More Related Content Similar to zero waste water-.pptx (20) More from JIT KUMAR GUPTA (20) zero waste water-.pptx1. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Strategies and Options for
Making India Zero Water
Waste
Jit Kumar Gupta
Former Chair, Chandigarh Chapter, Indian Green Building Council
3. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water- Relevance for Human Living
Water ;-- Elixir of life,
Water-- most valuable gift of nature
Water-- sustainer, protector/ promoter of life
Water-- vital component of human living, food , processing,
manufacturing
Average human body- 50-65% water; birth 75-85%
Water essential for human living
Without water- cities/human beings/flora/fauna- cease to exist.
Water– known to make people-- happy, healthy, more productive.
Water-- determinant of quality of life.
Water –at core of sustainable/ socio-economic development
Water ecosystems--reduces disease /improves health /productivity
Water-vital link between climate -human society/ environment
4. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water- Relevance for Human Living
poor quality of water -Cause for pandemics/ disease
Water misused/abused, traded as commodity
- Water covering 75% area of planet – potable water for human
consumption --major issue -- fast emerging global threat / challenge
Water use increasing globally @ about 1% per year since 1980s
Last 70 years- population X 3 but -water demand x6 times
900-1100 million lack clean water for drinking
Over 2 billion people experiencing high water stress,
2.4 billion lack basic sanitation
5 billion out of 8 billion- to live in severe water stressed by 2025
Managing Water most critical essential
Save water – save life
Save Water- Save Energy
Save Water- Save Money
Save water – Save Nature
7. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Saltwater
97.5%
Freshwater
2.5%
Total Surface Freshwater : 0.4%
Where is the freshwater?
World’s Freshwater
World’s Water
Groundwater
30.1%
Surfacewater
0.4%
Glaciers
69.5%
Salt Water
97.5%
Fresh Water
2.5%
9. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water – Indian Context
Water – Finite Resource/ Irreplaceable
Water- Renewable -- only when well managed
India-- With just 4% of freshwater
India supports–
--one-sixth global population-17.5%- 135 crores
--Largest animal population globally
- 535.78 million
Water-- vital for; -- living, working, food, agriculture,
urbanization, industrialization, trade-commerce,
healthcare/ education, flora and fauna
25% Indians - remain without access to safe drinking
water
21% diseases --poor quality of water used
Over 3 lakh children--under 5 years, die annually- due to
diarrhea
10. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water--Indian Context
17.5 % Worlds Population;
4% water Resources
535.78 million livestock
Water Scenario
12 Major Rivers
4,000 BCM of water ; 1,123 BCM utilizable
690 BCM surface water
433 BCM Ground water
Glaciers
34,919 Glaciers
75,779 sq. km glaciated area
Coastal ecosystems
Coastline: 7500 km
35% of population live within 100 kms of coasts
11. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water – Indian Context
Women- major victim of water stress
Women-spend 150 million workdays/ year
-- for fetching/ carrying water-- causing
loss of Rs. 10 billion economic terms.
-- 2030 Water Resources Group estimates
- at current consumption rate,
-India-- will have only half of water
needed by 2030.
India uses
–-- 70% freshwater for agriculture
using Tube wells
---For drinking
- rural India uses 90% ground water
-- urban India– 50%
12. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water –Indian Context
India -largest user of ground water
-- drawing - 1/4 of global groundwater.
-- China, draws half of ground water-- compared to India.
-- 60% districts declared water critical
-- 70% water remaining contaminated
-- India ranks 120 out of 122 countries in global water quality index.
-- More than half of India’s cultivated land -under water- intensive crops--rice,
paddy, sugarcane etc.
-- Indian agriculture –
--- highly water inefficient,
-- consuming twice water
-- for producing same quantity of food/ cereals - other countries.
-- 100 million Indians consume drinking water with excessive fluoride
NITI Ayog estimates –
- likely loss of 6% in national GDP-- from severe water scarcity -- India likely
to face in future
- 10 Largest cities - face acute water stress
-- including Delhi/Bangaluru
19. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water Demand-Supply
City Demand (MLPD) Supply(MLPD) Shortage(%)
Delhi 3028 2460 18.75
Mumbai 3900 3210 17.47
Chennai 2244 1760 21.58
Kolkata 2036 1593 21.74
Bengaluru 1146 900 21.45
Hyderabad 885 707 20.08
21. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water-Issues
Large consumption-- Rapid/ massive increase of human
count / animals.
Rapid urbanization– industrialization/ globalization
Large Gap between demand/supply-
--Increased water demand
-decrease in water supply.
Water demand increased- 35 fold during three centuries
Large scale mismanagement of water resources
Global warming, climate change/repeated- floods, droughts
/natural disasters.
Lack of awareness -about rational, efficient, economical
usage of water
Large scale pollution-- of fresh water resources
Rapid growth of-- water based sanitary systems, water
intensive fixtures .
22. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water-Issues
Irrational agricultural/ water intensive cropping
Absence of waste water management/ rainwater
resource-- at local/regional level
Irrational/ unrealistic-- pricing of fresh water.
Inefficient/outdated technologies/ management of
--water sourcing ,
--water delivery
-large leakage, theft, wastage / unaccounted water.
Focus on water supply- not on water management.
--Lack of accountability/ transparency
-- irrational water norms/standards
-- Inequal access to safe drinking water/ sanitation
25. © Confederation of Indian Industry
How Water can be
made available to
all- Nobody is left
without water
26. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Why Conserve/Manage Water?
Saving money --on your utility bill,
Prevents greenhouse gas-associated with treating/distributing water.
reducing pollution due to leaks.
Avoid Overloading municipal sewer systems
Avoid untreated sewage-- to flow to lakes / rivers.
-prevent polluting water in lakes/ rivers, / watersheds.
Smaller amount of waste water ,-- smaller network- Reduced cost
of network
Smaller sewerage-- treated- less recurring life-cycle cost, less area,
less pollution, lesser discharge , lesser energy consumption
Extend life of septic system-- by reducing soil saturation
27. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water Management
Critical issue of water consumption -
- demands on supplying aquifer/sources
exceeding its ability to replenish itself
Key objectives of water
sustainability-
i. Protect water
ii. Conserve water
iii. Protect water quality
iv. Reduce consumption
28. © Confederation of Indian Industry
SDG 11- Make cities and human settlements
inclusive ,safe, resilient and sustainable
31. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Managing Water-Physical Planning
Making cities spongy -- promoting porosity- creating open
spaces- creating water bodies- using low lying land
Adopting Regional Planning approach-- for sourcing,
consumption/ conserving water for urban /rural India.
Planning cities/large complexes -- to be water efficient/zero
waste water
Making water conservation/ waste water management --
integral part of urban planning process
Linking/integrating all human settlements-- with adjoining
peri-urban/ agricultural land, for meeting water demand for
urban /rural
Rationalizing—landscaping --focus on minimizing use of
fresh water.--
32. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Managing Water-Physical Planning
-Linking all open spaces with rain water harvesting .
Using landscaping/ flora and fauna-- minimizing
water consumption.
Using local/native trees-
Preserving/protecting/promoting/augmenting all
existing water resources/draining systems .
Identifying /promoting/protecting all existing areas of
bio-diversity
Using all existing low-lying areas-- for creating
manmade water bodies/ lakes/ponds for
- preserving/ collecting/sourcing rain water;- for
promoting ground water recharging;
-Promoting retaining rather than draining water
33. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Managing Water- Management
Decentralizing waste water collection/recycling at
community/neighborhood level
Mandating all industries-- to be zero-waste water,
- defining standards /norms for water consumption ,
Making all Group Housing Societies/healthcare---- zero
water waste by incentivizing
Eliminating single use -promoting multiple use of
water mandatory at all levels of water consumption.
Setting rational standards for water consumption-- for
Indoor/outdoor equipment-.
Making rainwater harvesting-- integral part of building
construction/ building operation processes..
Protecting fresh water resources /defining protected
belts around them
40. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Greening Cities –
Available open space/person in India-2.7 sqm
Number of available trees/ person- Canada- 10,163
Number of available trees-India- very low-- 28
trees/person
- Create network of interconnected Green parks/ spaces
- 7 Trees / person
-Providing Green Space@ 9 Sqm/ pers
- Compensating all hard surfaces with greens within
buildings roofs/walls
-Greening Roofs/terraces/ Walls
-Preserving all natural areas
-Preserving water channels/ features/ Bio- Diversity
-Protecting existing flora/faun
-Creating City Forests
- using derelict areas for greening
- Greening all low lying areas
- Declaring all existing trees as protected tree- Chandigarh
-Using local trees
44. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Today Curitiba boasts > 50 sq metres of green space per person. Buenos Aires’s
two sq meters / person
46. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Managing Water- Agriculture
Making agriculture zero ground/potable water
dependent.
Using irrigation/drip irrigation
Changing cropping pattern-- from water-intensive
commercial crops to water-efficient cropping pattern
Promoting efficient flood management-- to save
water, save land, save crops for effective utilization
during water deficit period.
Preserving, promoting /creating -- old and new
source of Water
Incentivizing-- water efficient cropping pattern .
Linking human habitation with agriculture– using
household waste water for meeting agriculture
needs
48. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Strategies for Water
Management in Built
Environment
51. © Confederation of Indian Industry
4 R’s – Approach
Recharge
Rainwater harvesting
Reduce
Low flow fixtures
Reuse
Use of treated Waste water
Promote multiple use of
water
Refuse- Use water only
when necessary
53. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Promoting Water Efficiency
Adopt Strategies for –
-- Slow the flow
-- breaking water
--Conserving water
-- Sourcing RW Harvesting
--Promoting Ground water charging
-- Promoting multiple use of water
Design for dual plumbing—
-- using recycled water for toilet flushing
-using rainwater/ non-potable water for site
irrigation.
Minimize wastewater
-- using ultra low-flush toilets,
-- using low-flow shower heads
54. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Promoting Water Efficiency
Adopt Strategies for –
Use Re-circulating systems-- for
centralized hot water distribution.
Installing point-of-use hot water--
heating systems-- for more distant
locations.
Metering water use – both for domestic/
landscape separately
-- Promote micro-irrigation /sprinklers /
high-pressure sprayer-- to supply water
in non-turf areas.
Involving communities --Through
education /incentives
Promoting Green Buildings as a Brand
55. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Optimization of
water demand
Use of water
efficient systems
Use of recycled
water and
rainwater
harvesting
Some
cost
impact
Highest
cost
impact
Least
cost
impact
Cost effective strategy for water efficiency
56. © Confederation of Indian Industry
BUILDINGS AS CONSUMERS OF RESOURCES
•Built environment impact environment / consumption of
resources:
16% of world’s fresh water withdrawal.
25% of wood harvested.
30% of consumption of raw material.
50% of global energy consumption.
35% of world's CO2 emission
40% of Municipal Solid Waste.
50% of Ozone depleting CFC’s still in use.
30% of residents having sick building syndrome
( Roodman and Lenssen, 1995)
•70% global warming--outcome of buildings / transportation
•Existing buildings--low concern for energy conservation.
•Considering annual addition of- 700-900msqmts-
•-- energy/ environment implications will be critical.
•Buildings need to be;
•- designed /constructed / operated /maintained
•--with utmost care /considerations for
•-- energy/ sustainability/resources
59. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Daylighting
Local materials
Indian Way of approaching design
Rediscovery of the Indian ethos
We worship 5 elements of Nature (Panchabhutas)
Prithvi (Earth) Sustainable Sites
Jal (Water) Water Efficiency
Agni (Energy) Energy Efficiency
Vayu (Air) Indoor Environmental Quality
Akash (Sky) Daylight
Views
Water body
61. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Impact of Buildings- minimizing
Building Footprints
64. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Singapore, seven 50-story housing towers connected by 1,600-foot-
recreational “sky garden.”
-- high-density development in compact city-state.
67. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water Management in
Built Environment-
Technologies-
Prefabrication
68. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Pre- fabrication/Modular
Construction/off-site- Advantages
Building in Hazardous Area
Assured Quality Construction
Material Efficiency
Cost- Efficiency
Green Construction- Water Efficiency
Flexibility
Reduced Site Disruption
Time Efficiency
Safety
69. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Pre- fabrication Construction/Advantage
Green Construction
-Modular buildings require less power consumption
compared to traditional constructions,
---lower life cycle energy implications as compared to on-
site construction
-- have minimum requirement of water due to absence of
onsite watering of brick/concrete
-- Energy efficiency achieved through using recycled
materials
-- Resource efficient greener construction process-- due to
reduced material waste/ use of recycled materials
Flexibility
Flexibility --based on easy dismantling /Relocation of
buildings to different sites,
being made of numerous individual parts-- also permit
flexibility in building structure/ design by changing design
of specific prefab component.
72. © Confederation of Indian Industry
1. Rain Water Harvesting
Intent
Enhance ground water table & reduce municipal
water demand through effective RWH systems.
Compliance Option
Design rainwater harvesting system to capture
at least ‘One-day Rainfall’ runoff volume from
roof & non-roof areas.
73. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Rain Water Harvesting- Strategies
Green Schools
Rain Water Harvesting
Collecting Rain Water
Collection Pond
Percolating Rain Water to
Ground
Percolation Pit
Storage Tank Collecting to Bore Well
74. © Confederation of Indian Industry
RWH Harvesting Structures
Connection with the Drain
ONGC, Tel Bhawan, Dehradun
Rain water storage chamber
Dell, Coimbatore
Rain water storage Pond
CII- Sohrabji Godrej Green
Business Centre, Hyderabad
75. © Confederation of Indian Industry
2. Water Efficient Fixtures
Intent
Enhance efficiency of plumbing fixtures, thereby
minimising potable water use
76. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water Efficient Fixtures- Strategies
Green Schools
Water Efficient Fixtures
Low flow fixtures Low Flush Fixtures
Sensor based Urinals
Waterless Urinals
Aerators
Sensor based Fixtures
Dual Flush
77. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water Efficient Fixtures
Jal
8 LPM
2/4 LPM
46% Water Savings Over Baseline
6/3
LPF
5 LPM
78. © Confederation of Indian Industry
3. Landscape Design
Intent
Design landscape to ensure minimum
water consumption
79. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Azadirakta Indica Pinus
Cactus Family
Palm Family
Native
Drought
Tolerant
Adaptive
Landscape Design
81. © Confederation of Indian Industry
4. Management of Irrigation Systems
Intent
Reduce water demand for irrigation through
water efficient management systems and
techniques
Compliance Options:
Provide/ install highly efficient irrigation systems
(minimum four features)
Central shut-off valve
Soil moisture sensors & Timer based controls
Segregate landscape areas, based on watering needs
Drip irrigation system, to reduce evaporation
Any other innovative methods for watering
82. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water Efficient Irrigation System -
Strategies
Green Schools
Irrigation System
Sprinkler System
Automatic Spray System
Drip Irrigation
Soaker Hoses
Mechanical Spray System Micro misting
83. © Confederation of Indian Industry
5. Waste Water Treatment & Reuse
Intent
Treat waste water generated on-site
To avoid polluting the receiving streams by safe
disposal
Use treated waste water
To reduce dependence on potable water
84. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Compliance Option
Install on-site treatment system to
handle 100% of waste water
generated in the building
Quality standards should comply with CPCB/State
Pollution Control Board norms
Waste Water Treatment & Reuse
85. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Waste Water Treatment- Strategies
Green Schools
Waste Water Treatment
Biological Treatment
Phytoremediation
Mechanical Treatment
Root Zone
86. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Waste Water Reuse
Use treated waste water for:
Landscaping
Flushing
Cooling tower make-up water
Landscaping
Flushing
Cooling tower make-up
87. © Confederation of Indian Industry
6. Water Metering
Intent
Encourage sub-metering to
improve water performance
of the building, and save
potable water
88. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Water Efficiency
Zero water discharge
Recycling of 100 % grey
water reuse for landscaping
35% reduction on potable
water use
High efficient fittings
Installation of waterless
urinals
Rain water harvesting
Collection pond at site
8 Lakh liters capacity
89. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Phytoremediation
Wastewater treatment system
Biological mechanism
Treated water used for irrigation
91. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Saving Water
India Holds 4% global water-support 17.3% of population with largest
live stock in the world.
India remains -- most water stressed country in world
Water –valued, conserved, preserved, protected-- quality / quantity
Promoting-- slow the flow-
Breaking water—ions- --Mixing water & air to reduce consumption.
Graduating from single use to multiple use of water-
Do more with less water
Linking settlement planning with water conservation
- promoting use of urban waste water for agriculture/ irrigation
Focussing on water efficient building materials-- during
manufacturing, construction and operation
Promoting --zero waste water buildings
Declaring water as a national resource- for integrated planning/
optimum utilisation
Promoting water efficient construction technologies
- promoting off site construction instead on-site construction-
prefabrication
Promoting rain water harvesting at community level
.
92. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Saving Water
Planning water efficient landscaping
- using local trees with minimum green grass
Mandating institutions/GH societies , zero waste water
Promoting sanitation system which is non-water based
Replicating Chandigarh experiment- creating artificial lakes -
water recharging / rain water harvesting
Creating water bodies in cities-integral part of city planning/
development process
Preserving all existing-- water bodies / water channels
Making bio-diversity integral part of city planning / development
process
Incentivising buildings using rain water for construction
Defining water norms for- different industries and mandating
zero water discharge.
Mandating all plumbing fixtures manufactured based on well
defined water efficient norms-wc /urinals/ faucets etc
.
93. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Managing Water- Technology
Using state of art technologies for treating / managing/ waste water
Shifting sanitary system from water-based to non- water based
Using Phyto-remedial-- instead of STP for treating sullage water
Incentivizing building materials, with minimum water usage.
Shifting from construction to manufacturing-- through pre-fabrication
minimizing wastage/ theft/ leakage/ unauthorized use.
Creating intelligent system of water management at city/local level .
Treating waste water for reuse as fresh water.
Creating water Stupas in Cold regions- for use during warm/hot
period
Minimizing water loss-- due to evaporation in hot regions- by shading
areas, covering with plastic sheets or by installing solar panels on
sources of water.
Promoting Technology-GIS- for mapping available sources of water
97. © Confederation of Indian Industry
Floating Solar Plant- Saving Water
from Evaporation