9. Your readers can’t know where any
word, idea, or information in your
sentence comes from unless you tell
them. . It could be your own idea, or
from the source you just mentioned,
or from acompletely different source.
That’s why you need to tell them!
10. REFERENCING
• Referencing is a standardized method of
acknowledging and attributing sources of
information and ideas you have used in
academic undertakings such as assignments or
research, in a way that identifies the source.
• It is not just imperative to avoid plagiarism, but
also essential to strengthen one’s ideas and
arguments.
11. TWO PARTS OF REFERENCING
1. IN TEXT CITATION
2. REFERENCING LIST ENTRY
12. 1. IN TEXT CITATION
• In-text citations are included in the writings to
acknowledge the sources of information used.
• An in-text citation provides information about the
author, the year the information was published, and
in some cases, the location of the information such
as a page number or paragraph number (if
applicable).
13. An in-text citation can be presented
in different ways:
1. The author(s) names are part of the sentence,
appearing outside the brackets.
Example:
Schwartz (2020), and Roberts & Kim (2017) show
significant percentage of teachers from those
countries who still experienced stress and burnout.
14. An in-text citation can be presented
in different ways:
1. The author(s) names are part of the sentence,
appearing outside the brackets.
Example:
In the context of this study, the TLE teachers’
challenges on their profession as enumerated from
the result of studies by Ariaso & Tancinco (2016)
and Retome et. al. (2013) clearly form part of the
job demands of those TLE teachers.
15. An in-text citation can be presented
in different ways:
2. All the referencing information appears within
brackets
Example:
Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE)
teachers are experiencing the challenges on their
field relevant to its mission of providing 21st
century skills development and progress among
Filipino learners (Cabanog, 2017; Pallasigue, 2016).
16. An in-text citation can be presented
in different ways:
2. All the referencing information appears within
brackets
Example:
There is considerably great challenge for TLE
teachers as viewed from several studies revealing
problems and difficulties that they have
experienced (Ariaso et.al., 2016; Salatan, 2018; Tan,
2021).
17. TIP
Tip! use ‘and’ when your authors
names form part of the sentence;
use ‘&’ when the authors names
appear within brackets.
23. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by
Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and
infographics & images by Freepik
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