat number, lot number, run number, The location of such marking shall be at the option of the
manufacturer.
• For pipe NPS 1-1⁄2 and smaller that is bundled, it shall be permissible to mark this information on a
tag securely attached to each bundle.

Marking Requirements of ASTM A-106
The marking shall include:
• Manufacturer’s name or mark,
• Specification number (year of issue not required),
• Size (NPS and weight class, schedule number), or
• nominal wall thickness; or specified outside diameter and nominal wall thickness), an additional
symbol“ S”
• Length in feet and tenths of a foot, or meters to two decimal places, depending on the units to
which the material was ordered, or
• Heat Number
• other marking subject to agreement. For sizes NPS 1-1⁄2, 1-1⁄4, 1,
• and 3⁄4, each length shall be marked as prescribed in Specification A 530/A 530M. These sizes shall
be bundled in accordance with standard mill practice and the total bundle footage marked on the
bundle tag; individual lengths of pipe need not be marked with footage. For sizes less than NPS 3⁄4,
all the required markings shall be on the bundle tag or on each length of pipe and shall include the
total footage; individual lengths of pipe need not be marked with footage. If not marked on the
bundle tag, all required marking shall be on each length.

Inspection and Test Documents
The producer or supplier shall, upon
request, furnish to the purchaser a
certificate of inspection stating that
the material has been manufactured,
sampled, tested, and inspected in
accordance with this specification
(including year of issue), and has
been found to meet the
requirements.
When test reports are requested, in
addition to the requirements of
Specification A 530/A 530M, the producer
or supplier shall furnish to the purchaser a
chemical analysis report for the elements
specified.
ASTM A53 ASTM A106

ASTM International's Introduction, Histroy of development and ASTM A-53 & A-106 pipe manufacturing standards awareness training

ASTM International's Introduction, Histroy of development and ASTM A-53 & A-106 pipe manufacturing standards awareness training

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