Antibiotic from Marine Microorganisms

1. ANTIBIOTICS FROM
MICROORGANIS
Prof. Dr. Ir. H. Irwan Effendi, M. Sc

2. INTRODUCTION
• Antibiotics are chemical compounds being
produced by living organisms and inhibitory to
other living organisms at low concentration.
• Living organisms produce primary metabolites
such as the tri-carboxylic acids, for example,
members of the TCA cyclic which generates
energy for growth of living organisms.

4. INTRODUCTION
• Unlike the primary metabolites, the majority
of antibiotics are products being released as
the results of secondary metabolic pathways
which branches from primary metabolic
pathways.
• Although the chemical structures of secondary
metabolites are somewhat complicated, they
are assumed to be derived from primary
metabolites.

5. • Practical chemotherapy requires chemical compounds
having selective activity but also availability of
sufficient amount necessary for therapy.
• Antibiotics which are in practical use at present satisfy
the above requirements by their selective toxicity to
pathogens and by reproducible cultivation of the
producing microorganisms.
• The best example is provided by penicillin which is
toxic selectively to bacteria but not to human beings
and is produced reasonably by fermentation with a
fungus.

10. STATIONARY PHASE
• Lack of Nutrient
• Lack of space
• Production of extra metabolites
• Secondary metabolites
• Antibiotics

11. • nearly 4,000 antibiotics have been found
mostly from terrestrial microorganisms and it
is presumable that organisms living in unique
environments may often provide new
antibiotics.

12. SOUCES OF MICROBES

13. Methods of Isolation

14. Methods of Isolation