Roktakto prantor hsc bangla

i³v³ cÖvšÍi2
RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨ cy¯ÍK †evW© KZ…©K D”P gva¨wgK †kªYxi evsjv
Avewk¨K mncvV ÔbvUKÕ wn‡m‡e wbe©vwPZ I Aby‡gvw`Z|
cÎ bs- 1931 (4) wkt mt Zvs 03/11/98 Bs
cybt Aby‡gv`b cÎ bs-21/02/1093 Zvs 22/07/02Bs
bvUK
i³v³ cÖvšÍi
gybxi †PŠayix
(K‡jR ms¯‥iY)
msKjb I m¤úv`bv
cÖYe †PŠayix
we. G (Abvm©), Gg.G, we.wm. Gm (wkÿv)
mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK I wefvMxq cÖavb
evsjv wefvM
eªvþYevwoqv miKvwi K‡jR, eªþYevwoqv,
cÖv³b mnKvix Aa¨vcK : Pvu`cyi miKvwi K‡jR, Pvu`cyi,
Avb›` †gvnb K‡jR, gqgbwmsn;
cÖfvlK : miKvwi fvIqvj e`‡i Avjg K‡jR, MvRxcyi;
miKvwi gwnjv K‡jR, PÆMÖvg, †ZwjMvwZ K‡jR, †bÎ‡KvYv|
cwi‡ekK
evsjv‡`k eBNi
34/2, b_©eªæK nj †ivW, evsjvevRvi XvKv-1100|

i³v³ cÖvšÍi 3
i³v³ cÖvšÍi
gybxi †P․ayix
m¤úv`bv
cÖYe †P․ayix
K‡jR ms¯‥iY, f~wgKv msewjZ
cÖKvkbvq
jwZd wcÖw›Us †cÖm GÛ cvewj‡KkÝ
48, Fwl‡Kk `vm †ivW, XvKv-1100|
cÖ_g K‡jR ms¯‥iY
wØZxq gy`ªY
Z…Zxq gy`ªY
PZz_© gy`ªY
cÂg gy`ªY
lô gy`ªY
cÖ”Q`
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
b‡f¤^i 1998
GwcÖj 2000
RyjvB 2001
AvM÷ 2002
†g 2005
RyjvB 2008
kvnxb
gy`ª‡Y :
jwZd wcÖw›Us †cÖm GÛ cvewj‡KkÝ
48, Fwl‡Kk `vm †ivW, XvKv-1100|
g~j¨ : †ZBk UvKv gvÎ|
cÖvwß¯ vb
evsjv‡`k eBNi
34/2, b_©eªæK nj †ivW, evsjvevRvi XvKv-1100|

i³v³ cÖvšÍi6
cvV¨m~wP
 f~wgKv ............................................................... 721
 bvU¨Kv‡ii K_v ................................................. 2226
 bvUK : i³v³ cÖvšÍi ..........................................27104
 cÖkœvewj ....................................................... 105113
 e¨vL¨vewj ..................................................... 104116

i³v³ cÖvšÍi 7
f~wgKv
Ôi³v³ cÖvšÍiÕ gybxi †P․ayixi bvUK| gybxi †P․ayix GKvË‡ii
knx` eyw×Rxex, Avgv‡ì RvZxq BwZnv‡mi Awfbœ mËv|1
†`k
kÎægy³ nIqvi K‡qK NÈv Av‡M gvÎ Avgiv nvwi‡qwQ Zvu‡K| gybxi
†P․ayix wbnZ n‡jb ¯^vaxbZv we‡ivax kw³i nv‡Z| Ôi³v³
cÖvšÍiÕGi bvqK Beªvwng Kvw`©i g‡ZvB wK G g„Zz¨! kvgmyi ivngvb
gybxi †P․ayix‡K wb‡q †h KweZv iPbv Ki‡jb, Zvi bvg G Kvi‡YB
eywS Ôi³v³ cÖvšÍiÕ:
ÔQz‡U hvB w`wM¦w`K, wKšÍy KB †Kv_vI †`wL bv Avcbv‡K
LyuRwQ WvB‡b-evu‡q Zbœ Zbœ K‡i, mew`‡K WvwK cÖvYc‡Y
evievi|
†Kv_vI Avcwb †bB Avi|
Avcwb wb‡RB AvR Kx `ytmn welYœ msev`Õ|2
GK AwfRvZm¤£všÍ cwiev‡i gybxi †P․ayixi Rb¥; •cZ…K wbevm
†bvqvLvwj, R‡b¥wQ‡jb gvwbKMÄ kn‡i, 1925 wLª÷v‡ãi 25 b‡f¤î|
QvÎRxeb †_‡KB †gavex, m„wókxj I cÖMwZkxj| 1943 mv‡j, Zvui
QvÎve¯ vq †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb d¨vmx we‡ivax wecøex MíKvi †mv‡gb P‡›`ªi
¯§„wZmfvq| 1948 mv‡j c~e© evsjv KwgDwb÷ †bZ…‡Z¡i Ab¨Zg
wbe©vwPZ n‡q KvR ïiæ K‡ib| 1948 mv‡ji 30 Ryb XvKvi mìNv‡U
KwgDwb÷ cvwU© †h Rbmfv K‡iwQj, gymwjg jx‡Mi †jv‡Kiv Zv †f‡O
w`‡qwQj| gybxi †P․ayix †mB HwZnvwmK Rbmfvq mfvcwZ wQ‡jb|
1947 mv‡j Bs‡iwR‡Z, 1954 mv‡j evsjvq, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K
Gg. G. K‡ib, Zvici 1958 mv‡j nvf©vW© wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K
fvlvZ‡Ë¡ Gg.G. K‡ib| 52Gi fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b mwµq AskMÖnY
Zuvi Rxe‡bi †M․iegq Aa¨vq| 1949 mv‡j gybxi †P․ayix KviveiY
K‡iwQ‡jb| 1952 mv‡j fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b Zvu‡K Avevi †MÖdZvi Kiv
nq| 1954 mv‡ji wbe©vPb c~e©Kvj ch©šÍ wZwb Kviviæ× wQ‡jb| GKB
KvivMv‡i ZLb e›`x Aveyj nvwmg, †kL gywReyi ingvb, AwRZ ¸un,

i³v³ cÖvšÍi8
gvIjvbv Avãyi iwk` ZK©evMxk cÖgyL| 1954 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m
gyw³ †c‡q wZwb †hvM †`b Zvui c~e©Zb Kg©¯ j XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
Bs‡iwR wefv‡M| Kg©Rxe‡bi cÖ_g w`‡K wQ‡jb †`․jZcyi K‡jR,
RMbœv_ K‡j‡Ri Aa¨vcK, c‡i XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Bs‡iwR wefv‡M|
1955 mv‡j †hvM †`b GKB wek¦we`¨vj‡qi evsjv wefv‡M, g„Zzï c~e©
ch©šÍ wZwb †mLv‡bB wQ‡jb Kg©iZ|
`yB
mvwn‡Z¨ gybxi †P․ayixi Avwef©ve Pwjøk `k‡K| KweZv, KL‡bv
mL‡bv, MíB wjL‡Zb †ewk| wKšÍy KweZv ev Mí bq, Zvui m„wókxj
cÖwZfv Dchy³ cÖKvk I weKv‡ki c_ †c‡qwQj bvU‡K| mvwnwZ¨K
gybxi †P․ayixi AvR cwiPq I cÖwZôv g~jZ bvU¨Kvi wn‡m‡e|
wek¦we`¨vjq Rxe‡bi cvVë¯ vqB wZwb bvU‡Ki w`‡K Szu‡KwQ‡jb|
ÔivRvi Rb¥w`‡bÕ †mKv‡j iwPZ I cwiPvwjZ Zvui bvUK| Gm.Gg
n‡ji QvÎ wgjbvqZ‡b Gi Awfbq n‡qwQj| bvUK iPbv I gÂvq‡b
gybxi †P․ayixi cÖ‡Póv wQj AZzjbxq| †k·cxqi, I Ôbxj evb©vW© k
cÖgyL we‡k¦i KvjRqx bvU¨Kvi‡ì wZwb evsjvq G‡b w`‡jb| c„w_exi
†hLv‡bB †M‡Qb, †mLvbKvi bvU¨RMZ‡K Mfxifv‡e AwaKZ Kivi
†Póv K‡i‡Qb| †`‡k wZwb †h AvaywbK bvU¨Kjv I bvU¨v‡›`vj‡bi ¯^cœ
†`‡LwQ‡jb, ¯^vaxbZv cieZ©x evsjv‡`‡ki bvU¨RMr e¯ÍyZ ZviB
ev¯Íevqb| Zvui ¯^cœ wQj Av‡iv eo b¨vkbvj w_‡qUvi ¯ vcb|
gybxi †PŠayixi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ bvU¨Kg©:
†g․wjK gvbyl, bó †Q‡j, Kei, i³v³ cÖvšÍi, `ÐKviY¨, `Ð,
`Ðai, wPwV BZ¨vw`|
Abyev` gyLiv igYx ekxKiY, iƒcvi †K․‡Uv, †KD wKQz ej‡Z cv‡i
bv, I‡_‡jv (Amgvß) BZ¨vw`|
gybxi †P․ayixi bvU¨kw³ I cÖMwZkxj †PZbv †_‡K DrmvwiZ bvUK
ÔgvbylÕ wefvMc~e©hy‡Mi mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½vi †cÖÿvc‡U iwPZ| evB‡i

i³v³ cÖvšÍi 9
hLb wn›`y, gymwjg nZ¨vh‡Ái Avw`gZv, AvMšÍyK Wv³vi Avi wn›`y
_v‡K bv, cÖwZcÿ mgv‡Ri Avkª‡q †eu‡P wM‡q GKwU gvbe wkïi
Rxeb‡K g„Zzï nvZ †_‡K D×vi K‡i| bvU‡K evievi D”PvwiZ
n‡q‡Q ÔAvwg gvbylÕ| G bvUK iPbvi Rb¨ gybxi †P․ayix‡K XvKv I
PÆMÖv‡g jvwÃZ n‡Z n‡qwQj|4
ÔgvbylÕ GKvw¼KvÕ; Ôbó †Q‡jÕ AvKv‡i Av‡iv `xN©-`ywU `„k¨
msewjZ| gybxi †P․ayixi ivR‣bwZK e³‡eï m~Pbv GLv‡b| iÿYkxj
cwiev‡ii ÔAvcvÕ GKRb evgcš x AvÐviMÖvDÛ Kg©x| Zvi evev
GiZvRyj Kwig myweav‡fvMx cÖwZwµqvkxj ivR‣bwZK gZev`x‡ì
cÖwZwbwa| Avcvi gy‡L †m mg‡qi ivóªxq Ae¯ vi wPÎ; ÔQvcvLvbvq ¸Ðv
cywjk, †iwWI‡Z ¸Ðv cywjk, Avgv‡ì K_v‡K ch©šÍ Mjv wU‡c †g‡i
†dj‡Z PvB‡Q| bvU‡Ki †klvs‡k Avcv †ewi‡q c‡o wPimsMÖv‡gi
c‡_|
G ch©v‡q gybxi †P․ayixi me‡P‡q cwiwPZ I RbwcÖq bvUK
ÔKeiÕ| fvlv Av‡›`vjb Gi welq| 1953 mv‡ji 21 †deªæqvwi cÖ_g
GKz‡k †deªæqvwi D`&hvcb Dcj‡ÿ †RjLvbvq mne›`x‡ì Øviv Awfbq
Dc‡hvMx K‡i iwPZ G bvUK| AvU `kwU n¨vwi‡K‡bi AveQv Av‡jvq
†mw`b cÖ_g AwfbxZ nq evsjv mvwn‡Zï G KvjRqx bvUK| GLv‡b
NUbv gyL¨ bq, gyL¨ †PZbv| knx`‡ì jvk ivZ †cvnv‡bvi Av‡MB
Kei¯  Ki‡Z KZ…©cÿ e¨¯Í, ZvI Avevi GK Ke‡i mevi jvk| gy`©v
dwK‡ii Db¥v` cÖjv‡c †e‡R D‡V kvk¦Z msMÖv‡gi evYx: ÔIiv gy`©v bq|
g‡iwb| gi‡e bv| Iiv KL‡bv Ke‡i hv‡e bv| Ke‡ii wb‡P Iiv †KD
_vK‡e bv|Õ
ZvB mZ¨ n‡jv| Qvqvg~wZ©‡Z †mB knx`‡ì gy‡Li K_v : ÔAvgiv
gwiwb| Avgiv gi‡Z PvBwb| Avgiv gi‡ev bv| Ke‡i hv‡ev bv|Õ
ÔgvbylÕ, Ôbó †Q‡jÕ ÔKeiÕ Av‡M iwPZ n‡jI gybxi †P․ayixi cÖ_g
cÖKvwkZ bvUK Ôi³v³ cÖvšÍiÕ| bvU¨MÖš  cÖKv‡ki Avb›` ¯^fveZB
Zvu‡K cyjwKZ K‡iwQj| bvUKwU cyi¯‥…Z n‡q Zvu‡K ¯ vqx gh©v`vq
AwawôZ Ki‡jv|

i³v³ cÖvšÍi10
wZb
bvU¨Kvi gybxi †P․ayix Av‡iv bvbv cwiP‡q ¯^bvgab¨ : evM¥x,
fvlvwe`, wkÿvwe`, Aa¨vcK I cÖeÜKvi| Zvui cÖeÜMÖš  : ÔWªvB‡Wb I
wW Gj ivqÕ, Ôgxi gvbmÕ, ÔZzjbvg~jK mgv‡jvPbvÕ Ôevsjv M`ïxwZÕ
BZ¨vw`| evsjv‡`‡ki M`¨ mvwn‡Z¨ gybxi †P․ayix Zvui hyw³kxj wPšÍv-
†PZbv I e¨w³Z¡ wPwýZ M`ïxwZi Rb¨ ¯§iYxq n‡q Av‡Qb|
Pvi
m¤¢eZ, Ôi³v³ cÖvšÍiÕ gybxi †P․ayixi †kªô bvUK|
bvUK ej‡Z Avgiv Kx eywS? ms¯‥…Z AvjOKvwiKMY bvUK‡K
e‡j‡Qb cÖavbZ `„k¨Kve¨| bvUK i½g‡Â gvbeRxeb Kvwnbx
i³gvs‡mi gvby‡li Awfb‡q g~Z© K‡i †Zv‡j| GKwU Bs‡iwR msÁv
G‡ÿ‡Î AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡hvR¨ : Drama is the creation and
representation of life in terms of the theatre;5
bvUK GKwU †h․M wkí, GLv‡bB mvwn‡Zï Ab¨vb¨ kvLvi m‡½ Gi
cv_©K¨| bvU‡Ki R‡b¨ PvB bvU¨Kvi, Kzkxje, wb‡`©kK, m‡e©vcwi `k©K|
bvU‡Ki Av‡e`b cÖZ¨ÿ, †hb `k©‡Ki mivmwi MY‡fvU MÖnY K‡i| hv
GKvšÍ KvíwbK, ZvI bvU‡K n‡q I‡V ev¯Íe| G Kvi‡YB cÖwZwµqvkxj
†Mvôxi Kv‡Q bvUK f‡qi welq|
mvaviYfv‡e GKwU bvUK †h bvUK, Zv †Pbvi jÿY Zvi msjvc|
AvMv‡Mvov msjvc| bvUK Aek¨B msjvcwbf©i; Gi m‡½ PvB NUbv I
Pwi‡Îi wµqv (action), `ªæZ MwZ, Ø›Ø, AvKw¯§ZKv I bvU¨Kv‡ii
wbwj©ßZv| †Kv‡bv NUbv ev Pwi‡Îi m‡½ bvU¨Kvi Rov‡eb bv| bvU‡Ki
GKwU e‡ov ¸Y DrKÉv| `k©K‡K bvUK DrKwÉZ K‡i ivL‡e Gici
Kx n‡jv, Kx n‡jv|
GKwU c~Y©v½ bvU‡K _v‡K cvuPwU ch©vq : cÖvi¤¢, cÖevn, DrKl©
(action), MÖwš ‡gvPb I Dcmsnvi| cÖ_‡g Avi¤¢, Zvici µgwe¯Ívi,

i³v³ cÖvšÍi 11
Zvici ÔDrKl©Õ bvU¨Ø‡›Øi P~ovšÍ ch©vq; Gici Zvi RwUjZv gyw³,
Ae‡k‡l mgvwß| GwU‡K GKwU †iLvwP‡Î †`Lv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i :
bvU‡Ki HK¨Îqxi K_vI Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi| wZbwU H‡K¨i K_v
ejv n‡Zv: mg‡qi HK¨, ¯ v‡bi HK¨ I NUbvi HK¨| G hy‡M NUbvi
HK¨ (Unity of action)†KB gvbv n‡q _v‡K|
wkíixwZi we‡køl‡Y GKwU c~Y©v½ bvU‡K PviwU A‡½i K_v ejv
n‡q _v‡K : Kvwnbx, PwiÎ, NUbv mgv‡ek I msjvc| AvaywbK bvU‡K
Kvwnbxi †P‡q Pwi‡Îi cÖvavb¨, Aek¨ Zv ïiæ n‡q‡Q †k·cxqi
†_‡K| GQvov AvR‡Ki bvU‡K evn¨Ø‡›Øi †P‡q AšÍØ©‡Øi w`KwU ¸iæZ¡
cv‡”Q|
bvU‡Ki †kªYxwefvM wewPÎ| bvbv w`K †_‡K Gi †kªYxweb¨vm Kiv
hvq :
1| welqe¯Íyi wfwË‡Z†c․ivwYK, HwZnvwmK mvgvwRK,
cvwievwiK, ivR‣bwZK PwiZg~jK BZ¨vw`|
2| welqe¯Íyi cwiYwZ ev i‡mi wePv‡i Uªv‡RwU, K‡gwW, cÖnmb,
†g‡jvWªvgv, Uª¨vwRK‡gwW|
3| MVbixwZ Abymv‡i Kve¨bvU¨, MxwZbvU¨, b„Z¨bvU¨,
Kve¨MxwZbvU¨ BZ¨vw`|
4| fve cÖvav‡b¨i w`K †_‡K K¬vwmK¨vj, †ivgvw›UK I ev¯Íe|
5| D‡Ïk¨cÖavbmgm¨vg~jK, iƒcKmvs‡KwZK I PwiZ bvUK|
6| AvqZ‡bi w`K †_‡K cÂv¼ ev c~Y©v½, GKvw¼Kv ev GKv¼,
bvwUKv BZ¨vw`|
DrKl©
cvuP
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ G bvU‡Ki Ae¯ vb †Kgb? evsjv‡`‡ki bvU‡Ki
BwZnvm K‡ZvUv mg„× Ges Zv‡Z gybxi †P․ayixi Ae¯ vb †Kv_vq?
1| 5|
2|
3|
4|
cÖvi¤¢ cÖevn MÖwš ‡gvPb
Dcmsnvi
DrmM©

i³v³ cÖvšÍi12
evsjv bvUK MÖvg¨ hvÎv †_‡K Av‡mwb G‡m‡Q cvðvZ¨ bvU‡Ki
cÖZ¨ÿ mvÿv‡Z| bvU‡Ki m‡½ g‡Âi m¤úK©| 1753 mv‡j KjKvZvq
G‡`‡k Bs‡iR‡ì cÖ_g i½vjq| evsjv i½g‡Âi cÖwZôv 1795 mv‡j,
†n‡ivwmg †j‡e‡WdGi cÖwZôvZv| ‘Love is the Best Doctor’
Ges ‘disguise’Gi evsjv Abyev` w`‡q, Zvui cÖ‡Póvq evsjv
bvU‡Ki hvÎv ïiæ|
evsjv bvU‡Ki cÖ_gfv‡M Avgiv cvB †ek wKQz ms¯‥…Z I Bs‡iwR
bvUK I cÖnm‡bi Abyev`| Ewbk kZ‡Ki wØZxqv‡a© G ch©‡q
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ : ZvivPiY wkK`v‡ii Ôf`ªvR©ybÕ, niP›`ª †Nv‡li ÔfvbygZx
wPËwejvmxÕ, b›`Kzgvi iv‡qi ÔAwfÁvbkKzšÍjgÕ BZ¨vw`| G mgq cvB
ivgbvivqY ZK©iZœ‡K, whwb cÖ_g evsjv †g․wjK bvUK
ÔKzjxbKzjme©¯^Gi †jLK, gaym~`‡bi c~‡e© me‡P‡q weL¨vZ bvU¨Kvi|
wZwb mvgvwRK, †c․ivwYK bvUK I cÖnmb †jLvi m‡½ m‡½ PviwU
ms¯‥…Z bvU‡Ki AbyevÌ K‡iwQ‡jb|
ivgbvivq‡Yi GKwU Abyev` ÔiZœvejxÕi m‡½ cieZ©x evsjv bvU‡Ki
GKwU Nwbô †hvM Av‡Q| GB ÔiZœvejxÕi Bs‡iwR iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z wM‡q
gaym~`‡bi evsjv bvU‡Ki bZzb aviv cÖeZ©‡bi B‡”Q †R‡MwQ‡jv Ges
†mB bZzb avivi bvUK Ôkwg©ôvÕ| kwg©ôv evsjv fvlvi cÖ_g mv_©K
bvUK| cvðvZ¨ bvUïxwZi KzkjZvq gaym~`b evsjv bvUK‡K cÖ_g
AvaywbKZv `vb K‡ib| Gici wZwb †ek KÕwU bvUK I cÖnmb iPbv
K‡ib : ÔcÙveZxÕ ÔK…òKzgvixÕ, ÔG‡KB wK e‡j mf¨ZvÕ Ges Ôey‡ov
kvwj‡Ki Nv‡o †iuv|Õ gaym~`bB evsjvq cÖ_g mv_©K Uªv‡RwW I cÖnmb
iPwqZv|
gaym~`‡bi ci `xbeÜy wgÎ| `xbeÜz wg‡Îi g~j cÖwZfv wQj
cÖnmb iPbvq| Zvui Ômaevi GKv`kxÕ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ ¯§iYxq m„wó|
`xbeÜy wg‡Îi Ôbxj`c©YÕ mgwaK cwiwPZ n‡jI wk‡í w`K †_‡K Zv
mv_©K n‡Z cv‡iwb|
gxi gkvid †nv‡m‡bi ÔRgx`vi `c©YÕ G †ÿ‡Î g‡b ivLvi g‡Zv|
Zvui G bvUKwU ew¼gP‡›`ªi cÖksmvab¨|6

i³v³ cÖvšÍi 13
cieZ©x evsjv bvU‡K A‡bK cÖavb AcÖavb bvU¨Kv‡ii bvg D‡jøL
Kiv hvq†R¨vwZwi›`ªbv_ VvKzi, wMwik P›`ª †Nvl, Ag„Z jvj emy, wØ‡R›`ª
jvj ivq (wW Gj ivq), ÿx‡iv` cÖmv` we`¨vwe‡bv`, iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi,
KvRx bRyiæj Bmjvg cÖgyL| Zvu‡ì g‡a¨ AšÍZ wZbR‡bi Ae`vb
wk‡ivavh©: wMwik P›`ª †Nvl, wØ‡R›`ª jvj ivq I iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi| wMwik
P‡›`ªi A‡bK bvU‡Ki g‡a¨ ÔRbvÕ, ÔcÖdzjøÕ, ÔwmivR‡Ï․jvÕ; wØ‡R›`ª
jv‡ji eû mv_©K bvU‡Ki g‡a¨ Ôb~iRvnvbÕ, ÔmvRvnvbÕ, ÔP›`ª¸ßÕ;
iex›`ªbv‡_i wewPÎ welq I Avw½‡Ki bvU‡Ki g‡a¨ ÔWvKNiÕ, ÔivRvÕ,
ÔAPjvqZbÕ, ÔwemR©bÕ, i³KiexÕ ÔwPÎv½`vÕ, ÔwPiKzgvi mfvÕ BZ¨vw`
evsjv mvwn‡Zï Agi m¤ú`|
MxwZKvwe¨K e¨Äbvq KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi bvUK¸‡jv wfbœ
gvÎv †c‡qwQj, †hgbÔwSwjwgjÕ, ÔAv‡jqvÕ, ÔgaygvjvÕ BZ¨vw`|
Qq
mvZPwjøk cieZ©x G‡`‡ki bvU‡Ki cÖ_gfv‡M wQ‡jb kvnv`r
†nv‡mb, AvKei DwÏb I Beªvwng Lvu| Zvuiv wefvMc~e© hy‡MB L¨vwZ jvf
K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvu‡ì bvUK GKvav‡i HwZnvwmK I mvgvwRK| kvnv`r
†nv‡m‡bi ÔmidivR LuvÕ, Ôbeve AvjxeÏ©xÕ, Ôgmb‡ì †gvnÕ I
ÔAvbviKwjÕ; AvKei DwÏ‡bi Ôbvwì kvnÕ, ÔwmÜzweRqÕ I ÔAvRvbÕ
Ges Beªvwng Lvui ÔKvgvjcvkvÕ, ÔAv‡bvqvi cvkvÕ I ÔKv‡djvÕ G c‡e©i
bvU¨mvwnZ¨|
Gi cieZ©x ch©v‡q Avgv‡ì bvU¨mvwnZ¨ welqe¯Íyi w`K †_‡K
gvbeZvag©x I Avw½‡Ki wewPÎ cixÿvq AMÖmi n‡Z _v‡K| †ek KÕRb
kw³gvb bvU¨Kv‡ii Avwef©ve N‡U; b~iæj †gv‡gb, AvmKvi Be‡b kvBL,
gybxi †P․ayix G wZbRb we‡klfv‡e ¯§iYxq| A‡b‡K Dcb¨vm iPbvi
cvkvcvwk bvU‡KI Ae`vb iv‡Lb : Aveyj dRj, •mq` IqvwjDjøvn,
kIKZ Imgvb cÖgyL|
G avivq D‡jøL‡hvM¨ bvUK : b~iæj †gv‡g‡bi ÔiƒcvšÍiÕ, Ô†b‡gwmmÕ,
Ôbqv Lvb`vbÕ, Ôhw` Ggb n‡ZvÕ AvmKvi Be‡b kvB‡Li ÔwZZzgxiÕ,
Ôi³cÙÕ, Ôwe‡`ªvnx cÙvÕ, Ôwe‡ivaÕ ÔAbyeZ©bÕ, ÔA‡bK Zvivi nvZQvwbÕ

i³v³ cÖvšÍi14
BZ¨vw`; gybxi †P․ayixi Kei, i³v³ cÖvšÍi, wPwV BZ¨vw`; Aveyj
dR‡ji ÔGKwU mKvjÕ, ÔAv‡jvK jZvÕ; •mq` IqvwjDjøvni ÔewncxiÕ,
ÔZi½f½Õ, kIKZ Imgv‡bi ÔAvgjvi gvgjvÕ, ÔZ¯‥i I j¯‥iÕ,
ÔKvuKigwbÕ, ÔGwZgLvbv BZ¨vw`| K‡qKRb Kwe bvU¨ iPbvq KzkjZvi
cwiPq †`b : RmxgD`&`xb, AvjvDwÏb Avj& AvRv` I wmKvb&`vi Avey
Rvdi| RmxgD`&`x‡bi †jvKbvU¨ ÔcÙvcviÕ, Ô†e‡ì †g‡qÕ, I
ÔgaygvjvÕ; AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv‡ì ÔBûwì †g‡qÕ, Ôgvqvex cÖniÕ I
Ôgi‡°vi hv`yKiÕ; wmKvb&`vi Avey Rvd‡ii ÔkKzšÍjv DcvL¨vbÕ,
ÔwmivR‡Ï․jvÕ, ÔgnvKwe AvjvIjÕ ¯§iYxq m„wó| di&iæL Avng‡ì
Kve¨bvU¨ Ô†b․‡dj I nv‡ZgÕ Avw½‡Ki mdjZvq ¯^Zš¿ D‡jø‡Li `vwe
iv‡L|
bvU¨Kvi wn‡m‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨Zvi Av‡iv `vwe`vi : Ave`yj nK,
Avwbm †P․ayix, mvC` Avng`, Av.b.g. eRjyi ikx` cÖgyL|
Gi c‡iB ¯^vaxbZvcieZ©x bvUäviv| evsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Zï wewfbœ
kvLvi g‡a¨ bvUK me‡P‡q †ewk DrKl© I bZzb gvÎv aviY K‡i| bvUK
n‡q I‡V bvU¨v‡›`vjb| mgKvjxb †PZbv avi‡Y bvUK nq GKB m‡½
Zxeª ivR‣bwZKmvgvwRK e³eäg©x, kvwYZ Ges Avw½‡Ki cixÿvq
wewPÎ| wewfbœ bvU¨‡Mvôxi wbqwgZ cÖ`k©‡b bvUK Qwo‡q c‡o ivRavbx
†_‡K MÖvgMÖvgvšÍ‡i| bvUK m¤úwK©Z cÎcwÎKv †ei nq, †hgb
iv‡g›`y gRyg`vi m¤úvw`Z Ôw_‡qUviÕ|
GKv‡ji bvU‡Ki me‡P‡q eo Ae`vb m¤¢eZ `k©K m„wó| `k©bxi
wewbg‡q mvb‡›` †¯^”Qvq bvUK †`Lvi Rb¨ Gfv‡e AvMÖn Gi Av‡M Avi
jÿ Kiv hvqwb| †ekwKQz cÖwZfvevb bvU¨Kv‡ii mgv‡e‡k evsjv‡`‡ki
bvUK I bvU¨v‡›`vj‡bi G bZzb BwZnvm iwPZ nq, hv mv¤cÖwZK
bvU‡KI Ae¨vnZ| D‡jøL‡hvM¨ bvU¨Kvi I bvUK : ggZvRD`&`xb
Avng‡ì Ô¯^vaxbZv Avgvi ¯^vaxbZvÕ, Ôü`qNwUZ e¨vcvi m¨vcviÕ,
ÔnwiY wPZv wPjÕ, Ô¯úvU©vKvm welqK RwUjZvÕ, ÔmvZNv‡Ui KvbvKwo,
BZ¨vw`; Ave`yjøvn Avj gvgy‡bi ÔmyePb wbe©vm‡bÕ, ÔGLbB mgqÕ,
Ô†mbvcwZÕ, ÔGevi aiv `vIÕ, ÔAiwÿZ gwZwSjÕ, Ô†KvwKjvivÕ BZ¨vw`,
gvgybyi ikx‡ì ÔIiv K`g AvjxÕ, ÔIiv Av‡Q e‡jBÕ, ÔGLv‡b †bvOiÕ

i³v³ cÖvšÍi 15
BZ¨vw`| •mq` kvgmyj n‡Ki `yÕwU Kve¨bvUK ¯^Zš¿ Av‡e`b m„wó‡Z
mg_© n‡q‡Q : Ôcv‡qi AvIqvR cvIqv hvqÕ Ges b~iæj`x‡bi Ômviv
RxebÕ|
¯^vaxbZv c~e©eZ©x I cieZ©x G bvUävivq gybxi †P․ayix
Awe¯§iYxq, Zvui Kv‡ji me©vaywbK Ges ¯^vaxb ¯^‡`‡ki AvaywbKZvi
c~e©m~ix|
mvZ
Ôi³v³ cÖvšÍiÕGi bvU¨¸Y wePv‡ii cÖavb K‡qKwU w`K :
K. HwZnvwmK
L. Uªv‡RwW
M. bvgKiY
N. PwiÎ m„wó
O. hy×we‡ivax †PZbv
P. fvlvmsjvc
K. BwZnvm mvwn‡Zï GKwU Dcv`vb, wKš‧ BwZnvm I mvwn‡Zï
g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ my¯úó| HwZnvwmK bvUK BwZnvm bq- bvUK|
BwZnvm Gi Dcv`vb gvÎ| GK_v g‡b †i‡L bvUK iPbv Ki‡j
weåvwšÍi KviY _v‡K bv| HwZnvwmK bvU‡Ki wkíiƒc GK_vB
e‡j| BwZnv‡mi Kvwnbx I PwiÎ wb‡q iwPZ, g~j BwZnvm AÿzYœ
†i‡L †jLK Aek¨B Zv‡Z MÖnY-eR©b Ki‡eb, Av‡ivc Ki‡eb
Kíbv, bZzbZi m„wó‡K․k‡j Zuvi wbR¯^ iPbv K‡i Zzj‡eb|
BwZnv‡mi e¨vcviwU Zv‡Z ÔHwZnvwmK imÕ gvÎ|
gybxi †P․ayix Ôi³v³ cÖvšÍiÕ iPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q BwZnvm‡K g~jZ
HwZn¨ wn‡m‡e eënvi K‡i‡Qb| cvwbc‡_i Z…Zxq hy× Ôi³v³
cÖv¯ÍiÕ- Gi cUf~wg| G hy‡×i ¸iæZ¡ wZwb Abyfe K‡i‡Qb Gfv‡e-
Ôh‡Zv wn›`y Avi h‡Zv gymjgvb GB hy‡× cÖvY †`q cvK-fvi‡Zi
BwZnv‡m †Zgb Avi †Kvbw`b nqwb|7
ÔgvbweK `„wó‡Z welv`c~Y©Õ
I ÔRvZxq Rxe‡bi Rb¨ MøvwbKiÕ GB i³iwÄZ cvwbc‡_i cÖvšÍ‡iBÕ

i³v³ cÖvšÍi16
G bvU‡Ki ÔcU D‡b¥vwPZÕ| bvU¨Kvi AZ¨šÍ m‡PZb-Z‡e hy‡×i
BwZnvm Avgvi bvU‡Ki DcKiY gvÎ, Aby‡cÖiYv bq| ....... KviY
Avwg bvU‡Ki ek, BwZnv‡mi `vm bB| bvU‡K BwZnvm Dcjÿ
gvÎ|Õ8
m‡›`n †bB, gybxi †P․ayix Kvwnbxi †cÖÿvc‡Ui g‡Zv BwZnv‡mi
PwiÎ-mgv‡ek K‡i‡Qb| cÖavb cyiæl PwiÎ: Avn&g` kvn Ave`vjx,
Beªvwng Kvw`©, beve myRvD‡Ï․jv, beve bRxe‡Ï․jv BwZnv‡mi w`K
†_‡KI ¸iæZ¡en| gybxi †P․ayix Kvq‡Kvev‡`i Ôgnvk¥kvbÕ †_‡K
Kvwnbxi mvivsk I PwiÎ wb‡q‡Qb; HwZnvwmK NUbv-Pwi‡Îi m‡½
†mLvb †_‡KB G‡b‡Qb A‣bwZnvwmK NUbvcÖevn I PwiÎ| AvZv Luv
HwZnvwmK e¨w³ n‡jI ÔwniY-AvZv Luvi Kvwnbxi cÖvq meUvB
KweKwíZ|Õ9
me‡P‡q e‡ov K_v, g~j PwiÎ †Rvniv †eMg ev gbœy †eM
Kvq‡Kvev‡`i KwíZ PwiÎ m„wó gvÎ|
cÖK…Zc‡ÿ gybxi †P․ayix HwZnvwmK cUf~wg‡Z GKwU †cÖ‡gi bvUK
iPbv K‡i‡Qb| bvU¨Kvi wb‡RI Zv g‡b K‡i‡Qb Ges G Kvi‡Y
Ôi³v³ cÖvšÍiÕ †K ÔHwZnvwmK bvUK bv ej‡jI ÿwZ †bBÕ, Ggb
¯^”Q›` AwfgZ †cvlY K‡i‡Qb| gybxi †P․ayix AvaywbK bvU¨Kvi|
evB‡ii BwZnvm‡K wZwb DcRxe¨ K‡i‡Qb AšÍ‡i| d‡j G bvU‡Ki
Ø›Ø msNvZI HwZnvwmK n‡q I‡Vwb| RvwZMZ Ø›Ø, e¨w³MZ Ø‡›Ø
cwiYZ| gvivVv-gymjgv‡bi bq, e¨w³ Beªvwng Kvw`© I †Rvniv †eM‡gi
Av`k© I AšÍM©Z Ø›Ø| d‡j BwZnv‡mi bvqK Ave`vjx, bvU‡Ki bvqK
Beªvwng Kvw`©| BwZnv‡mi Av‡e`b m„wóI bvU‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ wQj bv,
bq‡Zv hy‡×i djvdj Avgiv †c‡q wM‡qwQ Z…Zxq A‡¼i cÖ_g `„‡k¨,
wKš‧ bvUK †kl n‡jv bv| †kl `„k¨wUi Rb¨B `k©‡Ki A‡cÿv, †hLv‡b
†Rvniv †eM‡gi GZw`‡bi cÖZxÿv-¯^cœ-Kíbv me e¨_© n‡q‡Q, gyw³i
digvb wb‡q KvivMv‡i wM‡q †`‡L Beªvwng Kvw`© wbnZ| †Rvnivi
AvZ©bv` wb‡qB `k‡K©i wd‡i Avm‡Z nq|
G ai‡bi BwZnvm öj‡b gybxi †P․ayixi Aciva †bB| GLv‡bB
eis Zuvi K…wZZ¡: ÔKwe Ze g‡bvf~wg iv‡gi Rb¥¯ vb, A‡hva¨vi †P‡qI
mZ¨ †R‡bv|Õ12

i³v³ cÖvšÍi 17
L. Ôi³v³ cÖv¯ÍiÕ GKwU mv_©K Uªv‡RwWi `„óvšÍ| im cwiYv‡gi w`K
†_‡K Uªv‡RwW wek¦mvwn‡Z¨B myweL¨vZ| Gi cÖvPxbZ¡I mywew`Z| wMÖK
bvU¨mvwnZ¨, †k·cxq‡ii Uªv‡RwW me©Kv‡ji iPbvm¤¢vi| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨
cÖ_g mv_©K Uªv‡RwW gvB‡Kj gaym~`‡bi ÔK…òKzgvixÕ| evsjvq Uªv‡RwW
iPbvq mv_©K wkíxi msL¨v KL‡bvB †ewk bq| iex›`ªbv‡_i ÔwemR©bÕ
†K Avgiv GKwU AvaywbK Uªv‡RwW ej‡Z cvwi| evsjv‡`‡ki
bvU¨mvwn‡Z¨ gybxi †P․ayixi Ôi³v³ cÖvšÍiÕ- Gi gZ Uªv‡RwW Av‡Rv
weij|
AvaywbK wPšÍvq Uªv‡RwW n‡”Q ‘representation of human
unhappiness’| gybxi †P․ayix Ôi³v³ cÖvšÍiÕ- G gvbweK AšÍ©NvZ‡K
DcRxe¨ K‡i‡Qb BwZnv‡mi Avkª‡q| Ôgxi gvbmÕ- Gi †jLK gybxi
†P․ayix wK GLv‡b Ôwelv` wmÜzÕi Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡q‡Qb? Ôwelv`
wm›`yÕ†Z †hgb Kvievjvi bq, GwR`-Rqbv‡ei †ivgvw›UK Ø›Ø, fvM¨
wjL‡bi Awbevh©Zv, Ôi³v³ cÖvšÍiÕ- GI wK Avgiv ZvB †`wL bv? Z‡e
GwR` †hLv‡b iƒc †gv‡n ÿZweÿZ, Beªvwng Kvw`© †mLv‡b †Rvniv
†eM‡gi cÖwZ AšÍh©š¿Yvq Aw¯ i|
Ôi³v³ cÖvšÍiÕ GKwU Ø›ØgyLi bvUK| cÖ_g A‡¼i wØZxq `„‡k¨
wM‡q Gi cÖZ¨ÿ m~ÎcvZ, Zvici †_‡K G Ø‡›Øi µ‡gvMwZ Ges
bvU‡Ki †kl `„‡k¨ Gi cwimgvwß| †gvU wZb A‡¼i AvUwU `„‡kï
g‡a¨ PviwU `„k¨B Uªv‡RwW- Av”Qbœ: cÖ_g A‡¼i wØZxq `„k¨, wØZxq
A‡¼i cÖ_g `„k¨, Z…Zxq A‡¼i cÖ_g I wØZxq `„k¨| g~j Uªv‡RwW
Beªvwng- †Rvnivi| G Uªv‡RwW Av`k©MZ| Zv‡ì †cÖg AUzU, wKš‧ hy×
G‡m Zv‡ì `~‡i †V‡j w`‡q‡Q| Beªvwng Kvw`©i ¯^vRvZ¨‡ev‡ai Afve
†bB, wKš‧ †eCgvb n‡Z cv‡i bv e‡j gvivVv c‡ÿ, Ab¨w`‡K †Rvniv
†eMg GKvšÍfv‡e cwZAbyMZv ¯¿x bq e‡j Ges ¯^RvwZi cÖwZ
`vwqZ¡‡ev‡a gymwjg c‡ÿ| hy× Zv‡ì evwn¨Kfv‡e wew”Qbœ K‡i‡Q wKš‧
AšÍi †_‡K bq| ci¯úi KvQvKvwQ nq †Mvc‡b, wKš‧ †KD Kv‡iv Av`k©
†Q‡o Avm‡Z cv‡i bv| Ae‡k‡l hy×‡k‡li cÖZxÿv| hy× †kl nq, Z‡e

i³v³ cÖvšÍi18
AšÍ‡ii µ›`b †kl nq bv| Beªvwng Kvw`© g„Zz¨i ga¨ w`‡q †QvU
gyw³Uv‡K Ae‡njv K‡i eo gyw³Uv‡K Avwj½b13
Ki‡jI †Rvniv †eMg
Kx wb‡q †eu‡P iB‡jv! bvwqKvcÖavb bvUK Ôi³v³ cÖvšÍiÕ- Gi cÖavb
Uªv‡RwWI bvwqKv †Rvnivi|
†mB m‡½ †h hy×we‡ivax †PZbvq BwZnv‡mi Dcv`vb wb‡q G
bvUK, †mB hy‡×i wbg©g cwiYwZ eY©bvqI bvU¨Kvi Uªv‡RwW m„wó
K‡i‡Qb Z…Zxq A‡¼i cÖ_g `„‡k¨, Ave`vjxi eY©bvq|
bvU‡Ki cvk¦© Kvwnbxi Uªv‡RwWI g~j Uªv‡RwWi m‡½ G‡m wg‡j‡Q
wniY‡K nvwi‡q AvZv Luvi msjv‡c- Ôg‡i †M‡Q| Avwg hLb Zv‡K Lyu‡R
†cjvg ZLb †m g‡i †M‡Q| jvkUv Kuv‡a †d‡j e‡q wb‡q G‡mwQ|Õ14
Uªv‡RwWi mv_©KZvi wkí‡K․k‡j bvU¨Kvi wni‡Yi m‡½ w`jx‡ci †h
jNy `„‡k¨i AeZviYv K‡i‡Qb, Zv bvU‡K, hv‡K ejv nq ÔwiwjdÕ ev
Ôgyw³Õ| Uªv‡RwWi mv_©KZv wePv‡i G w`KwUI D‡cÿYxq bq|
M. bvU‡Ki bvgKi‡Y bvU¨Kvi †K›`ªxq welq †PZbv‡KB Aej¤^b
K‡i‡Qb| cÖvšÍ‡ii †P‡q i³v³ AšÍiB n‡q‡Q bvU‡Ki g~je¯‧, †m w`K
†_‡K ÔcÖvšÍiÕ n‡q‡Q ÔAšÍiÕ- Gi iƒcK| †h Uªv‡RwW G‡ZvÿY
Av‡jvwPZ n‡jv, Zvi iƒcK e¨Äbvq Ôi³v³ cÖvšÍiÕ bvgKiY h_v_© I
mv_©K| cÖKvivšÍ‡i, †h cvwbc‡_i cÖvšÍi bvU‡Ki †cÖÿcU, G bvgKiY
Zv‡KI eR©b Ki‡jv bv|
N. Ôi³v³ cÖvšÍiÕ- Gi cÖavb `yÕwU PwiÎ bvqK Beªvwng Kvw`© I
bvwqKv †Rvniv †eMg| cvk¦© PwiÎ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Avng` kvn
Ave`vjx, bRxe‡Ï․jv I myRvD‡Ï․jv| AvZv Luv, w`jxc, ewki I iwng
mvaviY PwiÎ n‡jI cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB m„wó bvU‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb †_‡K| gybxi
†P․ayix bvU‡Ki ïiæ‡Z PwiÎ¸‡jvi cwiPq ms‡ÿ‡c n‡jI Ggbfv‡e
Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb, wfbœ e¨vL¨vi A‡cÿv iv‡L bv|
O. hy×we‡ivax †PZbvB bvU‡Ki mgMÖ Ask‡K Av‡jvwoZ K‡i
UªvwRK cwiYvg `vb K‡i‡Q| G m¤ú‡K© bvU¨Kv‡ii e³e¨ G‡ZvB ¯úó
†h, Av‡jvPbv evûj¨ gvÎ|

i³v³ cÖvšÍi20
†Rvniv| Avnv! NygvI| Avwg †Zvgv‡K RvMv‡ev bv| †Zvgvi
gyL †`‡L Avwg ey‡SwQ, A‡bKw`b Zzwg NygvIwb|
†Pv‡Li `y cvZv gy‡` g‡bi Av¸‡bi jKj‡K wkLv‡K
wKQzÿ‡Yi Rb¨ n‡jI Avov‡j †V‡j w`‡Z cv‡ivwb|
Kó, Ny‡gi eo K‡ó fy‡M‡Qv Zzwg| NygvI! Av‡iv
NygvI! cÖvYf‡i NygvI!21
cÖYe †PŠayix
Z_¨m~Î:
1. gybxi †P․ayix ¯§viK msL¨v Ôw_‡qUviÕ b‡f¤î, 1972|
2. Ôi³v³ cÖvšÍiÕ gvwmK ÔgyLcÎÕ|
3. gybxi †P․ayix ¯§viK msL¨v w_‡qUvi, b‡f¤î, 1972|
4. gybxi †P․ayixi bvUK msjvc- Wt iwdKzj Bmjvg, GKz‡k
†deªæqvwi msL¨v, 1981, •`wbK msev`|
5. discovering Drama-Elizabeth Drew.
6. evsjv mvwn‡Zï BwZe„Ë-gyn¤§` Avãyj nvB I •mq` Avjx
Avnmvb|
7. bvU¨Kv‡ii K_v, Ôi³v³ cÖvšÍiÕ|
8. cÖv¸³|
9. AvaywbK evsjv Kv‡e¨ wn›`y-gymjgvb m¤úK©- Wt †gvnv¤§`
gwbiæ¾vgvb|
10. bvU¨Kv‡ii K_v, Ôi³v³ cÖvšÍiÕ|
11. cÖvMy³|
12. fvlv I Q›`, iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi|
13. i³v³ cÖvšÍi, Z…Zxq A‡¼i wØZxq `„k¨, myRvi Dw³|
14. i³v³ cÖvšÍi, Z…Zxq A‡¼i cÖ_g `„k¨, AvZv Luvi Dw³|
15. i³v³ cÖvšÍi, cÖ_g A‡¼i cÖ_g `„k¨|

i³v³ cÖvšÍi22
bvU¨Kv‡ii K_v
1.1 cvwbc‡_i Z…Zxq hy× G bvU‡Ki cUf~wg| G hy× AbywôZ
nq 1761 mv‡j| gvivVv evwnbxi †bZ…Z¡ K‡ib evjvRx ivI †c‡kvqv;
gymwjg kw³i c‡ÿ Avn&g` kvn& Ave&`vjx| G hy‡×i BwZnvm †hgb
†kvKven †Zgwb fqven- wn›`y I gymwjg ci¯úi‡K wbwðý K‡i †èvi
m¼í wb‡q hy‡× AeZxY© nq| hy‡×i ¯ ~j cwiYvg gvivVv‡ì civRq I
cZb, gymwjg kw³i Rq I cÖwZôv jvf| Rq- civR‡qi G evn¨
djvd‡ji Aci wc‡V i‡q‡Q Dfq c‡ÿi Acwi‡gq ÿqÿwZi i³v³
¯^vÿi| h‡Zv wn›`y Avi h‡Zv gymjgvb G hy‡× cÖvY †`q cvK- fvi‡Zi
BwZnv‡m †Zgb Avi †Kv‡bvw`b nqwb| gvivVviv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c civwRZ
n‡jv e‡U wKš‧ gymwjg kw³I Kg ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡jv bv| AíKvj g‡a¨B
wech©¯Í I nZej gymwjg kvmKeM©‡K c`vbZ K‡i e„wUk ivRkw³
fvi‡Z Zvi kvmbeë¯ v Kv‡qg Ki‡Z D‡`¨vMx nq| cvwbc‡_i Z…Zxq
hy‡×i AeëwnZ djvdj †hgb gvbweK `„wó‡Z welv`c~Y©, Zvi
cieZx©Kvjxb cwiYvgI †Zgwb RvZxq Rxe‡bi Rb¨ MøvwbKi| G
i³iwÄZ cvwbc‡_i cÖvšÍ‡iB Avgvi bvU‡Ki cU D‡b¥vwPZ|
1.2 Z‡e hy‡×i BwZnvm Avgvi bvU‡Ki DcKiY gvÎ- Aby‡cÖiYv
bq| BwZnv‡mi GK we‡kl Dcjwä gvbe-fvM¨‡K Avgvi Kíbvq †h
wewkó Zvrc‡h© D™¢vwmZ K‡i †Zv‡j bvU‡K Avwg Zv‡KB cÖvY`vb Ki‡Z
†Póv K‡iwQ| Avgvi bvU‡Ki cvÎ-cvÎxiv gnvhy‡×i GK welgq
cwi‡e‡ki wkKvi| wb‡R‡ì cwiYv‡gi Rb¨ Zviv mK‡jB AskZ `vqx
n‡jI Zv‡ì †ewki fv‡Mi Rxe‡bi iƒpZg AvNvZ hy‡×i m~‡ÎB cÖvß|
iY‡ÿ‡Îi me©v½xY D‡ËRbv I Db¥v`bv G‡ì Rxe‡bI mÂvwiZ K‡i
GK `ytmn AwbwðZ Aw¯ iZv| iY¯ú‡k© Abyf~wZ MfxiZv jvf K‡i,
AvKv•ÿv ZxeªZg nq, nZvk ü`q we`xY© K‡i| i³v³ nq gvby‡li gb|
hy×vemv‡b cvwbc‡_i cÖvšÍ‡i Aewkó †h KqwU gvbe-gvbexi ü`‡qi
¯ú›`b Abyfe Kwi Zv‡ì mK‡j AevšÍi iY‡ÿ‡Îi †P‡q fqveniƒ‡c
weaŸ¯Í I ÿZweÿZ| cÖvšÍ‡ii †P‡q G i³v³ AšÍiB eZ©gvb bvUK
iPbvq Avgv‡K †ewk AbycÖvwYZ K‡i‡Q|

i³v³ cÖvšÍi 23
1.3 Gi ms‡M GKUv ZË¡MZ `„wóI G bvU‡K cÖkªq jvf K‡i‡Q|
†m n‡jv G hy‡Mi Ab¨Zg hy×we‡ivax †PZbv| hy×weMÖn cwic~Y©
HwZnvwmK cUf~wg‡Z †cÖ‡gi bvUK iPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q AvwgI nq‡Zv
GKKv‡ji AviI A‡bK bvU¨Kv‡ii gZB msMÖvg bq kvwšÍi evYx cÖPv‡i
hZœ wb‡qwQ| GUv nIqvB ¯^vfvweK KviY Avwg bvU‡Ki ek BwZnv‡mi
`vm bB| bvU‡K BwZnvm Dcjÿ gvÎ| Zv‡K Avwg wbe©vPb Kwi G Rb¨
†h Zvi g‡a¨ Avgvi AvaywbK Rxeb- †PZbvi †Kv‡bv iƒcK Avfvm
n‡jI Kíbxq we‡ePbv K‡iwQ Ges †hLv‡b Kíbv weNœ Aj•Nbxq g‡b
Kwiwb †mLv‡b Am‡¼v‡P cy‡iv‡bv †evZ‡j bZzb myiv mieivn K‡iwQ|
G A‡_© i³v³-cÖvšÍi‡K HwZnvwmK bvUK bv ej‡jI ÿwZ †bB|
1.4 Kvwnbxi mvivsk Avwg Kvq‡Kvev‡ì gnvk¥kvb Kve¨ †_‡K
msMÖn Kwi| gnvk¥kvb Kve¨ wecyjvqZb gnvKve¨| Zv‡Z A‡bK
NUbv, A‡bK PwiÎ| Avwg Zv †_‡K K‡qKwU gvÎ †e‡Q wb‡qwQ| Z‡e
bvU‡K ¯^fve I AšÍ‡ii AvPiY I Dw³i wewkó iƒcvq‡Y Avwg A‡bï
wbKU FYx bB| Avgvi bvU‡Ki PwiÎ-wPÎY, NUbv-ms¯ vcb I msjvc
wbg©v‡Yi †K․kj Avgvi wbR¯^| †h Rxe‡bvcjwä‡K †h cÖwµqvq
Ôi³v³-cÖvšÍ‡iÕ D¾¡jZv `vb Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi iƒc I cÖK…wZ me©vs‡k
AvaywbK|
1.5 G bvUK iPbvi Rb¨ Avwg 1962 mv‡j evOjv GKv‡Wgxi
mvwnZ¨-cyi¯‥vi jvf Kwi|
2.1 i³v³-cÖvšÍ‡i bvqK bq bvwqKvB cÖavb| †Rvniv †eM‡gi
ü`‡qi i³ÿi‡YB bvU‡Ki UªvwRK Av‡e`b me©vwaK MvpZv jvf K‡i|
GK igbxi `yB iƒc| GK iƒ‡c †m iƒceZx I †cÖggqx; Abïƒ‡c †m
exiv½bv I ¯^RvwZ- †mweKv| cÖwZK~j cwi‡e‡ki wbcxo‡b G `yB cÖeYZv
Zvi ü`‡q †Kv‡bv kvwšÍgq mvgÄm¨ weav‡b mg_© nqwb| †Rvniv †eMg
GKevi cÖYqv‡e‡M w`kvnviv n‡q kÎæwkwe‡i Qz‡U hvq `wq‡Z¡i mvwbœa¨
jv‡fi Rb¨ wKš‧ wbK‡U G‡m cÖYqv‡eM Ae`vwgZ †i‡L ÿgvnxb
Av`‡k©i evYx‡KB e¨³ K‡i †ewk| ¯^xq wkwe‡i cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i i³v³
ü`‡q cig wcÖqZ‡gi weiæ‡×B D‡ËvwjZ Awm n‡¯Í msMÖv‡g Suvwc‡q

i³v³ cÖvšÍi24
c‡o| Z‡e m¤¢eZ †Rvniv †eM‡gi exiv½bv g~wZ©i A‡bKLvwbB Zvi
QÙ‡ek, Zvi we‡eK-eyw×kvwmZ wmÜv‡šÍi cÖwZdj| wKš‧ G cwibv‡g
AšÍ‡ii igbx-cÖvY‡K cÖ¯Í‡i cwiYZ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| cwiYv‡g ü`q
we`xY© nq Ges Zv †_‡K mnmªavivq i³ DrmvwiZ n‡q cwi‡ek cøvweZ
K‡i|
2.2 Beªvwng Kvw`©i ü`‡qi AvZ¥ÿqx Ø‡›Øi ¯îƒc GKB cÖK…wZi|
K…ZÁZv‡ev‡a we‡eK Zv‡K Zvi cÖMvp c‡_ cwiPvwjZ K‡i; cÖ_g
†_‡KB †m Abyfe K‡i †h GK gnvhy‡×i fqven cwiYv‡gi m‡½ Zvi
fvM¨ Awe‡”Q`¨ m~‡Î weRwoZ| Z‡e GI mZ¨ †h, hy‡×i Rq-civR‡qi
†Kv‡bv djvdjB Zvi wewawjwc cwiewZ©Z Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv bv| Zvi
wb‡Ri eyw×-we‡eK I ü`qe„wËB cwi‡e‡ki weiæ× kw³i Øviv ZvwoZ
n‡q AvZ¥weKv‡ki msNUb AcÖwZ‡iva¨ K‡i †Zv‡j| cÖwZK~j wbqwZi
wbg©g wb‡`©‡k †m wbcxwoZ nq, Awbevh©fv‡e gg©vwšÍK cwimgvwßi
w`‡K GwM‡q hvq, g„ZzëiY K‡i|
2.3 Beªvwng Kvw`©i †P‡q bvU‡K nq‡Zv beve bRxe‡Ï․jvi PwiÎ
AwaKZi D¾¡j I cÖ`xß| cÖej Av‡eMm¤úbœ G Av`k©ev`x exi
†Rvniv †eM‡gi iƒc I †k․‡h© gy» nq| hw` Rwibv †eM‡gi cwZmvwbœa¨
jv‡fi Kvgbv GZ D`MÖ bv n‡Zv, m¼‡Ui w`‡bI hw` ¯^vgx‡K Zvi
Kg©gq Rxeb †_‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i †Kej wb‡Ri evûcv‡k Ave× ivLvi
Rb¨ Rwibv e¨vKzjZv cÖKvk bv KiZ, hw` Rwibvi bvixmyjf
m‡›`ncivqYZv welgq ZxeªZv aviYv bv KiZ, Zvn‡j beve wb‡Ri
AšÍ‡ii cÖ”Qbœ evmbvi Av¸‡b AviI `xN©Kvj cy‡o gi‡jI nq‡Zv hv
AbywPZ Zv cÖKvk Ki‡Zv bv|
2.4 myRvD‡Ï․jv G bvU‡Ki c_wb‡`©kKvix `vk©wbK| axiw¯ i I
`~i`„wóm¤úbœ| myRvD‡Ï․jv me mg‡q cÖKvk bv Ki‡jI Pvicv‡ki
gvby‡li gg©¯ j ch©šÍ ¯úó †`L‡Z cvq, Zv‡ì g‡bi †ÿvf I ÿ‡Zi
Rb¨ Mfxi mnvbyf~wZ Abyfe K‡i Ges wb‡Ri evYx‡K mim ì‡` f‡i
Zzj‡Z Rv‡b| myRvD‡Ï․jv hy‡× †hvM`vb K‡i wb‡Ri `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi
Rb¨| AšÍ‡i †m Rv‡b †h hy× †Kv‡bv mgm¨viB mgvavb K‡i bv; Rv‡b
†h msMÖv‡gi †P‡q kvwšÍ, e›`x‡Z¡i †P‡q gyw³ A‡bK eo|

i³v³ cÖvšÍi 25
2.5 AvZv Luv, w`jxc, ewki Luv Ges iwng †kL G bvU‡Ki
K‡qKwU mvaviY PwiÎ| G‡ì g‡a¨ AvZv Luv cÖavbZ, ewki AskZ
i³v³-cÖvšÍ‡ii welv`fvivµvšÍ cwi‡e‡ki g‡a¨ g„`y †K․ZzK I
nvmï‡mi †LvivK †hvMvq| w`jxc `ye„©Ë n‡jI i½i‡mi Avavi| Z‡e
G‡ì †K․Zz‡Ki gvÎv KLbI mxgv AwZµg K‡i bvU‡Ki g~j my‡ii
m‡½ Am½wZ m„wó Ki‡e bv| AvZv Luvi AvPiY ¯ jwe‡k‡l KwgK
g‡b n‡jI Zvi ¸ßPie„wËi m‡½ Ggb GKwU Rv¾¡j¨gvb †e`bv|
weRwoZ †h Zv mn‡RB †Rvniv †eM‡gi QÙ‡ek avi‡Yi cÖm½ ¯§iY
Kwi‡q †`q| cÖnixi †K․ZzKRbK AvPiYI fqvenZvg~jK bq|
3.0 i³v³-cÖvšÍ‡ii †kl `„k¨ m¤^‡Ü GKwU K_v| bvU‡K Ggb
†Kv‡bv wbwðZ cÖgvY †bB †h iÿx iwng †kLB AvnZ Kvw`©‡K nZ¨v
K‡i| Kvw`©i g„Zzï KviY B”QvK…Zfv‡e A¯úó ivLv n‡q‡Q| GKRb
mvaviY •mwb‡Ki cÖwZwnsmvi Ke‡j c‡o Kvw`©i g„Zz¨ nq, GK_v a‡i
†bqvi †P‡q AvnZ exi AwZwi³ i³ÿi‡Yi d‡j g„ZzëiY K‡i Kíbv
Kiv †kªq|
PwiÎ wjwc
Beªvwng Kvw`© eZ©gv‡b †ckevi •mb¨va¨ÿ
beve bRxe‡Ï․jv †ivwnjvi beve
beve myRvD‡Ï․jv A‡hva¨vi beve
Avn&g` kvn& Ave&`vjx Kvey‡ji AwacwZ
AvZv Luv ¸ßPi, QÙbvg Agi
w`jxc gvivVv hyeK
ewki Luv Ave&`vjxi †`niÿx I cÖnix
iwng †kL H
†Rvniv †eMg Kvw`©-cZœx, QÙbvg gbœy †eM
Rwibv †eMg bRxe‡Ï․jvi †eMg
wniYevjv gvivVv hyeZx
KwZcq •mwbK I cÖnix

i³v³ cÖvšÍi26
4.0 bvU¨Kv‡ii cwiPvjbvaxb 1962 mv‡ji 19 I 20 GwcÖj
XvKvq Bb&wRwbqvm© Bbw÷wUD‡U i³v³-cÖvšÍi cÖ_g gÂ¯  nq| cÖ_g
iRbxi wkíx‡`i bvg I f~wgKvi cwiPq wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv:
†Rvniv †eMg : wdi‡`․m Aviv †eMg
Rwibv †eMg : wjwj †P․ayix
wniYevjv : b~iæbœvnvi †eMg
Beªvwng Kvw`© : iv‡g›`y gRyg`vi
beve bRxe‡Ï․jv : b~i †gvnv¤§` wgqv
beve myRvD‡Ï․jv : KvImi
Avn&gv` kvn& Ave&`vjx : gybxi †P․ayix
AvZv Luv : iwdKzj Bmjvg
w`jxc : AvmKvi Be‡b kvBL
iwng †kL : Gbv‡qZ cxi
ewki Luv : Øxb †gvnv¤§`
gybxi †PŠayix

i³v³ cÖvšÍi 27
bvUK
i³v³ cÖvšÍi
gybxi †PŠayix

i³v³ cÖvšÍi28
PwiÎ wjwc
Beªvwng Kvw`© eZ©gv‡b †ckevi •mb¨va¨ÿ
beve bRxe‡Ï․jv †ivwnjvi beve
beve myRvD‡Ï․jv A‡hva¨vi beve
Avn&g` kvn& Ave&`vjx Kvey‡ji AwacwZ
AvZv Luv ¸ßPi, QÙbvg Agi
w`jxc gvivVv hyeK
ewki Luv Ave&`vjxi †`niÿx I cÖnix
iwng †kL H
†Rvniv †eMg Kvw`©-cZœx, QÙbvg gbœy †eM
Rwibv †eMg bRxe‡Ï․jvi †eMg
wniYevjv gvivVv hyeZx
KwZcq •mwbK I cÖnix

i³v³ cÖvšÍi 29
Avgvi cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ MÖš’
wjwji bv‡g
DrmM© Kijvg|

i³v³ cÖvšÍi40
wØZxq `„k¨
(¯’vb: KzÄicyi `yM©)
[†bc‡_¨ DrmegyLi ivwÎi DZ‡ivj †Kvjvnj, bvbv MxZ
I b„‡Z¨i Avbylw½K wewea ev`¨h‡š¿ Zi‡½v”Q¡vm| Beªvwng
Kvw`©i Kÿ| Svji-KvUv gL&g‡ji cðvrc‡U GKB
gwnjvi `yÕ‡Uv •ZjwPÎ| `yÕ‡UviB cv`‡`‡k dy‡ji ¯Í~c
Ges Zvi cv‡k GKwU K‡i cÖ`xc R¡j‡Q| Beªvwng Kvw`©
cÖ‡ek Ki‡ZB †cQ‡bi †Kvjvnj I b„Z¨MxZ aŸwb g„`y
†_‡K g„`yZi n‡q Avm‡e|]
Kvw`©| (wP‡Îi w`‡K ZvwK‡q) GwK! †Zvgv‡K Abve„Z K‡i‡Q †K?
†Rvniv! †Rvniv! GB cÖ`xc, GB dzj, G Kvi `vb? G
Zzwg †Kv_vq †c‡j? †Kb G‡m‡Qv? †K †Zvgv‡K Avm‡Z
e‡j‡Q? `xcwkLvq i³v³ n‡q me©v‡½ dz‡ji †m․if †g‡L
Zzwg weRwqbxi nvwm nvm‡Qv| exYvi Zv‡ii Ici †Zvgvi
big jKj‡K AvOy‡ji b„Z¨, †Zvgvi eRªgywó-a„Z wb‡®‥vwlZ
Zievwi- H gayi nvwmi AšÍiv‡j Me©‡K, `c©‡K,
AvZ¥weKvi‡K GKUzI Avovj K‡i ivL‡Z cv‡iwb| wKš‧
fyj K‡i‡Qv †Rvniv †eMg| gg©vwšÍK fyj K‡i‡Qv|
AvR‡Ki GB `‡kvnivi Drm‡e cÖgË Djøv‡m †g‡Z Avgvi
GB wbR©b N‡i †Zvgvi H Qwei AveiY‡K †h D‡b¥vwPZ
K‡i‡Q †m Avwg bB| `ye©j Av‡e‡Mi wenŸjZvq †h PÂj-
wPË †Zvgvi wP‡Îi cv`g~‡j dz‡ji ¯Í~c iPbv K‡i wN‡qi
cÖ`xc †R¡‡j‡Q Zvi bvg Beªvwng Kvw`© bq| eo fyj
K‡i‡Qv †Rvniv †eMg| eo fyj K‡i‡Qv Zzwg| hw` cvi
Z‡e wPÎ †_‡K H nvwm Dc‡o †d‡jv| AvR‡K Avwg Rqx,
Zzwg bI| `‡c©i Kvov bvKvov evwR‡q AÆnvwm‡Z †d‡U
coevi AwaKvi AvR Avgvi| †Zvgvi bq| Zzwg AvR
mwZ¨ civwRZ, we¯§„Z, wemwR©Z| GKevi mg¯Í `yM©Uv

i³v³ cÖvšÍi42
Kvw`©| mvaviY •mwb‡Ki KvR K‡iwQ divwm‡ì •mbëvwnbx‡Z|
AvaywbK iYwe`¨v ZvivB Avgv‡K wkwL‡q‡Q| †h․e‡b
PvKwii mÜv‡b mKj Rv‡Zi wkwe‡iB nvbv w`‡qwQ| Dchy³
gh©v`v w`‡q †KD wbhy³ Ki‡Z Pvqwb| †mw`b mm¤§v‡b
•mb¨va¨‡ÿi c‡` †hvM`vb Kivi Rb¨ whwb Avgv‡K Avgš¿Y
Rvbvb, wZwb n‡jb gvivVvwacwZ †ckev| Zvici GB
cvwbc‡_i cÖvšÍ‡i ïiæ n‡q‡Q wn›`y¯ v‡bi gymwjg kw³i
m‡½ gvivVvi msNl©| gymwjg kw³i Rq †nvK AvwgI
g‡bcÖv‡Y Kvgbv Kwi| wKš‧ hviv Avgvi Avkªq`vZv,
cvjbKZ©v, Avgvi i‡³i †kl we›`y †X‡j Zv‡ì ¯^v_©iÿvi
Rb¨ jovB K‡i hv‡ev| †Rvniv †eMg Zv gvb‡Z Pvqwb|
ZiæYx| Kx e‡j‡Q?
Kvw`©| e‡j‡Q, †gn&`x †eM Zvi Kb¨vi Rb¨ jv‡nv‡i †h
m¤úwË †i‡L †M‡Q, RvgvZv wn‡m‡e Zvi Ici Avgvi
AwaKvi bvwK †lvjAvbv| gvivVv‡ì PvKwi‡Z B¯Ídv
w`‡q, wb‡Ri cZœxi m¤úwË‡K wbR m¤ú` we‡ePbv K‡i
Zvi mvnv‡h¨ †hb ¯^vaxb Rxeb wbe©vn Kwi|
ZiæYx| †Kb Ki‡j bv?
Kvw`©| Zzwg †g‡q, ZvB †m K_v †Zvgv‡K †evSv‡Z cvi‡ev bv|
ZiæYx| Avgv‡K bv nq bv cvi‡j? wKš‧ hv‡K fv‡jvev‡mv, Zv‡KI
†evSv‡Z cvi‡j bv? Agb fv‡jvevmvi bvg gy‡L G‡bv bv|
Kvw`©| †gn&`x †e‡Mi Kb¨v fv‡jvevmvi g~j¨ †ev‡S bv| Avgv‡K
wa°vi w`‡q e‡j D‡V‡Q, Avwg bvwK wek¦vmNvZK,
¯âg©‡`ªvnx, civbœ‡fvMx, nxb‡PZv, Kvcyiæl|
ZiæYx| AšÍ‡i Ag„Z bv _vK‡j gyL w`‡q GZ Mij DM‡i w`‡Z
cvi‡Zv bv|
Kvw`©| M„nZ¨vM K‡i hvevi mgq e‡j †M‡Q, Avgvi mvwbœa¨ Zvi
Kv‡Q Amn¨| Avgvi cv‡ci Kj¼ †m ¯^Zš¿ Rxe‡b wb‡Ri
K‡g©i Øviv †X‡K ivL‡Z †Póv Ki‡e, Zv‡K gy‡Q †dj‡Z
D‡`¨vMx n‡e| Dn&! †Pv‡L gy‡L †m Kx `ytmn N„Yvi

i³v³ cÖvšÍi 47
P‡j †M‡j|
†Rvniv| G Awf‡hvM mZ¨ bq| Zzwg Rv‡bv Avgv‡`i `yÕUzK‡iv K‡i
Avjv`v K‡i‡Q †Kvb& kw³| †Kb Zzwg gymwjg wkwe‡i bI,
†Kb gvivVv wkwe‡i?
Kvw`©| wg‡Q K_v| hw` †mUvB me‡P‡q eo mZ¨ n‡Zv Zvn‡j AvR
Kx K‡i Zv wg‡_¨ n‡q †Mj? AvR Kx K‡i Zzwg mKj
Ø›Ø-mskq P~Y© K‡i GB Mfxi iv‡Z, gvivVv wkwe‡i Avgvi
N‡i Qz‡U G‡j?
†Rvniv| †Zvgv‡K wb‡q †h‡Z|
[Kvw`© †n‡m D‡V]
Kvw`©| Zzwg Db¥vw`bx| Zzwg igYx Ges Db¥vw`bx| †Zvgvi m‡½
m½Z I †kvfb AvPiY Kiv wbi_©K|
†Rvniv|
Kx ej‡Z PvI Zzwg?
Kvw`©| A‡cÿv K‡iv| cyiæ‡li civµg ü`qnxbv bvixi `¤¢‡K Kx
K‡i civf~Z K‡i GLwb cÖZ¨ÿ Ki‡e| Avwg †Rvi K‡i
†Zvgv‡K wkwe‡i AvU‡K ivL‡ev| (GKUv NÈvq g„`y AvNvZ
K‡i|) GKevi fyj K‡iwQ e‡j wK evievi †mB GKB fyj
Ki‡Z n‡e? ivwÎ †kl nevi Av‡MB KzÄicyi `y‡M©i GB
`‡kvnivi Drme †Zvgvi Avgvi cybwg©j‡bi †mvnv‡M
KjKj K‡i †n‡m DV‡e| †Kv‡bv cvVvb •mwbK ev igYx
†hb AvR iv‡Z GB gvivVv wkwei Z¨vM Ki‡Z bv cv‡i
Zvi cvKv e¨e¯ v K‡i ivL‡ev|
†Rvniv| kw³i †h mywkÿv †Zvgvi KvQ †_‡K jvf K‡iwQ Zvi
ÿgZv‡K AZ Ae‡njv K‡iv bv| †Rvniv †eMg‡K RxešÍ
AvU‡K ivL‡e Ggb kw³ †Zvgvi cÖnixi †bB| ivwÎ †kl
nevi Av‡MB †`L‡e nq †Zvgvi cÖnixi bq †Zvgvi cZœxi
i‡³ †Zvgvi gvivVv wkwei iwÄZ|
Kvw`©| †Rvniv|

i³v³ cÖvšÍi48
†Rvniv| Avovj †_‡K †Zvgvi cÖnix‡K P‡j †h‡Z e‡jv|
[Kvw`© NÈvq g„`yfv‡e `yÕ†Uv AvNvZ K‡i|]
Kvw`©| †KD †bB|
†Rvniv| Zzwg Rv‡bv KzÄicy‡ii `yM©‡K Avgiv w`jøx †_‡K m¤ú~Y©
wew”Qbœ K‡i w`‡qwQ| †Zvgv‡ì wkwe‡i im` cÖ‡e‡ki
mKj iv¯Ív Avng` kvn& `yiivbxi P‡iiv cvnviv w`‡”Q|
KzÄicyi †_‡K b‡o eo‡Rvi †Zvgiv cvwbc_ ch©šÍ
G¸‡Z cvi‡e| wKš‧ Zvici Avi bq| mg¯Í wn›`y¯ v‡bi
gymjgvb evMc‡_ mw¤§wjZ n‡q A‡cÿv Ki‡Q| hgybvi
cvwb Zv‡ì i‡³ jvj n‡q hv‡e, wKš‧ wn›`y gvivVv‡K
DwPZ wkÿv bv w`‡q Zviv †KD RxešÍ wd‡i hv‡e bv|
Kvw`©| Avwg Rvwb|
†Rvniv| Avi GKw`b wK `yÕw`b| ZviciB †m †Nvi mgq ïiæ n‡e|
Zzwg wd‡i G‡mv| Avgvi m‡½ wd‡i P‡jv|
Kvw`©| †h wd‡i hv‡e †m Avwg n‡ev bv| †m n‡e wek¦vmNvZK|
†m n‡e Beªvwng Kvw`©i jvk| Zv‡K w`‡q Zzwg Kx Ki‡e?-
Zzwg Kuv`‡Qv| fvi‡Z gymwjg kw³ Rqhy³ †nvK, Zvi
c~e© †M․ie †m wd‡i cvK-wek¦vm K‡iv G Kvgbv Avgvi
g‡b Anin R¡j‡Q| wKš‧ fvM¨ Avgv‡K cÖZvwiZ K‡i‡Q|
†m †M․i‡e AskMÖn‡Yi AwaKvi †_‡K Avgv‡K ewÂZ
K‡i‡Q| Avgvi msK‡Ui w`‡b hviv Avgv‡K Avkªq
w`‡q‡Q K‡g© wbhy³ K‡i‡Q, Hk¦h© `vb K‡i‡Q †m
gvivVv‡ì wec‡ì w`‡b Avwg Pzc K‡i e‡m _vK‡ev?
c`Z¨vM Ki‡ev? `jZ¨vM Ki‡ev? †m nq bv, †Rvniv|
Avwg wbwðZ Rvwb, Rq-civRq hvB AvmyK, g„Zz¨ wfbœ
Avgvi gyw³i Ab¨ †Kvb c_ †bB| G mg‡q Zzwg Avgvi
KvQ †_‡K P‡j †hI bv, †Rvniv! Pviw`‡K eo AÜKvi!
gv‡S gv‡S i‡³i jvj †Qvc gvLv‡bv! evèvwK me Kv‡jv-
Kv‡jv †Nvi AÜKvi! †Rvniv, Avgv‡K k³ K‡i a‡i

i³v³ cÖvšÍi52
nvwo, †R‡b-ï‡bI me †P‡c †i‡L‡Q hvq| Zv ivL‡e bv
†Kb! †k‡l wK heb e‡b †Zvgv‡K †Lvqv‡e?
wniY| †Zvgvi msev` cwi‡ekb Kiv †kl n‡q‡Q?
[wniY gvwU‡Z c‡o _vKv Lv‡c-XvKv Z‡jvqviUvi w`‡K
evievi ZvKvq Ges GKUz GKUz K‡i Zvi Kv‡Q GwM‡q
hvq|]
w`jxc| g‡b n‡”Q †hb Av‡`․ wePwjZ n‡j bv|
wniY| wbðqB wePwjZ n‡qwQ| GZ wePwjZ n‡qwQ †h, mgMÖ gb
PvB‡Q †h, GÿzwY Gi GKUv cÖwZKvi Kwi| Zzwg Avgvi
GZ eo DcKvi K‡i‡Qv †h, nv‡Z nv‡Z GKUv cÖwZ`vb
†Zvgvi cvIqv DwPZ|
[wniY wÿcÖMwZ‡Z Suy‡K c‡o Z‡jvqviUv ai‡Z hv‡e Avi
Agwb Zvi †P‡q wÿcÖZvi m‡½ jvwd‡q c‡o cv w`‡q †mUv
†P‡c a‡i iv‡L w`jxc|]
w`jxc| Avn&! Kx †Q‡jgvbywl Ki‡Qv! Avwg Rvwb †h, Zzwg Awm
Pvjbvq mycUz| wKš‧ ZvB e‡j GB Amg‡q †Zvgvi
Z‡jvqv‡ii †Ljv †K †`L‡Z †P‡q‡Q? Avwg Aíwe¯Íi
gvZvj n‡qwQ e‡U, wKš‧ gv_v G‡Kev‡i Lvivc n‡q hvqwb|
Zvj- †eZvj Ávb wejKzj wVK Av‡Q| (e‡m c‡o `yÕnv‡Z
†P‡c a‡i Zv‡jvqv‡ii LvcUv †`L‡Z _v‡K) evt! eo Lvmv
Z‡jvqvi †`LwQ| Ggb evnv‡ii b·v Kiv A¯¿ gvivVv
wkwe‡i †Kv‡bv g`© e¨envi K‡i e‡j g‡b nq bv|
wniY| †bkvi †Nv‡i Kx †`L‡Qv| Avi Kx eK‡Qv ZzwgB Rv‡bv|
w`jxc| †bkvi wbKzwP Kwi| Avgvi †Pv‡L ay‡jv w`‡Z †Póv †Kv‡iv
bv wniY| G Z‡jvqvi GLv‡b †Kv‡Ì‡K G‡jv? G A¯¿
†`LwQ gymjgv‡bi, gvivVv wkwe‡i Kx K‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡jv?
Reve `vI?
wniY| cÖkœ Zzwg K‡i‡Qv, ReveI ZzwgB `vI|
w`jxc| †`‡ev, †`‡ev! Aek¨ †`‡ev| (D‡V `uvwo‡q wÿ‡ßi g‡Zv

i³v³ cÖvšÍi54
Zvi Avov‡j Z‡jvqviLvbv nv‡Z Zz‡j †bq) Zv evev †g‡Si
Ici hvi cvMox-cvRvgv MovMwo Lv‡”Q †m ev›`v Lv‡Ui
wb‡P †Kv_vI jywK‡q †bB †Zv?
wniY| bv!
w`jxc| †ek †ek| GB N‡ii g‡a¨ †_‡K nVvr †ewi‡q c‡o DrcvZ
ïiæ bv Ki‡jB n‡jv! AvR iv‡Z e¨vUv wkwe‡ii ¯^vaxbZv
†fvM KiæK, Kvj mKv‡j UzwU †P‡c ai‡ev| ¸ßPie„wË
Ki‡Z G‡m i½ Rb‡gi gZ NywP‡q †`‡ev|
wniY| Zv‡K wPb‡e Kx K‡i?
w`jxc| †m Avwg wVK wP‡b †b‡ev| †Zvgvi G N‡i evqy PjvPj GZ
Kg †h, †N‡g †b‡q DVjvg| AZGe †Zvgvi AbygwZ wb‡q
Avgvi c~e©Mvgx heb †mbvi g‡Zv AvwgI Gevi Mv‡qi
RvgvUv Ly‡j †dj‡Z PvB|
[gv_v wbPz K‡i w`jxc Rvgv Lyj‡Z D`¨Z, Ggb mgq wniY
GK SUKvq Zievwi †Kvlgy³ K‡i †bq|]
wniY| Lei`vi Rvgv Mv‡q iv‡Lv! Avi GKwU Am`vPiY K‡iQ wK
webv wØavq †Zvgv‡K `yÕUzK‡iv K‡i †dj‡ev|
w`jxc| Zzwg mwZ¨ inm¨gqx, wniYevjv| cwZ, DccwZ meB
†Mvc‡b hebKyj †_‡K wbe©vPb Ki‡Z †Zvgvi †Kv‡bv wØav
†eva nq bv, ivM †Kej ¯^a‡g©i GKwU ü`qevb Ziæ‡Yi
cÖwZ|
wniY| GB †Zvgvi DËixq| †hgb K‡i c‡i G‡mwQ‡j †Zgwb
K‡i me©v‡½ †cwP‡q bvI| †Kv‡bv K_v e‡jv bv| †Zvgvi
K_v ïb‡jB Avgvi B”Qv nq †Zvgvi ey‡Ki Ici nuvUz †P‡c
e‡m Mjvq Pvc w`‡q wRnŸvUv †U‡b Dc‡o †d‡j w`|
w`jxc| Avi ga¨iv‡Z AcwiwPZ heb- †mbv N‡i Xy‡K e¯¿
cwiZ¨vM Ki‡Z PvB‡jI g‡b †Kv‡bv †ÿvf nq bv, bv?
wniY| wZwb Avgvi AcwiwPZ bb|
w`jxc| PgrKvi! AgiI wK GB msev` iv‡L bvwK?

i³v³ cÖvšÍi 63
myRv| cÖavb †mbvcwZ wb‡`©k †c‡jB Ki‡ev|
bRxe| †m wb‡`©k‡K Z¡ivwš^Z Kievi RbÏ Avcbvi wKQz `vwqZ¡
i‡q‡Q|
myRv| †hgb?
bRxe| Avwg †ivwnjvL‡Ði, Avcwb A‡hva¨vi cÖwZwbwa| Avn&g`
kvn& Ave&`vjx wn›`y¯ v‡bi †KD bb, wZwZ Kvey‡jk¦i|
AvMvgxw`‡b wn›`y¯ v‡bi mgMÖ gymjgvb‡K cwiPvjbvi fvi
MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e Avgv‡K ev Avcbv‡K-Ave`vjx‡K bq|
myRv| AvMvgx w`‡bi K_v †K ej‡Z cv‡i| GKRb gvby‡li
Rxe‡bI †Kv‡bv `yÕ†Uv gyn~Z© GK iKg bq| GB gyn~‡Z©i
wbwðZ Avk¦vm c‡ii gyn~‡Z©i AvMg‡bi m‡½ m‡½ P~Y©weP~Y©
n‡q hvq| hv G‡Kev‡i †Pv‡Li mvg‡b AeavwiZiƒ‡c
we`¨gvb, †mUv ch©šÍ mKj mgq †`L‡Z cvB bv| hv †`wL
Zv nq‡Zv fyj †`wL| K‡Zv mgq g‡b nq wVKB †`LwQ,
wKš‧ Av‡`․ †`L‡Z cvBwb| (gbœy †eM‡K) †Zvgvi †Pv‡Li
mvg‡b me ¸uwU mvRv‡bv wQj| me †`‡L ï‡b, wbwðšÍ
AvZ¥wek¦vm wb‡q Avevi wØZxq wcjUvI MÖvm Ki‡j|
m‡½ m‡½ †Zvgvi wb‡Ri ev`kvi giYI Nwb‡q G‡jv|
gbœy| AÜ| G‡Kev‡i A‡Üi g‡Zv †L‡jwQ| †L‡j †n‡i †MwQ|
bRxe| Avwg AÜ bB eis civRq eiY K‡iI Avwg ¯^w¯Í cvB
bv| wb‡Ri wbqwZ‡K Avwg wb‡R nv‡Z M‡o †bIqvi
cÿcvZx| Avgvi wb‡Ri Ges mgMÖ wn›`y¯ v‡bi
gymjgvb‡ì Møvwb †gvPb bv K‡i Avwg ÿvšÍ n‡ev bv| †h
AvNvZ Iiv Avgv‡K †n‡b‡Q, I‡ì‡K Avwg Zv kZ¸Y
fq¼i †Z‡R †diZ w`‡Z PvB| Avn&g` kvn& `yiivbx‡K
GB Rb¨ mvjvg Kwi †h, wZwbB nZfvMv eû-wef³ gymwjg
fviZ‡K HK¨ Ges k„•Ljv `vb K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi †bZ…‡Z¡i
cÖfve wfbœ nq‡Zv Avwg Avcbvi cv‡k, Avcwb Avgvi cv‡k
G‡m GK KvZv‡i ùvwo‡q gvivVv‡ì weiæ‡× A¯¿ ai‡Z
cviZvg bv|

i³v³ cÖvšÍi68
gbœy| Avgv‡K wR‡Ám Kiv ev`kvi Acwimxg e`vb¨Zv ev
inm¨| wcÖqZvi Avi GKUv cÖKvk gvÎ| Avgv‡ì †Kvb
bZzb e³e¨ †bB| ivRbxwZi RwUjZv m¤ú‡K© Avwg AÁ|
Z‡e GUzKz Rvwb †h, h‡Zvw`b gvivVv kw³i `¤¢ a~wjmvr bv
n‡e, Z‡Zvw`b fvi‡Zi gymjgvbMY gv_v DuPz K‡i ùvov‡Z
cvi‡e bv| Zviv wbM„nxZ n‡e, wbcxwoZ n‡e, wbwðý
n‡e| Bmjv‡gi †R¨vwZ G‡`‡k wb‡f hv‡e| Avwg A¯¿avix
•mwbK, AvµgY wfbœ Ab¨ fvlv Avgvi Kv‡Q `y‡e©va¨| Avwg
ev`kvi m‡½ GKgZ|
Ave&`vjx| mvevm! mvevm! gbœy †eM| †Zvgvi †ZR, †Zvgvi ZviæY¨,
†Zvgvi kw³ cvwbc‡_ Avgv‡K c‡` c‡` bZzb
Aby‡cÖiYv †hvMv‡e|
gbœy| Avgv‡K Avi kwg©›`v Ki‡eb bv|
bRxe| Avcbvi ûKz‡gi Rb¨ Avgiv A‡cÿv KiwQjvg| kÎæ‡mbv
wba‡bi Rb¨ mKj •mwbK Aaxi| bvbv msev` wePvi K‡i
Avgv‡ìI g‡b n‡q‡Q Avµg‡Yi Rb¨ GB‡UB m‡ev©rK…ó
gyn~Z©| Avcbvi wb‡`©kmn c~Y© cwiKíbv Rvb‡Z cvi‡j
Avgiv AvR iv‡ZB-GKvwaK evwnbx‡K wb‡q AZwK©‡Z
gvivVv wkwei AvµgY Ki‡Z cvwi|
Ave&`vjx| beve myRvD‡Ï․jvI wK Avgv‡K GB Avk¦vm †`b?
myRv| †mbvcwZ, mn-†mbvcwZ, Ak¦v‡ivnx, c`vwZK-Rq-
civRq Kv‡iv B”Qvaxb bq| Z‡e iYbxwZi wbqgKvby‡b
Avcwb h‡Zv cvi`k©x I wePÿY Avwg Z‡ZvUv bB| Avwg
Aek¨B Avcbvi wm×všÍ‡K wk‡ivavh© e‡j gvwb Ges
iY‡ÿ‡Î †m wb‡`©k †kl i³we›`y w`‡q n‡jI cvjb K‡i
hv‡ev|
Ave&`vjx| †kl msev` Abyhvqx IivI Avµg‡Yi †Zvo‡Rvo Ki‡Q|
Avgv‡ì ey¨n †f` Kievi Rb¨ GK weivUKvq wÎk~j

i³v³ cÖvšÍi 73
PvwjZ n‡q †Zvgv‡K Av”Qbœ K‡i †d‡j‡Q| Avgv‡KI
Av”Qbœ Ki‡Z PvB‡Q| ivZ Av‡iv Mfxi nevi Av‡MB †ei
n‡q co‡Z PvB|
Rwibv| †Kvb& gnrKg© mva‡bi R‡b¨?
bRxe| hw` †m mZ¨ GLbI †Zvgvi Kv‡Q ¯úó bv n‡q _v‡K Z‡e
Avevi ejwQ| †ivwnjvL‡Ði jyÐbKvix gvivVv‡ì ¯^n‡¯Í
KÉ‡iva K‡i nZ¨v Ki‡Z PvB| GKwU GKwU K‡i
DrcvwUZ K‡i fvi‡Zi eyK †_‡K gvivVv‡ì bvg gy‡Q
†dj‡Z PvB|
Rwibv| ï‡bwQ Avn&g` kvn& Ave&`vjxi †ivl Av‡iv cÖPÐ-Av‡iv
ewýgq| Avi GI ï‡bwQ GKevi †h †Kv‡bv iK‡g †nvK
gvivVv‡ì c`Z‡j wcô Ki‡Z cvi‡jB nq! Zvn‡jB Zuvi
wPË`vn wbf‡e| †mB Av¸b †bfv‡Z wM‡q gvivVv‡ì m‡½
m‡½ hw` †ivwnjvLÐ wK A‡hva¨, w`jøx wK AvMÖv R¡‡j cy‡o
LvK n‡q hvq hvK| Zv‡Z wZwb ev Zuvi •mbëvwnbx
we›`ygvÎ wePwjZ n‡eb bv| Av‡›`vrme Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Kveyj
wd‡i hv‡eb|
bRxe| Gme K_v †Zvgv‡K †K wkwL‡q‡Q!
Rwibv| mZ¨ wK wg_¨v Av‡M ZvB ejyb|
bRxe| Gme K_v †h e‡j‡Q †m Lye cvKv †jvK| eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jv
†h, GKwU e¨vKzj bvixü`q Zvi e¨w³MZ a¨vb-aviYvi
MwÐe× ZxeªZv wb‡q wKQzB Awek¦vm Ki‡e bv| Ab¨ Kv‡iv
mvg‡b Gme K_v ej‡Z mvnm K‡iv bv| †K e‡j‡Q?
Rwibv| Avcbvi Ave&`vjxi gymwjg wkwe‡ii mK‡ji wek¦vmfvRb
msev``vZv AvZv Luv|
bRxe| AvZv Luv? AvZv Luv GLv‡b G‡mI nvbv †`q? GLb m‡›`n
n‡”Q beve myRvD‡Ï․jv hLb cÖkœ K‡iwQ‡jb, AvZv Luv,
Zzwg Kvi ¸ßPi, †m cÖ‡kœi ¸iæZ¡ Ae‡njv K‡i fyj
K‡iwQ| ZLb Zvi GKUv gxgvsmv K‡i †bqv DwPZ

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