Making India Zero Water Waste

© Confederation of Indian Industry
Making India Zero
Water Waste
Jit Kumar Gupta
Chairman, Chandigarh Chapter, Indian Green Building Council

Water- Relevance for Human Living
 Water ;-- Remains Elixir of life,
 -- most valuable gifts of nature
 -- sustainer, protector/ promoter of life
 -- most important component of human living.
 -- Without water, cities / communities will cease to exist.
 -- Valued for making people happy, healthy and more productive.
 -- major determinant of quality of life.
 –at core of sustainable/ socio-economic development/ healthy
ecosystems, reducing disease /improving health/productivity of
populations.
 crucial link between climate system, human society / environment
 - poor quality of water -Cause for majority of pandemics, health
 - Despite covering 75% area of planet -- availability of adequate
potable water for human consumption remains major issue
 -- fast emerging global threat / challenge
 Water use increasing globally @ about 1% per year since 1980s
 Over 2 billion people experiencing high water stress, / 4 billion

The World’s Water

Saltwater
97.5%
Freshwater
2.5%
Total Surface Freshwater : 0.4%
Where is the freshwater?
World’s Freshwater
World’s Water
Groundwater
30.1%
Surfacewater
0.4%
Glaciers
69.5%
Salt Water
97.5%
Fresh Water
2.5%

Water – Indian Context
 Water – Finite Resource/ Irreplaceable
 Only enewable when well managed
 With just 4% of freshwater
 India supports-- one-sixth global population-17.7%
 Water vital --for living, working, agriculture, urbanization,
industrialization, trade and commerce, healthcare & education.
 --Largest animal population globally- Livestock population 535.78
million
 25% Indians known to remain without access to safe drinking water
 21% diseases --attributed to poor quality of water used
 Over 3 lakh children-- under 5 years, die annually- due to diarrhea
 Women- major victim of water stress
 -- spend 150 million workdays every year for fetching/ carrying water
 - causing loss of Rs. 10 billion in economic terms.
 --The 2030 Water Resources Group estimates
 - at current consumption rate,
 -- India will have only half of water needed by 2030.
 India uses 80% freshwater for agriculture- Tube wells
 For drinking
 - rural India uses 90% ground water
 -- urban India– 50%

Water--Indian Context
 17.7% Worlds Population;
 4% water Resources
 535.78 million livestock
 Water Scenario
 12 Major Rivers
 4,000 BCM of water ; 1,123 BCM utilizable
 690 BCM surface water
 433 BCM Ground water
 Glaciers
 34,919 Glaciers
 75,779 sq. km glaciated area
 Coastal ecosystems
 Coastline: 7500 km
 35% of population live within 100 kms of coasts

Water –Indian Context
 India -largest user of ground water
 -- drawing -1/4 of global groundwater.
 -- China, draws half of ground water-- compared to India.
 -- 60% districts declared water critical
 -- 70% water remaining contaminated
 -- India ranks 120 out of 122 countries in global water quality index.
 -- More than half of India’s cultivated land remains under water-
intensive crops--rice, paddy, sugarcane etc.
 -- Indian agriculture-- highly water inefficient,
 -- consuming twice water for producing same quantity of food/ cereals -
other countries.
 -- 100 million Indians consume drinking water with excessive fluoride
 NITI Ayog estimates –
 - likely loss of 6% in national GDP-- from severe water scarcity , India
likely to face in future
 - 10 Largest cities face acute water stress including Delhi/Bangaluru

Water-Issues
 Large consumption-- Rapid/ massive increase of human
count / animals.
 Rapid urbanization– industrialization/ globalization
 Large Gap between demand/supply-
 --Increased water demand-decrease in water supply.
 Water demand increasing- 35 fold during three centuries
 Large scale mismanagement of water resources
 Global warming, climate change/repeated- floods, droughts
/natural disasters.
 Lack of awareness -about rational, efficient, economical
usage of water
 Large scale pollution of fresh water resources
 Rapid growth of water based sanitary systems, water
intensive fixtures .

Water-Issues
 Irrational agricultural/ water intensive cropping pattern
 water management policy at local/regional level.
 Absence of waste water management/ management of
rainwater resource.
 Irrational/ unrealistic pricing of fresh water.
 Inefficient management system of water supply,-- outdated
/ inefficient system of water delivery / large scale leakage,
theft, wastage / unaccounted water.
 Focusing on water supply rather on water management.
 Lack of accountability/ transparency in sourcing water,
supply/ management.
 Irrational/outdated water supply systems, norms/standards
 Outdated/inefficient technologies for water sourcing/
distribution at local level
 , Inequalities in access to safe drinking water and
sanitation

Water Demand-Supply
City Demand (MLPD) Supply(MLPD) Shortage(%)
Delhi 3028 2460 18.75
Mumbai 3900 3210 17.47
Chennai 2244 1760 21.58
Kolkata 2036 1593 21.74
Bengaluru 1146 900 21.45
Hyderabad 885 707 20.08

How Water can be
made available to
all- Nobody is left
without water

Approach
Reduce
Recycle/
Reuse
Recharge Refuse

3 R’s – Approach
 Recharge
 Rainwater harvesting
 Reduce
 Low flow fixtures
 Reuse
 Use of treated Waste
water
 Refuse- Use only when
 necessary

Managing Water-Physical Planning
 Making cities spongy -- based on promoting porosity- open spaces
 Adopting Regional Planning approach-- for sourcing, consumption/
conserving water for urban /rural India.
 Planning cities/large complexes -- to be water efficient/zero waste
water
 Making water conservation/ waste water management --integral part of
urban planning process
 Linking/integrating all human settlements-- with adjoining peri-urban/
agricultural land, for meeting water demand for urban /rural
 Rationalizing--open spaces--focus on minimizing use of fresh water.--
Linking all open spaces with rain water harvesting .
 Using landscaping/ flora and fauna-- minimizing water consumption.
 Using local/native trees-
 Mandating all new buildings to be Green Buildings
 Preserving/protecting/promoting/augmenting all existing water
resources/draining systems .
 Identifying /promoting/protecting all existing areas of bio-diversity
 Using all existing low-lying areas-- for creating manmade water
bodies/ lakes/ponds for- preserving/ collecting/sourcing rain water; for
promoting ground water recharging;

Today Curitiba boasts > 50 sq metres of green space per person. Buenos Aires’s
two sq meters / person

Water Efficiency
 Adopt Strategies for - Slow the flow/sharing/ breaking
water /water conservation/RW Harvesting/Ground
water charging/ multiple use of water
 Design for dual plumbing-- using recycled water for
toilet flushing / gray water system that recovers
rainwater or other non-potable water for site irrigation.
 Minimize wastewater-- use ultra low-flush toilets, low-
flow shower heads/ water conserving fixtures.
 Use Re-circulating systems for centralized hot water
distribution.
 Installing point-of-use hot water heating systems-- for
more distant locations.
 Metering water use – both for domestic/ landscape
separately
 -- Promote micro-irrigation /sprinklers / high-pressure
sprayer-- to supply water in non-turf areas.
 Involving communities --Through education /incentives
 Promoting Green Buildings as a Brand

Benefits of Green Buildings

XERI-SCAPING

Managing Water- Agriculture
 Making agriculture zero ground/potable water
dependent.
 Using irrigation/drip irrigation
 Changing cropping pattern from water-intensive
commercial crops to water-efficient cropping pattern
 Promoting efficient flood management to save water,
save land, save crops for effective utilization during
water deficit period.
 Preserving, promoting /creating old and new source
of Water
 Incentivizing water efficient cropping pattern .
 Linking human habitation with agriculture– using
household waste water for meeting agriculture
needs

Managing Water- Management
 Decentralizing waste water collection/recycling at
community/neighborhood level
 Mandating all industries to be zero-waste water, by
defining standards /norms for water consumption ,
 Making all Group Housing Societies/healthcare--
consuming large water to be zero- water waste by
incentivizing
 Eliminating single use -promoting multiple use of
water mandatory at all levels of water consumption.
 Setting standards for water consumption for
Indoor/outdoor equipment-.
 Making rainwater harvesting integral part of building
construction/ building operation processes..
 Protecting fresh water resources /defining protected
belts around them

Singapore New Water

Water Management
 Critical issue of water consumption
-- demands on supplying
aquifer/sources exceeding its
ability to replenish itself
 Key objectives of water
sustainability-
 i. Protect water
 Ii. Conserve water
 Iii. Protect water quality
 iv. Reduce consumption

Managing Water- Technology
 Using state of art technologies for treating / managing/ waste water
 Shifting sanitary system from water-based to non- water based
 Using Phyto-remedial instead of STP for treating the sullage water
 Designing water fixtures/faucets based on-breaking water .
 Reducing water consumption in construction of buildings by changing
methods of construction/using water efficient construction
technologies
 Incentivizing building materials, with minimum water usage.
 Shifting from construction to manufacturing-- through pre-fabrication
 minimizing wastage/ theft/ leakage/ unauthorized use.
 Creating intelligent system of water management at city/local level .
 Treating waste water for reuse as fresh water.
 Creating water Stupas in Cold regions- for use during warm/hot
period
 Minimizing water loss due to evaporation in hot regions- by shading
areas, covering with plastic sheets or by installing solar panels on
sources of water.
 Promoting Technology-GIS- for mapping available sources of water

WATER STUPAS- LEH

Phytoremediation
CII Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre Commissioner of Industries, Hyderabad
 Investment Rs 50,000 per m3
 No operating cost
 Payback: 3 to 5 yrs
 Application
 Domestic sewage
 Industrial wastewater
 Municipal wastewater

Optimization of
water demand
Use of water
efficient systems
Use of recycled
water and
rainwater
harvesting
Some
cost
impact
Highest
cost
impact
Least
cost
impact
Cost effective strategy for water efficiency

2. Water Efficient Fixtures
 Intent
 Enhance efficiency of plumbing fixtures, thereby
minimising potable water use

1. Rain Water Harvesting
 Intent
 Enhance ground water table & reduce municipal
water demand through effective RWH systems.
 Compliance Option
 Design rainwater harvesting system to capture
at least ‘One-day Rainfall’ runoff volume from
roof & non-roof areas.

Rain Water Harvesting- Strategies
Green Schools
Rain Water Harvesting
Collecting Rain Water
Collection Pond
Percolating Rain Water to
Ground
Percolation Pit
Storage Tank Collecting to Bore Well

RWH Harvesting Structures
Connection with the Drain
ONGC, Tel Bhawan, Dehradun
Rain water storage chamber
Dell, Coimbatore
Rain water storage Pond
CII- Sohrabji Godrej Green
Business Centre, Hyderabad

Water Efficient Fixtures- Strategies
Green Schools
Water Efficient Fixtures
Low flow fixtures Low Flush Fixtures
Sensor based Urinals
Waterless Urinals
Aerators
Sensor based Fixtures
Dual Flush

3. Landscape Design
 Intent
 Design landscape to ensure minimum
water consumption

Azadirakta Indica Pinus
Cactus Family
Palm Family
Native
Drought
Tolerant
Adaptive
Landscape Design

Water Efficient Irrigation System -
Strategies
Green Schools
Irrigation System
Sprinkler System
Automatic Spray System
Drip Irrigation
Soaker Hoses
Mechanical Spray System Micro misting

5. Waste Water Treatment & Reuse
 Intent
 Treat waste water generated on-site
 To avoid polluting the receiving streams by safe
disposal
 Use treated waste water
 To reduce dependence on potable water

 Compliance Option
 Install on-site treatment system to
handle 100% of waste water
generated in the building
 Quality standards should comply with CPCB/State
Pollution Control Board norms
Waste Water Treatment & Reuse

Waste Water Treatment- Strategies
Green Schools
Waste Water Treatment
Biological Treatment
Phytoremediation
Mechanical Treatment
Root Zone

Waste Water Reuse
 Use treated waste water for:
 Landscaping
 Flushing
 Cooling tower make-up water
Landscaping
Flushing
Cooling tower make-up

6. Water Metering
 Intent
 Encourage sub-metering to
improve water performance
of the building, and save
potable water

Building-level Metering
 Municipal water supply
 Bore water consumption
 Treated waste water consumption
 Water consumption for
landscaping
 Water consumption for flushing
 Water consumption for air-
conditioning cooling tower
makeup
 Any other major source of water
consumption

“Centre of Excellence” for Energy, Environment, Green Buildings,
Renewable energy, Water & Climate change activities in India
CII – Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre Hyderabad
A Zero Water Discharge Campus
A unique Public – Private Partnership
( CII, Govt of Andhra Pradesh, USAID and Pirojsha Godrej Foundation )

Water Efficiency
 Zero water discharge
 Recycling of 100 % grey
water reuse for landscaping
 35% reduction on potable
water use
 High efficient fittings
 Installation of waterless
urinals
 Rain water harvesting
 Collection pond at site
 8 Lakh litres capacity

Phytoremediation
 Wastewater treatment system
 Biological mechanism
 Treated water used for irrigation

Water Management- Conclusion
 Cities have undertaken strategies;
 by looking at alternative water
 -sourcing, /management/ conservation
 -Balancing water supply and demand
 identified ways to infrastructure changes
 with public education / awareness campaigns
 -- to alter the way residents treat water.
 Effective water management involves;
 -- Looking holistic at water supply
 -- not only looking at use of fresh, potable water
 -- but also rain, storm, and wastewater management.

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Making India Zero Water Waste

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