Benefits of oils , uses of oil.

2. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL
ANALYSIS OF SOME
SELECTED EDIBLE OILS

3. INTRODUCTION
➢ Oil is a general term that describes a wide variety of natural substances of
plants, animals or mineral origin and a range of synthetic compounds.
➢ As their composition (major& minor constituents) varies, each type of oil or
petroleum product has certain unique characteristics or properties.
➢ These properties influence how the oil behaves when it is spilled and
subsequently determine the fate and effects of the oil in the environment.

4. SCOPE
➢ Environmental science identifies sources elucidates mechanisms of
quantifies problems in the earth’s environment. But “Green chemistry”
solve these problems by creating alternative safe technologies.
➢ The aim of this project is to find the quality of various oils. The quality
of oils is determined by pH value, Acid value, Specific gravity, Density
value, Turbidity value. We have selected sesame oil, coconut oil,
groundnut oil, palm oil, castor oil.

5. PROCEDURE
Determination of acid value:
The acid value is determined by directly titrating the oil in an alcoholic
medium against standard potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide
solution.
Acid value =
𝟓𝟔.𝟏𝑿𝑽𝑿𝑪
𝒎
mg KOH/g of oil
Determination of Density:
The weight of 25ml of each oil is taken. Then the weight of oil is
divided by volume. The density is calculated using the formula
Density =
𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆
g/CC

6. Determination of Specific gravity:
The specific gravity bottle is cleaned, dried and weighed
empty. Then it is filled with distilled water and weighed in a
chemical balance. The specific gravity bottle is cleaned with
acetone.It is filled with oil and weighed again. This procedure is
repeated for different oils. The values are tabulated.
Specific Gravity=
𝒘𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒐𝒊𝒍
𝒘𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆
𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓

7. Determination of Turbidity:
➢ Turbidity is measured photometrically by determining the
percentage of light of a given intensity that is either absorbed
or scattered.
➢Turbidity meter was based on light absorption and employed a
long tube and standardized candle.
➢candle was placed beneath the glass tube
➢oils sample was then poured slowly into the tube
➢Complete absorption had occurred
➢glass tube was calibrated with readings for turbidity unit
➢awkward apparatus has been replaced by a turbidity meter in
which a standardized electric bulb produces a light that is
then measures the light intensity

8. Determination of pH:
➢ 4g potassium hydrogen phthalate is weighed accurately,
➢ Made up to the mark in 100ml SMF.
➢ Transferred into a beaker, glass electrode are introduced into
solution
➢ pH meter is calibrated to pH4.
➢ 25ml of each oil is taken in a separate beaker
➢ Beakers are marked with the name of the oil.
➢Glass electrode and calomel electrode are introduced into the oil and
pH of each sample is noted and tabulated.

9. ACIDVALUE CALCULATION
Coconut oil has less acid value And Sesame oil has higher acid value
Results and Discussion

10. DENSITY CALCULATION
Coconut oil has less density value And Castor oil has higher
density value

11. SPECIFIC GRAVITY CALCULATION
Castor oil has less specific gravity And Coconut oil has higher
specific gravity

12. TURBIDITY
Coconut oil has less turbidity And Palm oil has higher turbidity

13. pH
Castor oil has less pH value and groundnut oil has higher pH value

14. CONCLUSION:
E d ib le o ils a r e v e r y im p o r t a n t fo o d fo r t h e wo r ld .
S e s a m e o il h a v e h ig h a c id v a lu e . H ig h a c id v a lu e m a t e r ia ls
a llo w fa s t e r a p p e a r in g b u t le s s s t a b le s u d s c r e a t io n . O ils
h a v e h ig h d e n s it y v a lu e . S o , m o s t o f t h e o ils flo a t in wa t e r .
P a lm o il h a v e h ig h t u r b id it y . It is a ffe c t h u m a n h e a lt h .
T h is o il h a d m a d e a n im p o r t a n t c o n t r ib u t io n t o t h e d ie t o f
p e o p le in m a n y c o u n t r ie s s e r v in g a s a g o o d s o u r c e o f
p r o t e in , lip id a n d fa t t y a c id s fo r h u m a n n u t r it io n
in c lu d in g t h e r e p a ir o f wo r n o u t t is s u e s a n d n e w c e lls
fo r m a t io n a s we ll a s a u s e fu l s o u r c e o f e n e r g y .