ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS

1. T h e r e a r e t w o t y p e s o f a n t i f u n g a l d r u g s u s e d t o t r e a t
i n f e c t i o n c a u s e d b y f u n g i .
THEY ARE: --
 D r u g s u s e d f o r t r e a t i n g l o c a l i n f e c t i o n s u c h a s
t h o s e i n f e c t i n g h a i r , m u c o u s , m e m b r a n e s , n a i l s o r
s k i n . T h e y a r e u s e d i n t h e f o r m o f o i n t m e n t s ,
c r e a m s , l i n i m e n t s , l o t i o n s , s u s p e n s i o n , s o l u t i o n s
e t c .
 D r u g s u s e d f o r t r e a t i n g s y s t e m i c i n f e c t i o n s . I n
p e r s o n s a f f l i c t e d w i t h a i d s s i n c e h o s t d e f e n c e
m e c h a n i s m s b r e a k d o w n , f u n g i e a s i l y i n v a d e a n d
c a u s e i n f e c t i o n s . a n t i f u n g a l a g e n t s m a y b e
c l a s s i f i e d a s - - - -
 A n t i b i o t i c s a n d c h e m i c a l a n t i f u n g a l a g e n t s .

2. CLASSIFICATION:--
Chemical antifungal drugs :--
1. Tolnaftate
2. Undecylenic acid
Antibiotics:-
3. Amphotericin
4.Nystatin
5.Hamycin

3. TOLNAFTATE
TOLNAFTATE IS A NAPTHALENE DERIVATIVE
AND A THIOCARBAMATE.
PROPERTIES –
• It occurs as a white to creamy white powder.
• It is a odourless.
• It is practically insoluble in water.
• Freely soluble in acetone and chloroform and sparingly soluble in ether.
• It melts at 110 – 112*c .
• It is applied externally in fungal infection .
• STABILITY AND STORAGE:-
• It is stored in well closed containers.
• USES:-
• Antifungal drugs
• BRAND NAMES – TINADERM , TOLNADERM, TONOFAL etc.

4. This is and unsaturated long chain fatty acid with one double
Bond and 11 carbon atoms.
 CH2= CH-(CH2)8 COOH
It is prepared by distilling castor oil in vacuum . the ricinoleic acid in
castor oil is converted to undecylinic or undecenoic acid .
PROPERTIES:--
 It is a white yellow crystalline mass or a pale yellow liquid .
 It has a characteristics odour.
 It is practically insoluble in water and freely soluble in chloroform,
ethanol, ether and in fixed oil.

5.  Since it is unsaturated , it decolourises acidified potassium
permanganate solution.
STORAGE:--
Since undecenoic acid is unsaturated , it will be affected by
Oxygen, of the atmosphere and also by light . This is catalysed
by presence of some metals . So it must be stored in a well-
closed , non-metallic containers , protected from light and at a
temperature between 8 and 15*C.
USES – ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS.
BRAND NAMES – TINEAFAX, DECLIN, RENSELIN,
SEVINON etc.

6. Amphotericin is an antifungal antibiotic obtained from
Streptomyces Nodosus.
 It is a mixture of two substances, amphotericins A and B .
 The B compound is more active.
 Amphotericin B is a polyene antibiotic because it contains several
double bonds.
 It’s structure contains a macrocyclic ring.
 One side of the ring has seven conjugated double bonds.
 The other side contains several hydroxyl groups.
 At one end of the macrocyclic ring is attached a polar aminosugar
(mycosamine) and also a corboxylic acid group.
 As it’s name implies , amphotericin is amphoteric in nature.

7. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:--
 Amphotericin B is a yellow to orange powder without any
odour.
 It decomposes gradually around 170*C.
 The solids and it’s solution are stable between pH 4 to 10
when stored at a cold temperature without being exposed
to air and light .
 It gradually decomposes when humidity is high .
 It also decomposes faster when temperature is high.
 It is soluble in dimethyl sulphoxide and slightly soluble in
methanol and dimethyl formamide.
 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:--
 When phosphoric acid is added to a solution of the
substance in dimethyl sulphoxide a blue ring is
immediately formed at the junction of the test tube.

8.  When it is mixed , the mixture becomes intensely
blue .
 If water is added and mixed , the solution gets a
pale straw yellow colour.
Storage :--
Store in tightly- closed resistant containers in a cold
and dry place.
Uses:--
Antifungal drugs
Brand names–
 Mysteclin (amphotericin b with tetracycline)
 Fungizone otic (ear drops)
 Fungi zone intravenous

9.  NYSTATIN IS AN ANTIFUNGALANTIBIOTIC
OBTAINED FROM STREPTOMYCES NOURSEI .
 It is also a polyene antibiotic containing a macrocyclic
ring.
 It has a conjugated tetraene system and also a diene.
 The polar aminosugar attached to the ring is mycosamine
as in amphotericin

10. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:--
 It is a yellow to slightly brown powder with a characteristic odour.
 It is hygroscopic.
 It has strong reducing properties.
 It is slightly soluble in water and freely soluble in dimethyl fromamide.
 It is slightly soluble in methanol and insoluble in chloroform, ether and
ethanol (95%).
 It is affected by light, heat and , moisture and when exposed to air.
 Its solution are inactivated by acids and bases.

11. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES :-
i. It gives brown colour with HCL.
ii. And with sulphuric acid also a brown colour is produced but it
becomes violet on standing.
iii. It gives a green colour when its aqueous solution is shaken with a
solution of sodium molybdo phosphotungstate. , when aqueous
solution is shaken with decolourised magenta solution containing
a little pyrogallol dissolved in it ,a dark pink colour is produced ,
even after standing for one hour , the colour is retained.
USES:--
i. ANTIFUNGALANTIBIOTIC
BRAND NAMES --
Mycostatin
Nystatin eye (eye ointment)
Fungicidin
Candex etc.

12. STORAGE:--
IT SHOULD BE STORED IN WELL TIGHT CLOSED CONTAINERS.
USES:--
ANTIFUNGALANTIBIOTIC
BRAND NAMES ---
MYCOSTATIN
NYSTIN (Eye Ointment)
FUNGICIDIN
CANDEX, etc.

13. HAMYCIN IS AN ANTIFUNGALANTIBIOTIC ISOLATED FROM THE
FILTRATE OS STREPTOMYCES PIMPRINA
IT IS A POLYENE COMPOUND LIKE AMPHOTERICIN AND NYSTATIN . HAMYCIN IS
A MIXTURE OF COMPONENTS A, B , C AND D.
PROPERTIES :--
• It is a yellow amorphous compound .
• It is very slightly soluble in water , ethanol, benzene, & chloroform etc.
• It is soluble in aqueous alcohols and basic solvents like pyridine.
• It is amphoteric.

14. USES –
ANTIFUNGALANTIBIOTIC
BRAND NAMES –
HAMYCIN
IMPRIMA
PRIMAMYCIN