Introduction to Emotions-Types -Influencing Factors

1. EMOTIONS
DR. M. JOTHILAKSHMI 1

2. INTRODUCTION
• “Feelings that generally have both physiological and cognitive
elements and that influence behavior”.
• “Complex state of feeling that results in physical and psychological
changes that influence thought and behavior”.
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3. IMPORTANCE
• Intrapersonal functions of emotion
• Refer to the role that emotions play within each of us individually.
• Interpersonal functions of emotion
• Refer to the role emotions play between individuals within a group.
• Social and cultural functions of emotion
• Refer to the role that emotions play in the maintenance of social order
within a society.DR. M. JOTHILAKSHMI 3

4. FEATURES
• We express our emotions to others through nonverbal behaviours,
and we learn about the emotions of others by observing them.
• Emotions are the normally adaptive mental and physiological
feeling states that direct our attention and guide our behaviour.
• Emotional states are accompanied by arousal, our experiences of the
bodily responses.
• The most fundamental emotions, known as the basic emotions, are
those of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise.DR. M. JOTHILAKSHMI 4

5. FEATURES
• Emotions are combined; Multiple emotions
• Emotions are universal; irrespective of gender, nationality other
biological and social factors.
• All humans and animals have emotions; for people, level and types of
emotions are determined by both biological and social factors unlike
other creatures.
• Emotions are exist and stimulated by external factors; people show
different levels of emotions either high or low.
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6. FUNCTIONS OF EMOTIONS
• Preparing for action: “Fight-Flight”
• Shape future behavior: Through learning
• Help to interact with others: Social affiliation
• Motivate people: “to balance emotions”
• Induce learning: To overcome emotions-sadness/frustration or
overjoy
• Empathy people: To put yourselves in to other shoes
• Decision making & Problem Solving
• To be successful: Personally & Professionally
• Lead us to be emotionally intelligent
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7. TYPES OF EMOTIONS
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8. SOURCES OF EMOTIONS
• AGE
• GENDER
• SLEEP
• HEALTH STATUS
• STRESS
• BODY EXERCIS
• SOCIAL ACTIVITIES
• FINANCIAL STATUS
• WEATHER
• PERSONALITY
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9. THEORIES OF EMOTIONS
• JAMES-LANGE THEORY
• CANNON-BARD THEORY
• SCHACHTER-SINGER THEORY
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10. JAMES-LANGE THEORY
• “William James and Carl Lange”:
• Emotional experience is a reaction to bodily events occurring as a
result of an external situation (“I feel sad because I am crying”).
• Best-known examples of a physiological theory of emotion.
• When you see an external stimulus that leads to a physiological
reaction.
• Emotional reaction is dependent upon how you interpret those
physical reactions.
• EX: when you see a stranger following you-> your heart beat rises
– you interpret as fear”
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11. JAMES-LANGE THEORY
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12. CANNON-BARD THEORY
• “Walter Cannon and later Philip Bard “
• Both physiological arousal and emotional experience are produced
simultaneously by the same nerve stimulus.
• James- Lange theory has some weakness:
• You jog in a park – You have raised heartbeat->it is assumed as Fear
• Physical and psychological experience of emotion happen at the same time and that one
does not cause the other.
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13. CANNON-BARD THEORY
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14. SCHACHTER-SINGER THEORY
• Emotions are determined jointly by a nonspecific kind of physiological
arousal and its interpretation, based on environmental cues.
• Known as the two-factor theory of emotion, the Schachter-Singer Theory is an
example of a cognitive theory of emotion.
• This theory suggests that the physiological arousal occurs first, and then the
individual must identify the reason for this arousal to experience and label it as an
emotion.
• A stimulus leads to a physiological response that is then cognitively interpreted
and labeled which results in an emotion.
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15. SCHACHTER-SINGER THEORY
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