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1. Liver
Indraj saini
B pharm
Alwar pharmacy college
For knowledge of Anatomy
indraj2000saini@gmail.com
ALWAR PHARMACY COLLEGE
Alwar (Rajasthan)

2. Liver
• The liver is your largest internal
organ. About the size of a football,
it's located mainly in the upper right
portion of your abdomen, beneath
the diaphragm and above your
stomach. The liver is an organ about
the size of a football. It sits just under
your rib cage on the right side of
your abdomen.

3. Faction of liver :-
• The liver is an essential organ of the body that performs over
500 vital functions.
• Here are some of its most important functions:-
Albumin Production:-
Albumin is a protein that keeps fluids in the bloodstream from
leaking into surrounding tissue.It also carries hormones, vitamins,
and enzymes through the body.
Bile Production:-
Bile is a fluid that is critical to the digestion and absorption of fats
in the small intestine.

4. Filters Blood:
• All the blood leaving the stomach and intestines passes through
the liver, which removes toxins, byproducts, and other harmful
substances.
Regulates Amino Acids:
• The production of proteins depend on amino acids. The liver
makes sure amino acid levels in the bloodstream remain
healthy.
Regulates Blood Clotting:
• Blood clotting coagulants are created using vitamin K, which
can only be absorbed with the help of bile, a fluid the liver
produces.
Stores Vitamins and Minerals:
• The liver stores significant amounts of vitamins A, D, E, K, and
B12, as well as iron and copper.

5. Structure of liver

6. Liver metabolism:-
• Most drugs must pass through the liver, which is the primary site for
drug metabolism. Once in the liver, enzymes convert prodrugs to
active metabolites or convert active drugs to inactive forms.
• The liver’s primary mechanism for metabolizing drugs is via a
specific group of cytochrome P-450 enzymes. The level of these
level of these cytochrome P-450 enzymes controls the rate at which
many drugs are metabolized

7. Liver disorders
1. Hepatitis:-
• Inflammation of the liver, usually caused by viruses like hepatitis A, B,
and C.
• Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. Alcohol consumption, several
health conditions, and some medications can all cause this condition.
However, viral infections are the most common cause of hepatitis.
• Hepatitis B virus is the type of hepatitis most commonly linked with
being sexually transmitted, as it is present in semen, body fluids, and
blood that are shared during unprotected sex.

8. 2. Cirrhosis:
• Long-term damage to the liver from any cause can lead to permanent
scarring, called cirrhosis. The liver then becomes unable to function
well.
• Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by
many forms of liver diseases and conditions, such as hepatitis and
chronic alcoholism.

9. Liver cancer:-
• The most common type of liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma,
almost always occurs after cirrhosis is present.
• The most common form of liver cancer begins in cells called
hepatocytes and is called hepatocellular carcinoma.
• Liver cancer is cancer that begins in the cells of your liver. Your liver is
a football-sized organ that sits in the upper right portion of your
abdomen, beneath your diaphragm and above your stomach.

10. Liver failure:-
• Liver failure has many causes including infection, genetic diseases, and excessive
alcohol.
Gallstones:-
• If a gallstone becomes stuck in the bile duct draining the liver, hepatitis and bile
duct infection (cholangitis) can result.

11. Liver tests
1. Blood Tests
2. Liver function panel Test
3. ALT( Alanine Aminotransferase) Test
4. AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase)
5. Alkaline phosphatase Test
6. Bilirubin
7. Albumin Test
8. Ammonia Test
9. Hepatitis (A –D) tests
10.Prothrombin time
11.Ultrasound
12.CT scan
13. Liver biopsy

12. Treatment
• Doctors are treat of patients seen their Condition according to
disease .
Thanks You