Pteris : features, anatomy, morphology and lifecycle
Protection for the AMINE.pptx
1. PROTECTION FOR THE AMINE
GROUP
PRESENTED BY- INDRAJIT SAMANTA
M.PHARM ( PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY), 1ST SEM, 1ST YEAR
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY,
SPER, JAMIA HAMDARD, NEW DELHI
2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
Qualities of a Good Protecting Group
Protecting Groups for Amino Groups
Carbamates as Protecting Groups for Amines
Amides as Protecting groups for Amines
Cyclic Imides As Protecting Group
REFERENCE:
5. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A PROTECTING GROUP?
A protecting group (PG) is a molecular framework that is introduced onto a specific functional
group (FG) in a poly-functional molecule to block its reactivity under reaction conditions needed
to make modifications elsewhere in the molecule.
R-FG PG R-FG-PG
Free functional group (reactive) MUSK FUNCTIONAL GROUP(
Unreactive)
6. QUALITIES OF A GOOD PROTECTING GROUP IN ORGANIC
SYNTHESIS
(a) It should be readily, but selectively introduced to the desired functional group in a poly-
functional molecule.
(b) It should be stable / resistant to the reagents employed in subsequent reaction steps in
which the group being masked (protected) is desired to remain deactivated (protected).
(c) It should be capable of being selectively removed under mild conditions when its
protection is no longer required
TACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Easy & efficient
introduction
stable throughout
reaction, work up &
purification
efficient and
selective removal
under mild
conditions
should not create any
stereo-genic centre
7. PROTECTING GROUPS FOR AMINO GROUPS
The basic problem of peptide synthesis is one of protecting the amino group.
In bringing about interaction between the carboxyl group of one amino acid
and the amino group of a different amino acid, one must prevent interaction
between the carboxyl group and the amino group of the same amino acid.
In preparing glycyl alanine, for example, one must prevent the simultaneous
formation of glycylglycine.
Reaction can be forced to take place in the desired way by attaching to one
amino acid a group that renders the NH, unreactive
9. PROTECTING GROUPS FOR AMINO GROUPS
Carbamates as Protecting Groups for Amines:
Formation:-
CLEAVAGE:
10. CARBAMATES AS PROTECTING GROUPS FOR AMINES:
t-Butyl carbamate (Boc group):-
FORMATION:
RR’NH + Me3COCOCl Base RR’NCOOCMe3
CLEAVAGE:
RR’NCOOCMe3 3M HCl RR’NH
11. CARBAMATES AS PROTECTING GROUPS FOR AMINES:
9-Fluorenylmethyl carbamate (Fmoc or 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl): 9-
Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl protection is used for an alcohol or amine and it is carried out
with an Fmoc-X reagent (X-CI or Nj) in the presence of pyridine or NaHCO3
FORMATION:
CLEAVAGE:
13. AMIDES AS PROTECTING GROUPS FOR AMINES:-
Amides are readily prepared from an amine and an acid chloride or anhydride. These are relatively more
stable compounds that, classically, are cleaved by heating in strongly acidic or basic solutions.
FORMAMIDE:
FORMATION:
RR’NH + HCOOH DCC, Pyridine RR’NCHO
CLEAVAGE:
14. AMIDES
AMIDES
Amide condensation of phenylacetic acid and benzylamine with various catalysts under sealed conditions
FORMATION
Direct amide condensation of various carboxylic acids and amines by 8a ( SiO2
15. CYCLIC IMIDES AS PROTECTING GROUP FOR
PRIMARY AMINES:-
Phthalimide:-
FORMATION:
16. CYCLIC IMIDES AS PROTECTING GROUP FOR
PRIMARY AMINES:-
CLEAVAGE:
26. REFERENCES:
Hanson, J.R.; Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis; Sheffield Academic Press; pp 8-80.
Morrison, R.T.; Boyd R.N.; Organic Chemistry; Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited; Sixth Edition- 2002;
pp. 1147.
2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yloxycarbonyl: A Protecting Group for Primary, Secondary, and Heterocyclic Amines,
Joseph R. Lizza, Maximilian Bremerich, Stephanie R. McCabe, Peter Wipf,
Org. Lett. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02874