1. TOPIC:
Future cities: Ensuring world class civic
amenities in Urban India
Building sustainable cities for a better India
Citizens for Accountable Governance www.indiancag.org/manthan
By:
Preeti Kumari
Samya Ray
Somya Barpanda
Sreedev Basu
Sulagna Dutta
IIM Kozhikode

2. Citizens for Accountable Governance www.indiancag.org/manthan
 Around 60% of India’s population is still living in
rural-areas
 In 20 years, 40% Indian population will be
living in cities and 50% by 2050
 Implies that there’ll be 300 million more
city dwellers
 This means a serious Demand-Supply GAP
 Rapid but smart and sustainable
Urbanisation needed to meet the gap
 Heavy traffic congestion, pollution,
overcrowding, infrastructure-deterioration etc.
have become salient features of almost all
Indian cities
 The existing metropolis are unable to withstand
the incessant influx of immigrants
 The need of the hour is to come up with
satellite cities and tier-two cities that are
sustainable in nature
 We propose new metropolis that are eco-polis
Transforming India from a Reluctant Urbanizer to a Smart urban-scape
Smart and
Sustainable
Future Cities
Self-sufficient
(in terms of
energy/power,
revenues and
resources etc.)
Minimal
Ecological
Footprint
(minimal
pollution,
efficient land-
use, waste
recycling)
Planned and
Mixed-land
Use:
Residential,
industrial,
commercial and
recreational
Accessible
and
Affordable
Housing for
all
Proactive People
Involvement: City
Development &
Maintenance
Efficient
Public
Transport
Network

3.  Use HSBC model of reducing air condition in shopping malls
 Installed in HSBC Mumbai office, it is estimated to increase
energy saving by 28%*
 Recyclable fee should be collected from electronic goods
consumers
 Presently the waste collectors pay consumers a price
instead, for their obsolete appliances
 Roof top garden should be encouraged and facilitated
 This can help solve the problem of less open space for
plantations in cities
 Construction of Cycle lanes
 Environment friendly mode of transport for short distances
can thus be facilitated better
 Facilitate Zero waste agriculture –
 Integrated cycle where one waste of each process
becomes feed for another process
Citizens for Accountable Governance www.indiancag.org/manthan
There is an urgent need to take measures to curb the threat on environment. Recommendations to manage
environmental conditions in the self sustainable cities :
*http://www.hsbc.co.in/1/PA_1_083Q9FFKG80E20RA9Q00000000/content/website/pdf/about/csr/cs_brochure.pdf
50
28
21
1
% of Cities in India with critical, high, moderate and low levels of
Particulate matter
Critical
High
Moderate
Low

4. Housing
Environmental Sustainability:
Assign best practice standards for building regulations (a la BREEAM)
keeping in mind:
Energy/CO2, Water, Materials, Surface water runoff (flooding and flood
prevention), Waste, Pollution, Health and well-being, Management,
Ecology
India will need to generate at least 700,000 MW of additional power by
2030 to meet growing electricity demands. Adopt alternative energy
solutions like the solar powered Rabi Rashmi Abashan project.
Affordability:
Implement subsidized rental housing owned and managed by the
central or local government. Nearly 85% of Singapore and 50% of Hong
Kong avail of such public housing schemes.
Purchase by long-term tenants and Interim Housing are further
possibilities.
Constraints:
• Unavailability of urban land
• Delay in project approvals from multiple authorities
• Rising construction cost
• Financing constraints of low income groups
• Limited financing avenues for developers
Proposals:
• Fast track approvals for affordable housing projects
• Incentivize FSI and FAR optimization
• Infrastructure linkages by using proceeds from sale of land
• Direct Tax Incentives and Service Tax exemptions
• Micro-credit, Priority sector lending and increase financial literacy
for economically weaker sections
India’s urban housing shortage is estimated at nearly 18.78 million households in 2012
Urbanization is likely to grow till 2050 at a CAGR of 2.1% – double that of China

5. Transportation
WHY IS A SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT SYSTEM CRUCIAL?
Forms backbone of a city, economy and commerce by forming
vital means of transportation and Freight carriage.
CURRENT PROBLEMS
1. Traffic congestion and Air Pollution have a negative impact
on GDP as it imposes a heavy cost in terms of health and
productivity.
2. Increasing road capacity is a temporary solution as it gets
clogged again after a mean life of 2 years .
3. Increase in price of construction materials has made it
difficult to increase capacity of existing road networks.
Thus, adding lanes to cope with traffic congestion is not a
financially feasible option for many cities anymore. Adding
capacity is also not environmentally sustainable because as
the amount of roads increases, the amount of green space
decreases. Building more roads has an adverse
environmental impact.
Citizens for Accountable Governance
RECOMMENDATIONS:
1. Use ‘Transportation Gap’ concept introduced by
Gabriel Bouladon. Fill all possible Tranportation
Gaps possible.
2. Public Transit System introduction is crucial to
develop an effective transportation system.
3. Cooperative society for car pooling and car
sharing.
4. Improve efficiency of Freight Transport
Operations through facilities such as
Consolidation Centers or Freight Villages.
5. Use Web based technology for freight
optimisation and Intelligent Transport System (
ITS).
6. DENSE USE DEVELOPMENT AND MIXED USE
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW CITIES.
Citizens for Accountable Governance

6. Citizens for Accountable Governance www.indiancag.org/manthan

7. Sanitation
• Micro-financing development of sanitation facilities
• Revamping sewage system to segregate different sewage & effluent treatment
• Controlling bank erosion for the waterways in cities to prevent clogging of sewage
• Any form of manual scavenging should be prevented and automation be used for garbage disposal
Drinking
water
• Community or block based desalination plants for cities located in water scarce regions
• Introduction of water ATM’s concept at places of semi permanent residence in cities like in construction sites
• Water harvesting for water storage as well as ground water replenishing to be compulsorily introduced
• A system of water quota and differential pricing system could be introduced
Healthcare
• Raising awareness against lifestyle related health problems
• Subvention of medical subsidies through private clinics
• Infant & maternity specialty clinics to control mortality and feticide
• Health insurance cover for the economically disadvantaged groups
• Promoting core strengths to promote medical tourism
• Mobile apps for emergency healthcare should be introduced
Citizens for Accountable Governance www.indiancag.org/manthan

8. Citizens for Accountable Governance www.indiancag.org/manthan
Leveraging the power of PPPP
 An emerging need to move from the conventional Public-Private-
Partnership (PPP) to People-Public-Private-Partnership (PPPP)
model
 At present, citizen-involvement in City Planning and
Maintenance is almost nil
 “The spirit of Indian democracy and desire for further
devolution makes it imperative that urban planners of Indian
cities master participative processes of planning that
enable citizens to shape the cities they want” (Approach
Paper to 12th Five Year Plan)
 Under present PPP-system there exists a GAP: The
government mainly cost-effectively divests responsibility of
infra-projects to private sector that is primarily concerned
with meeting contractual terms at minimum costs.
 Full Value For Money (VFM) for the end-user, the non-
participative citizen, is not realized
 Full VFM ensured through PPPP-model involving:
• a proactive people’s body,
• committed and clean government and
• an incentivised and efficient private sector
 Enables better risk allocation between statesmen,
developers and end-users
 Involvement in stages:
I. In City Planning, Design & Development:
 End-users (future city-dwellers) actively
reveal preferences for urban infrastructure
and services to the private sector (that
executes the city-projects supported by
state funds)
 Such a consumerist approach via
information-sharing helps promote
innovative solutions and greater citizen-
satisfaction
II. In Maintaining the City Infrastructure:
 Devolution of more powers and greater
autonomy to Residents Welfare
Associations (RWAs)
 Senior citizens can be formally engaged as
city-activists and as conduits of awareness
generation
 School-kids can be conditioned to serve as
ambassadors for sustainable city practices

9. Proposal
Planning:
London micro-plans everything in a cascaded system with a
metropolitan master plan and implementation in detail at the borough
level. London plans for peak morning traffic 20 years in advance.
Planning in India, although extant, is esoteric rather than practical.
Projects that failed in Delhi, like the BRT, are nonetheless being
replicated in Pune.
Governance:
• Empower city administration
• Accountable, empowered directly elected mayor
• Fully formed metropolitan development authorities with clearly
defined roles.
• Update service delivery mechanisms by moving to corporatized
agencies like BEST
• Create a Civil services cadre dedicated to city governance, with
private sector lateral entry

10. Implementation
Financing:
Four sources that could be leveraged are:
• Monetizing land assets
• Higher property taxes
• Debt and Public-Private Partnerships
• Formula based government spending
Largest Indian cities should be able to generate 80 to 85% of the
required funding internally.
Shape:
• Aim for a distributed model of urbanization
• Renew Tier 1 cities through capital investment
• Pre-emptively shape the growth of Tier 2 cities
• Specialize top 100 cities focused on sectors such as tourism and
manufacturing
• Facilitate 20 to 25 new cities near the largest 20 metropolitan areas
by providing adequate infrastructure such as water, electricity and
transportation links
• Seed future urbanization by building 19 transportation corridors
linking Tier 1 & 2 cities
The road ahead:
• Need Central Govt. impetus despite cities falling under the ambit of
State governments.
• Proactive involvement from citizens
• Private institutions & investors to drive change
By 2030, approximately 590 million (from 290 million in2001) will live in cities.
68 cities will have population of over 1 million: India will need $1.2 trillion additional investment

11. REFERENCES:
1.Urban housing shortage
Report of the Technical Urban Group (TG-12) on Urban Housing Shortage 2012-17,
Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, September 2012
2.CAGR (China)
Opportunities in an Urbanizing World, Credit Suisse, April 2012
3.http://www.naredco.in/pdfs/recommendations-conference.pdf
4.http://www.breeam.org/about.jsp?id=66
5.https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/5976/code_for_sustainable_
homes_techguide.pdf
6.https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/6378/1972728.pdf
7.http://inhabitat.com/indias-first-green-housing-project-completed/
8.http://www.hdb.gov.sg/fi10/fi10320p.nsf/w/aboutuspublichousing?opendocument
9.http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/srh/index.jsp
10. http://cpcb.nic.in/upload/NewItems/NewItem_192_NAAQSTI.pdf
11. UNITED NATIONS ESCAP – CITYNET
12. http://www.unescap.org/esd/suds/publications/Sustainable-Urban-Transportatation-System/Sustainable-
Transportation-9.pdf
13. http://www.princeton.edu/~mauzeral/wws402d_s06/Laffel.pdf
14. Sankhe, Shirish et al, “India's urban awakening: Building inclusive cities, sustaining economic growth” (2010)
McKinsey Global Institute
Citizens for Accountable Governance