𝙽𝚎𝚞𝚛𝚘𝚙𝚜𝚢𝚌𝚑𝚘𝚕𝚘𝚐𝚢 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚘𝚍𝚞𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗,𝚑𝚒𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚛𝚢,𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚋𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜

1. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
NEUROPSYCHOLOGY

2. Introduction of Neuropsychology
History of Neuropsychplogy
Branches of Neuropsychplogy
1.
2.
3.
CONTENT OF NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-

3. INTRODUCTION OF NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
Neuropsychology is a branch of psychology that is
concerned with how the brain and nervous system influence
persons behaviour.
In this branch of psychology the focus is on how injuries or
illness of the brain affect cognitive function and behavior.
Neuropsychology is a sub speciality of psychology that
studies brain-behaviour relationship.
The main discoveries have been obtain through studies of
injuries, observing what behaviour the subject stopped
doing after damage in a certain area of the brain these
studies comes from both humans and animals.

4. CONTINUE.
Neuropsychology is a combination of psychology and
neuroscience.
What it takes from psychology-
Neuropsychology takes from psychology the interest in
the study cognitive, behavioural, and emotional
dimensions of the human being.
What it takes from neuroscience-
It extracts from neuroscience it's theoretical framework,
knowledge about structure and functioning the nervous system,
as well as pathologies, or abnormalities of the nervous system.

5. Neuropsychology is a interdisciplinary science,
because a part of knowledge that comes from the
psychology, anatomy, biology, physiology,psychiatry,
pharmacology, etc.
It is both an experimental and clinical field of
psychology thus coming to understand how
behaviour and cognition are influenced by brain
function and concerned with the diagnosis and
treatment of behavioural and cognitive effects of
neurological disorder.
CONTINUE.

6. HISTORY OF NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
Neuropsychology is a relatively new discipline
within the field of psychology.
The first book defining the field 'fundanmental of
psychology' was initially published by Kolb &
Whishaw in1980.
Many times bodily functions were approached from
religious point of view and abnormalities were
blamed on bad spirits and the gods.
It has taken hundreds of years to develop our
understanding of the brain and how it affects our
behaviour.

7. Ancient Egypt.
Aristotle.
Hippocrates.
Rene Descartes.
Thomas Willis.
Franz Joseph Gall.
Jean Baptiste Bouillaud.
Paul Broca.
Carl Wernicke.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
CONTENT OF HISTORY-

8. 1.ANCIENT EGYPT
In ancient Egypt writing on medicine from
the time of the priest imhotep(Egyptian)
They took a more scientific approach to
medicine and disease, describing the
brain, trauma, abnormalities, and remedies
for reference for future physicians.
2.ARISTOTLE
He believed the heart to be in control of
mental process and looked on the
brain,due to it's inert nature as mechanism
for cooling the heat generated by heart.
He drew his conclusions based on the
empirical study of animals

9. 3.HIPPOCRATES
He drew a connection between the brain and
behaviour of the body.
He introduced the concept of the mind which was
widely seen as a seperate function apart from the
actual brain organ.
4.RENE DESCARTES
Descartes focused much of his anatomical
experimentation on the brain, paying attention to the
pineal gland.
Descartes was convinced the mind had control over the
behaviours of the body but also that the body could have
influence over the mind which is reffered to as dualism.

10. It was Willis who coined the words
'hemisphere' and 'lobe' when reffering to
the brain.
Willis looked at the specialized structures
of the brain.
through his in depth study of the brain
and behaviour, Willis concluded that
automated responses such as breathing,
heartbeats and other various motor
activities were carried out within the lower
region of the brain.
5.THOMAS WILLIS

11. 6.FRANZ JOSEPH GALL
He theorized that personality was directly related to
features & structures within the brain.
Galls major contribution within the field of neuroscience
in his envention of phrenology.
This new discipline looked at the brain as an
organization of the mind, where the shape of skull could
ultimately determine ones intelligence and personality
7.JEAN BAPTISTE BOUILLAUD
By looking at over a hundred different case studies,
Bouillaud came to discover that it was through different
areas of the brain that speech is completed and
understood.
By observing people with brain damage, his theory was
made more concrete.

12. 8.PAUL BROCA
Paul Broca commited much of his study to the
phenomena of how speech is understood and
produced.
Broca's observation and methods are widely considered
to be where neuropsychology really takes form as a
recognizable and respected discipline.
9.CARL WERNICKE
Interested in understanding how abnormalities could
be localized to specific brain regions.
Along with Paul Broca, Wernicke's contribution
greatly expanded the present knowledge of language
development and localization of left hemispheric
functions.

13. Clinical Neuropsychology.
Experimental Neuropsychplogy.
Comparative Neuropsychplogy.
Cognitive Neuropsychplogy.
1.
2.
3.
4.
BRANCHES OF NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-

14. Clinical Neuropsychology is a speciality field within
clinical psychology, dedicated to understanding the
relationships between brain and behavior.
Particularly as these relationships can be applied to
the diagnosis of brain disorder, assessment of
cognitive and behavioral functioning and the design
of effective treatment.
Clinical psychology deals with patients who have
lesions of the brain. These lesion may be the effects
of desease of the brain , or be the result of other
biochemical changes, perhaps caused by toxic
substances (J.Garaham Beaumont).
1.CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY

15. Experimental Neuropsychology uses empirical methods to
study the physiological structure of the nervous system and
how it influences cognition and behavior.
Experimental neuropsychologists rely on various techniques
such as neuropsychological assessment, brain imaging, EEG
to study the higher functions in the brain.
Experimental Neuropsychplogy encompasses both healthy
functioning and imapairement in a variety of areas and
relies on numerous techniques such as laboratory research,
Neuropsychplogical tests, brain imaging, electro
encephalography, and qualitative analysis.
2.EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY

16. Comparative Neuropsychology is the approach of
understanding human brain functions by studying the
relationships between behavior and neural
mechanisms in different animal species including
humans.
The advantage of working with animals over human
beings is more control over complex environmental
and genetic influences apart from ethical issues.
A wide variety of species have been studied by
comparative psychologists.
3.COMPARATIVE NEUROPSYCHOLOGY

17. 4.COGNITIVE NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
Developed in the 1970s, cognitive neuropsychology is relatively
a new discipline within neuropsychology.
Cognitive psychology aims to understand how the structure
and function of the brain relates to specific psychological
processes.
Cognitive neuropsychology studies how the structure and
function of the brain are related to the psychological processes
like perception, reasoning, remembering, and so on.
The development of cognitive models have helped in
neurological analysis, and the neuropsychological findings
have contributed to the development of the cognitive models.

18. THANK YOU