Enterprise Management training_red_1

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A training module for farmer on Enterprise Management. Developed by IDE-Bangladesh, Khurshid
Garden, House 21, Road 123, Gulshan 1, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
Phone: +880 02 9886515, 9886529, Fax: +88 02 9886548, Web: http://bangladesh.ideorg.org
2 | G›UvicÖBR e¨e¯’vcbv welqK cÖwkÿY gwWDj

---------- 2010
© IDE-Bangladesh, House 21, Khurshid Garden, Road 123, Gulshan 1, Dhaka 1212.
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 we‡ivwaZv ev cÖv_wgK e¨_©Zv m‡Ë¡I wb‡Ri wm×v‡šÍ AUj _vKv|
2. Kg©Pzw³i cÖwZ cÖwZkÖæwZ
 MÖvnK‡ì Rb¨ KvR m¤úbœ Ki‡Z wM‡q D™¢zzZ mgm¨vejxi `vq-`vwqZ¡
†bqv|
 kªwgK‡ì mv‡_ Kv‡R †j‡M _vKv Ges Zv‡ì gva¨‡g KvR¸‡jv Kwi‡q †bqv
hv‡Z MÖvnKMY me©`v mš‘ó _v‡Kb|
3. ¸bMZgvb I ¶gZvi Pvwn`v
 Ggbfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z n‡e †h cÖPwjZ DrKl© gvb‡K nvi gvbvq ev AZxZ
Kg©mg~n †_‡K eZ©gvb Kv‡Ri gvb DbœZi nq|
 AwaKZi fvjfv‡e, `ªæZ I Kg Li‡P KvR Kivi †Póv Pvjv‡bv|
4. SzwK MÖnY
 D‡`¨³vi wb‡Ri gZ Abyhvqx mnbxq SzwK MÖnY Kiv|
 mnbxq SzwK m¤úbœ cwiw¯’wZ‡Z hyw³hy³ AMÖvwaKvimg~n cÖ`vb
Kiv|
5. Z_¨bymÜvb Kiv
 e¨w³MZfv‡e MÖvnK, mieivnKix I cÖwZ‡hvMx m¤ú‡K© Z_¨vbymÜvb
Kiv|

 Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †hvMv‡hvM I Z_¨ Kvh©µg¸‡jv‡K Kv‡R
jvMvb|
cwiKíbv †hvM¨Zvmg~n
6. j¶¨ wba©vib
 ¯úófv‡e wbw`©ó ¯^í‡gqv`x jÿ¨ wba©vib Kiv|
 ¯úófv‡e `xN©‡gqv`x j¶¨mg~n wba©vib Kiv|
7. c×wZMZ cwiKíbv I mRvM `„wó
 j¶¨mg~‡n †cŠQv‡bvi Rb¨ hyw³hy³ c`‡¶cmg~n D™¢veb K‡i †m¸‡jv
Kv‡R jvMvb|
 g~j c`‡¶‡ci cvkvcvwk weKí c`‡¶ç‡jv g~j¨vqb Kiv|
 j¶¨mg~‡ni w`‡K AMÖMwZi Dci mRvM `„wó †i‡L cÖ‡qvRbxq weKí
c`‡¶ç‡jv Kv‡R jvMvb|
¶gZvi †hvM¨Zvmg~n
8. DØy×KiY †hvM¨Zvmg~n
• cÖKí ewnf©yZ e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvbmg~n‡K cÖfvevwš^Z I DØy× Kivi Rb¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯’v MÖnY|
• wb‡Ri D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ eëmvwqK I e¨vw³MZ †hvMm~Îmg~n eënvi Kiv|

9. AvZ¥wek¦vm
• wb‡Ri ¶gZv I hveZxq ¸bvejxi Dci `„p wek¦vm ivLv|
• †Kvb KwVb KvR ev P¨v‡jÄ †gvKvwejv Kivi Rb¨ wb‡Ri ¶gZvi Dci Av¯’v
ivLv|
10. cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡b D‡`¨v³vi f‚wgKv
 GjvKv Rwic K‡i c‡b¨i Pvwn`v wbiƒcY|
 DcKi‡bi mnRjf¨Zv wbiƒcY|
 A‡_©i †hvMvb|
 cY¨ Drcv`b cÖhyw³ msMÖn|
 Drcvw`Z `ª‡e¨i mwVK g~j¨ ev evRvi g~j¨ wbav©iY|
 wecY‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY wjd‡jU, †cvóvi, wej‡evW© I wewfbœ
wgwWqv Øviv cÖPvi Kiv|
 wecY‡bi Rb¨ gv‡K©U Rwic Kiv|
 mwVK cwiKíbv cÖYqb|
 Avq e¨q wnmve wbY©q Kiv|

†mkb 3t ÿz`ª eëmv wbe©vPb
j¶¨ t GB ‡mk‡bi gva¨‡g cÖwkÿbv_©xMY mwVK fv‡e ÿz`ª eëmv wbe©Pb Ki‡Z mÿg
n‡eb|
• gvB‡µv w¯Œwbs c×wZ eënvi K‡i mwVK ÿz`ª eëmv wbe©Pb Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb|
• bvix‡ì Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx ÿz`ª eëmv wbe©Pb Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb|
• ÿz`ª eëmvi my‡hvM, euvav I SzuwK mg~n wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t GB cÖwk¶Y †Kvm© wZbwU av‡ci mgš^‡q MwVZ Ges 60 wgwbU mgq
cÖ‡qvRb|
c×wZ t AskMÖnYg~jK Av‡jvPbv, cÖ‡kœvËi, `jxq Av‡jvPbv|
DcKiY t ‡evW© gvK©vi, †cvóvi †ccvi, AvU© jvBbvi BZ¨vw`
‡mkb cÖwµqv
avc t 1 20
wgwbU
• mnvqK wb‡R Zvi cwiPq w`‡q mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K ‡mk‡b ¯^vMZ
Rvbv‡eb Ges †mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb|
• mnvqK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì‡K 4/5 wU †QvU `‡j fvM K‡i `jxq Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g
¯’vbxqfv‡e cÖvß my‡hvM I euvav mg~n we‡ePbvq †i‡L gvB‡µv w¯Œwbs
c×wZ eënvi K‡i eëmv wbe©vPb Ki‡eb|
• mnvqK GKB c×wZ‡Z gwnjv‡ì Rb¨ Dc†hvMx ÿz`ª eëmv wbe©vPb Ki‡Z
mnvqZv Ki‡eb|
avc t 2 40
wgwbU
• `jxq Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g wbe©vwPZ ÿz`ª eëmvi my‡hvM, euvav I SzuwK mg~n †ei
Ki‡eb|
• `jxq KvRmg~n Dc¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g f‚jÎæwU ms‡kvab Kiv‡eb|

• cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g AskMªnYKvix‡`i wbKU †_‡K, Av‡jvPbv KZUzKz eyS‡Z
†c‡i‡Q Zv hvPvB K‡i †`L‡eb|
mgvwß Uvb‡eb|

n¨vÛ AvDU t ÿz`ª eëmv wbe©vPb
gvB‡µvw¯Œwbs c×wZ‡Z eëmv wbe©vPb
¯’vb Kvj cvÎ †f‡` eëmvi aib wfbœ wfbœ nq ZvB eëmv ÿz`ª eëmv wbe©vP‡bi †ÿ‡Î
eëmvqx‡K AZ¨šÍ mZK©Zvi mv‡_ wm×všÍ wb‡Z n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î gvB‡µvw¯Œwbs c×wZ
eënvi Kiv DËg| G c×wZ‡Z wewfbœ eëmv we‡ePbv K‡i †mB eëmvi †ÿ‡Î
¯’vbxqfv‡e cÖvß my‡hvM-myweav mgyn‡K c‡RwUf bšî I euvav mg~n‡K FbvZ¡K
b¤î cÖ`vb K‡i wewfbœ eëmvi Rb¨ Zzjbvg~jK †MÖwWs Kiv nq| D”P b¤î cÖvß
eëmv mg~‡ni g‡a¨ eëmv wbe©vPb Kiv nq| Gfv‡e wbe©vwPZ eëmvi †ÿ‡Î SuzwKi
cwigvb A‡bK Kg _v‡K| wbgœ wjwLZ QK eënvi K‡i eëmv wbe©vPb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
gvB‡µv w¯Œwbs c×wZ eënvi K‡i eëmvi Kvh©µg wbe©vPb
µwg
K
bs
cÖK
‡íi
bvg
c‡RwUf g~j¨vqb wb‡`©kK (+)
†b‡MwUf
g~j¨vqb
wb‡`©kK (-) ‡gv
U
†¯‹
vi
c‡Y¨
i
Pvw
n`v
KuvP
v
gv‡ji
cÖvc¨
Zv
weZi‡
Yi
mywe
av
`ÿ
kªwg
K
cÖvc¨
Zv
cÖhyw³
i
mnRjf¨
Zv
Avbyg
vwbK
jvf
cÖwZ‡hv
Mx‡ì
msL¨v
Sz
u
w
K
1
Mvfx
cvjb
5 4 4 5 4 4 4 3 27
2
grm¨
Pvl
5 4 4 5 4 4 2 2 30
3
gyw`
†`vKv
b
5 4 3 5 3 3 1 1 29
4
mew
R Pvl
5 4 4 5 5 4 2 2 32
5
cvLv
ˆZwi
5 4 3 3 3 2 1 1 25
cÖ`Ë †¯‹vi (+) t 5- AwZ DËg, 4- AZ¨šÍ m‡šÍvlRbK, 3-m‡šÍvlRbK, 2-fvj, 1-Am‡šÍvlRbK
cÖ`Ë †¯‹vi (-) t 5-Lye †ekx, 4-†ekx, 3- †gvUvgywU, 2- Kg, 1-Lye Kg

gwnjv‡ì Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx ÿz`ª eëmv wbe©vPb
bx‡Pi g¨vwUª· eënvi K‡i `jxq Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g cÖwkÿYv_©xiv gwnjv‡ì Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx
ÿz`ª eëmv wbe©vPb Ki‡eb
eëmv my‡hvM mgyn euvav mgyn wbe©vPb
(nüv/bv)
gyw`
†`vKvb
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
mewR
Drcv`b
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
nuvm-
gyiMx
cvjb
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
QvMj
cvjb
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
KzwUi
wkí
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
KuvPvgv
‡ji eëmv
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

bx‡Pi g¨vwUª· eënvi K‡i `jxq Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g cÖwkÿYv_©xiv Zv‡ì wbe©wPZ ÿz`ª
eëmvi my‡hvM, euvav I euvav mgyn wbim‡b Dcvq mbv³ Ki‡eb|
wbe©wPZ
ÿz`ª eëmv
my‡hvM mgyn euvav mgyn euvav mgyn
wbim‡b Dcvq
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

cÖ_g w`‡bi cÖwk¶‡Yi c~Yiv‡jvPbv
w¯’wZKvj t GB cÖwk¶Y †Kvm© ‡gvU 1 av‡ci mgš^‡q MwVZ Ges 30 wgwbU mgq
cÖ‡qvRb|
c×wZt AskMÖnYg~jK Av‡jvPbv, cÖ‡kœvËi I `jxq Av‡jvPbv
DcKiY t ‡evW© gvK©vi, †cvóvi †ccvi, AvU© jvBb
D‡Ïk¨:
G †mmb †k‡l AskMÖnbKvixMb-
• mviv w`‡bi cÖwk¶b †_‡K hv wk‡L‡Qb Zvi mvi ms‡¶c e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z m¶g n‡eb|
• cÖwk¶b KZUzKy djcÖm~ n‡q‡Q Zv g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
‡mkb cÖwµqv
• mnvqK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì‡K ‡mk‡b ¯^vMZ Rvbv‡eb I †mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb|
• AskMÖnbKvix‡ì ga¨ †_‡K GKRb †K wbe©vPb K‡i mviv w`‡bi cÖwk¶Y †k‡l Zviv wK
wk‡L‡Qb Zv ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i mvi ms‡¶c Kivi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡eb|
• mnvqK wbe©vwPZ G AskMÖnbKvix‡K ej‡eb †h, cÖ‡qvR‡b Ab¨vb¨ AskMÖnbKvix‡ì
mvnvh¨ wb‡q †mk‡bi mvi ms‡¶c Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
• ‡mk‡bi ch©v‡jvPbv I mvi ms‡¶c Kivi ci mnvqK cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnbKvix‡K GKwU
g~j¨vqb dg© w`‡eb| G g~j¨vqb dg©wU mnvq‡Ki †bv‡U †`qv n‡q‡Q|
• g~j¨vqb †k‡l mKj‡K G cÖwk¶‡b AskMÖn‡bi Rb¨ abëv` Rvwb‡q cÖ_g w`‡bi
cÖwk¶‡Yi mgvwß †Nvlbv Ki‡eb|
mnvq‡Ki †bvUt
cÖ_g w`‡bi cªwk¶Y †Kgb n‡q‡Q ? wUK (√) wPý w`b
welq
Lye
fvj fvj
‡gvU
vgyw
U
Lviv
c
Lye
Lvivc
D‡Øvabx Av‡jvPbv, cwiPq I D‡Øvab, cwkÿY c~e©eZx©
g~j¨vqb I cÖZ¨vkv wbiƒcb
G›UvicÖvBR, D‡Ïv³v I ÿz`ª eëmv
ÿz`ª eëmv wbe©vPb

†mkb 4t GKRb mdj eëmvqxi AwfÁZv
j¶¨ t GB ‡mk‡bi gva¨‡g cÖwkÿbv_©xMY GKRb mdj ÿz`ª eëmvqxi AwR©Z AwfÁZv
†_‡K eëmv m¤ú‡K© ev¯Íe Ávb jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
• ÿz`ª eëmvq mdj nIqvi ‰KŠkj mg~n Rvb‡Z mÿg n‡eb|
• ÿz`ª eëmvi Rb¨ AwZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq mg~n eyS‡Z I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t GB †mk‡bi 60 wgwbU mgq cÖ‡qvRb
‡mkb cÖwµqv
• GB †mk‡bi Rb¨ mnvqK cÖwkÿ‡Yi c~‡e©B GKRb ¯’vbxq mdj ÿz`ª eëmvqx‡K
wPwýZ Ki‡eb c‡i mdj ÿz`ª eëmvqxi mdjZvi Mí mswÿß fv‡e bx‡Pi QK
Abyhvqx wjwce× Ki‡eb|
• mnvqK D³ ¯’vbxq mdj ÿz`ª eëmvqx‡K wjwce× QK Abyhvqx Zvi mdjZvi
AwfÁZv cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì mv‡_ wewbg‡qi Rb¨ Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡eb|
• AZtci mnvqK GjvKvi GKRb mdj ÿz`ª eëmvqxi mv‡_ cÖwkÿbv_©x‡ì‡K cwiPq
Kwi‡q †`‡eb Ges Zvi eëmv m¤ú‡K© Rvbv‡eb|
• D³ eëmvqx AvR‡Ki Ae¯’v‡b †cŠQv‡bvi Rb¨ †h mKj my‡hvM mg~n eënvi
Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb Ges †h mKj evuav mg~n AwZµg K‡i‡Qb Zv cÖwkÿbv_©x‡ì‡K
Rvbv‡eb|
• cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g AskMªnYKvix‡ì wbKU †_‡K, Av‡jvPbv KZUzKz eyS‡Z
†c‡i‡Q Zv hvPvB K‡i †`L‡eb|

• me©‡k‡l mnvqK †mk‡bi mvims‡¶c Ki‡eb Ges mKj‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q †mk‡bi
mgvwß Uvb‡eb|

mdj ÿz`ª eëmvqx
bvgt
wcZvi bvgt
gvZvi bvgt
eqmt
cwiev‡ii m`m¨t
MÖvgt BDwbqbt Dc‡Rjvt
‡Rjvt
‡ckvt
KZw`b †_‡K ÿz`ª eëmv Ki‡Qbt
eZ©gv‡b eëmvi cwiwat
MZ eQi eëmvq †_‡K AwR©Z jv‡fi cwigvbt
eëmvq wK wK evuav wQjt
eëmvq mdjZvi ‡KŠkj ¸wj wKwK?t
AvBwWB I Ab¨vb¨ miKvix †emiKvix cÖwZôvb †_‡K wK ai‡bi mnvqZv
†c‡q‡Qbt
ÿz`ª eëmvq cÖwZKzjZv/evauv wKfv‡e †gvKv‡ejv K‡i‡Qb t
ÿz`ª eëmvq fwel¨Z cwiKíbv wK Ges wK ai‡bi mn‡hvwMZv cÖ‡qvRbt
ÿz`ª eëmvq Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvq Zvi eZ©gvb Abyf‚wZt
Avq :
• MZ eQi (2009)
o wewb‡qv‡Mi cwigvb =
o ÿz`ª eëmv †_‡K Avq =
• GB eQi (2010)

o wewb‡qv‡Mi cwigvb =
o ÿz`ª e¨emv †_‡K m¤¢ve¨ Avq =

‡mkb 5 t wbe©wPZ eëmvi c‡Yï Pvwn`v I mieivn
j¶¨ t GB ‡mk‡bi gva¨‡g cÖwkÿbv_©xMY Zv‡ì wbe©wPZ eëmvi m¤¢ebv m¤ú‡K©
ev¯Íe Ávb AR©b Ki‡eb|
• Zv‡ì wbe©wPZ eëmvi c‡Yï Pvwn`v m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
• Zv‡ì wbe©wPZ eëmvi c‡Yï †hvMvb m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
• c‡Yï Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi my‡hvM I euvav mg~n wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
• †mev cÖ`vbKvix e¨vw³ I cÖwZôvb mg~n I Zv‡ì Kvh©ejx m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z
cvi‡eb|
mgq t GB ‡mk‡bi Rb¨ 120 wgwbU mgq cÖ‡qvRb
‡mkb cÖwµqv
• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mv‡_ AskMÖnYg~jK Av‡jvPbv I AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi
gva¨‡g Zv‡ì wbe©wPZ eëmvi c‡Yï Pvwn`v I ‡hvMvb we¯ÍvwiZ fv‡e e¨vL¨v
Ki‡eb|
• mnvqK mieivnK…Z g¨vwUª· eënvi K‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Øviv `jxq Kv‡Ri
gva¨‡g Zv‡ì wbe©wPZ eëmvi c‡Yï c‡Yï Pvwn`v I mieiv‡ni AvbygvwbK
cwigvb wbY©q Kiv‡eb|
gva¨‡g Zv‡ì wbe©wPZ eëmvi Rb¨ †mev cÖ`vbKvix e¨vw³ I cÖwZôvb mg~n I
Zv‡ì Kvh©ejx m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ fv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb|

• mieivnK…Z g¨vwUª· eënvi K‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Øviv `jxq Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g Zv‡ì
wbe©wPZ eëmvi Rb¨ †mev cÖ`vbKvix e¨vw³ I cÖwZôvb mg~n I Zv‡ì
Kvh©ejx mg~n wPwýZ Ki‡eb|
gva¨‡g Zv‡ì wbe©wPZ eëmvi c‡Yï Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi my‡hvM I euvav
mg~n Av‡jv‡Pvb Ki‡eb
wbe©wPZ eëmvi c‡Yï Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi my‡hvM I euvav mg~n wPwýZ
Ki‡eb|
gva¨‡g Zv‡ì wbe©wPZ eëmvi c‡Yï evRvi I †fv³vi iæwP, c”Q›` BZ¨wì
we‡kølb Ki‡eb|
mgvwß Uvb‡eb|

n¨vÛ AvDU t wbe©wPZ eëmvi c‡Yï Pvwn`v I mievivn
Pvwn`v
‡Kvb cY¨ ev †mev µq Kivi cÖ‡qvRb, B”Qv I mg_© _vK‡j Zvnv‡K Pvwn`v e‡j| †fv³v I
†µZviv evRvi †_‡K cY¨ ev †mev µq K‡i _v‡K|
†hvMvb ev mieivn
†h cwigvY cY¨ ev †mev evRv‡i †fv³v I †µZv‡ì wbKU weµ‡qi Rb¨ Av‡m Zv‡K
†hvMvb ev mieivn e‡j| Drcv`K evRv‡i cb¨ mieivn K‡i _v‡K|
Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi wbweofv‡e m¤úK©hy³| †hvMvb Pvwn`vi Zzjbvq †ekx n‡j c‡Yï
g~j¨ K‡g hvq Ges Kg n‡j g~j¨ †e‡o hvq| ZvB †Kvb eëmvi c~‡e© c‡Yï †hvMvb
Pvwn`v m¤ú‡K© ¯úó avibv _vK‡Z n‡e| †Kvb c‡Yï Pvwn`v †_‡K †hvMvb Kg _vK‡j
†mLv‡b eëmvi my‡hvM _v‡K| fvj eëmvi Rb¨ †hvMvb I Pvwn`vi g‡a¨ fvimvg¨ _vK‡Z
nq| †hvMvb I Pvwn`vi g‡a¨ fvimvg¨ ivL‡Z Dfq w`‡Ki mwVK Z_¨ Rvbv LyeB Riæix|
†Kvb eëmv wbe©vPb A_ev cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ welqwU GKB fv‡e ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
Pvwn`vi Zyjbvq mieivn Kg n‡j †fv³v‡K AwaK g~j¨ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z nq Ges A‡bK‡K GB
cY¨ ev ‡mev †_‡K ewÂZ A_ev Kg †fvM Ki‡Z nq| cÿvšÍ‡i †hvMvb †ekx n‡j
Drcv`vbKvix mwVK Drcv`b g~j¨ cvq bv|
†hvMvb I Pvwn`vi ‡mevi gvb h_vm¤¢e DbœZ n‡Z n‡e mg
Pvw`vi we‡kølY
wbe©w
PZ
eëmvi
cY¨
LyPiv
†µZvi
msL¨v
LyPiv
†µZvi
µ‡qi
cwigvb
(†KwR)
cvBKvi
x †µZvi
msL¨v
cvBKvi
x †µZvi
µ‡qi
cwigvb
(†KwR)
Ab¨vb¨
†µZvi
msL¨v
Ab¨vb¨
†µZvi
µ‡qi
cwigvb
(†KwR)
‡gvU
Pvwn`v

mieiv‡ni we‡kølY
wbe©wPZ eëmvi cY¨ Drcv`bKvixi msL¨v Drcv`‡bi cwigvY
evRvi my‡hvM = †gvU Pvwn`v-†gvU Drcv`b
evRvi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ miKvix †emiKvix ch©v‡q †ek wKQz †mev`vbKvix cÖvZôvb
Av‡Q hviv ÿz`ª eëmvqx, Drcv`bKvix I †fv³v mK‡ji ¯^v_© msiÿ‡Yi †Póv K‡i _v‡K|
†hgb K„wl Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ K…wl m¤úªmviY Awa`ßi, ÿz`ª eëmvi Rb¨ wewfbœ GbwRI
BZ¨vw`| G‡ì KvQ †_‡K Kvh©Ki †mev cvIqvi Rb¨ cÖ_‡g Zv‡ì‡K wPb‡Z n‡e I Zv‡ì
wewfbœ Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K we¯ÍvwiZ Ávb _vKv Avek¨K| †mB j‡ÿ¨ AskMÖnbKvix‡ì
wbe©wPZ eëmvi Rb¨ bx‡Pi QKwU `jxq Kv‡Ri gva‡g c~iY K‡i †mk‡b Dc¯’vc‡bi
gva¨‡g cÖ‡qvRbxq ms‡kvabx Avb‡Z n‡e|
Drm †mev`vbKvix
e¨vw³/cÖwZôv‡b bvg
†mev`vbKvix e¨vw³/cÖwZôv‡bi
Kvh©µg
Pvwn`v

mieivn
Drm
†mev`vbKvix
e¨vw³/cÖwZôv‡bi
my‡hvM mg~n
†mev`vbKvix
euvav mg~n
†mev`vbKvix
euvav mg~n
wbim‡b Dcvq

Pvwn`v
mieivn

wØZxq w`‡bi cÖwk¶‡Yi c~Yiv‡jvPbv
cÖ‡qvRb|
c×wZt AskMÖnYg~jK Av‡jvPbv, cÖ‡kœvËi I `jxq Av‡jvPbv
D‡Ïk¨:
‡mkb cÖwµqv
• g~j¨vqb †k‡l mKj‡K G cÖwk¶‡b AskMÖn‡bi Rb¨ abëv` Rvwb‡q cÖ_g w`‡bi
mnvq‡Ki †bvUt
welq
Lye fvj
fvj
‡gvUvgy
wU
Lvivc
Lye Lvivc
GKRb mdj ÿz`ª eëmvqx
wbe©wPZ eëmvi c‡Yï Pvwn`v I
mievivn

‡mkb 6 t evwbwR¨K Drcv`b
j¶¨ t GB ‡mk‡bi gva¨‡g cÖwkÿbv_©xMY ÿz`ª eëmvqx‡ì evRv‡i AskMÖn‡bi
my‡hvM m¤ú‡K© ev¯Íe Ávb jvf Ki‡eb|
• evwbwR¨K fv‡e Drcv`b I evRviRvZKiY m¤ú‡K© Ávb AR©b Ki‡eb|
• ¯’vbxqfv‡e Drcvw`Z wewfbœ D”P g~‡jï dmj I Zvi m¤¢vebv m¤ú‡K© Ávb
AR©b Ki‡eb|
• evwbwR¨K †Kvb Lvgv‡ii ev¯Íe AwfÁZv AR©b Ki‡eb|
• †Kvb ÿz`ª eëmvi ev¯Íe AwfÁZv AR©b Ki‡eb|
‡mkb cÖwµqv
gva¨‡g Zv‡ì wbe©wPZ eëmvi Rb¨ c‡Yï †hvMvb I Pvwn`vi cv_©K¨ †_‡K
evRv‡ii my‡hvM ‡ei Kivi †KŠkj we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jv‡Pvbv K‡i welqwU mnRfv‡e
Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb|
gva¨‡g Zv‡ì wbe©wPZ eëmvi Rb¨ c‡Yï evwbwR¨K fv‡e Drcv`b I
evRviRvZKiY welqwU mnRfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb|
gva¨‡g ¯’vbxqfv‡e Drcvw`Z wewfbœ D”P g~‡jï dmj I Zvi m¤¢vebv we¯ÍvwiZ
Av‡jv‡Pvbv K‡i welqwU mnRfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb|

gva¨‡g evwbwR¨K †Kvb Lvgv‡ii ev¯Íe AwfÁZv eY©bv Ki‡eb|
gva¨‡g mdj ÿz`ª e¨emvi ev¯Íe AwfÁZv eY©bv Ki‡eb|
• AZtci mnvqK welq¸wj c~Yivq mnRfv‡e c~Yiv‡jv‡Pvbv Ki‡eb hv‡Z
cÖwkÿbv_©xiv welqwU mwVKfv‡e Abyaveb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
mgvwß Uvb‡eb|

n¨vÛ AvDU t evwbwR¨K Drcv`b
evwbwR¨K Drcv`b
eëmv Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ hLb †Kvb Lvgv‡i Drcv`b Kiv nq ZLb Zv‡K ewbwR¨K Drcv`b ejv nq|
G‡ÿ‡Î g~j jÿ¨ _v‡K eëmv ZvB †fv³vi iæwP, c”Q›`, Pvwn`v BZ¨w`
we‡ePbv Kiv Drcv`b Kiv nq| evwbwR¨Kfv‡e Drcvw`Z c‡Yï gvb AZ¨všÍ
mZK©Zvi mwnZ wbqš¿b Ki‡Z nq| h_vh_ msMÖn †KŠkj Aej¦b K‡i h_vmg‡q
msMÖn K‡i msMÖn‡Ëvi eë¯’vcbv mgvcv`b Kivi ci mwVKfv‡e evQvB I cwi®‹viKiY
Ki‡Z n‡e| c‡i c¨v‡KURvZ ev ‡gvoKxKiY K‡i cwienb K‡i weµ‡qi Rb¨ evRv‡i wb‡q
wh‡Z n‡e
evRviRvZKiY/wecYb
cY¨ Drcv`b gvwjKvbv †_‡K †fv³vi gvwjKvbvq †cŠQvv‡bv ch©šÍ †h me KvR Kiv nq
Zvi me¸wjB wecY‡bi AšÍM©Z| ‡hgb- Drcv`b, msMÖn, cÖwµqvRvZKib, msiÿY, mieivn
BZ¨vw`|
wecYb Kvh©µg n‡”Q cY¨ I †mev Drcv`bKvix n‡Z †fv³v ch©šÍ ‡cŠQv‡bvi GKwU
cÖevn wPÎ| e¨w³ ev cÖwZôv‡bi A_©‡bwZK mg„w×i Rb¨ wecbY bxwZgvjv cÖavb
f’wgKv iv‡L| mvavibZ: †fv³vi Pvwn`v †gvZv‡eK cY¨ Drcv`b I mwVK g~‡j¨ weµ‡qi Rb¨
†h me Kvh©µg N‡U †hgb- †hvMv‡hvM, weZiY, cÖ‡gvkb, c‡Yï Dbœqb, cÖhyw³
Dbœqb, wewµ bxwZgvjv ˆZwi, msiÿb, cÖwµqvRvZKiY BZ¨vw` Gi AšÍf©³|
¯’vbxqfv‡e Drcvw`Z D”Pg~‡ji dmj
ewbwR¨K Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ D”P g~‡jï dmj AwaK Dc‡hvMx ZvB AwaK gybvdv AR„‡bi
Rb¨ GB mKj Drcv`b Kiv †kªq| ‡mB Kvi‡b ¯’vbxqfv‡e †Kvb †Kvb GRvZxq dmj fvj nq
†m m¤ú‡K© Ávb _vKv LyeB Riæix| Avevi AvMvg/bvex/A‡gŠmy‡g Drcv`b K‡i †ekx
jvf Kiv hvq ZvB A‡bK evwbwR¨K Drcv`bKvixiv GB mg‡q Drcv`b K‡i _v‡K hwÌ GB
mg‡q SuywKi cwigvb †ekx _v‡K| G†ÿ‡Î SuywKmg~n m¤ú‡K© Rvbv I †gvKv‡ejv Kivi
`ÿZv AR©b Ki‡Z nq|
bx‡Pi QK eënvi K‡i cÖwkÿYv_©xiv ¯’vbxqfv‡e Drcvw`Z D”Pg~‡ji dmj mg~n `jxq
Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g mbv³ Ki‡eb|
†gxmyg AvvMvg dmj bvex dmj D”P g~‡jï dmj
iwe/kxZKvj

Lwic/el©vKvj

‡mkb 7 t MÖvgxb evRv‡i c‡Yï Pvwn`vi gvY`Û
j¶¨ t GB ‡mk‡bi gva¨‡g cÖwkÿbv_©xMY MÖvgxb evRv‡i AskMÖn‡bi kZmg~n
m¤ú‡K© ev¯Íe Ávb jvf Ki‡eb|
• MÖvgxb evRv‡i †Kvb ai‡bi KLb wK `v‡g KZUzKz ‡K †K µq K‡i _v‡Kb †m
m¤ú‡K© Ávb AR©b Ki‡eb|
• wKfv‡e cY¨ mg~n‡K evQvB I cÖwµqvRvZ Ki‡Z nq Ges G‡Z wK jvf nq †m
m¤ú‡K© Ávb AR©b Ki‡eb|
‡mkb cÖwµqv
gva¨‡g Zv‡ì wbe©wPZ eëmvi Rb¨ MÖvgxb evRv‡i †Kvb ai‡bi KLb wK `v‡g
KZUzKz ‡K †K µq K‡i _v‡Kb †m m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jv‡Pvbv K‡i welqwU
mnRfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb|
wbe©wPZ eëmvi/c‡Yï Pvwn`vi gvb`Û we‡kølY Ki‡eb|
gva¨‡g Zv‡ì wbe©wPZ eëmvi Rb¨ MÖvgxb evRv‡ii cY¨ mg~n‡K evQvB I
cÖwµqvRvZ Ki‡Z nq Ges G‡Z wK jvf nq †m m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jv‡Pvbv
K‡i welqwU mnRfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb|

• AZtci mnvqK welq¸wj c~Yivq mnRfv‡e c~Yiv‡jv‡Pvbv Ki‡eb hv‡Z
cÖwkÿbv_©xiv welqwU mwVKfv‡e Abyaveb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
mgvwß Uvb‡eb|

n¨vÛ AvDU t MÖvgxb evRv‡i c‡Yï Pvwn`vi gvY`Û
wbe©wPZ eëmvi c‡Yï Pvwn`vi gvY`Û
wbe©vwPZ eëmv/c‡Yï mwVK g~j¨ cvIqvi wKQz kZ© _v‡K †h¸wj h_vh_fv‡e c~ib
Ki‡Z nq| G‡ÿ‡Î wewfbœ c‡Yï gvb`Û wewfbœ nq| †fv³v I †µZvi wbKU †_‡K GmKj
kZ©¸wj †R‡b wb‡q †m Abyhvqx dmj Drcv`b Ki‡Z nq| bx‡Pi Q‡Ki mvnv‡R¨ ÿz`ª
eëmvqx A_ev Drcv`bKixiv c‡Yï gvb`Û mg~n wbb©q Ki‡eb|
wbe©wPZ eëmvi c‡Yï Pvwn`vi gvY`Û wbY©‡qi QK
c‡Yï
eY©bv
AvKvi
AvK…wZ
IRb
is
Ab¨vb¨
‰ewkó
m‡e©v”
P
Pvwn`vi
mgq
(gvm)
¯’vb
(evRvi)

dmj/eëmvi cY¨ msMÖ‡ni Dc‡hvMx mgq
cª‡Z¨K dmj ev eëmvi c‡Yï msMÖ‡ni GKwU Dchy³ mgq _v‡K| h_vmg‡q msMÖn
Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j KvswLZ gybvdv AR©b Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| ZvB †h †Kvb ÿz`ª eëmv A_ev
dm‡ji msMªn Dc‡hvMx mgq †R‡b †m †gvZv‡eK dmj ev eëmvi c‡Y¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z
n‡e|
msMÖn †KŠkj
GKB fv‡e cª‡Z¨K dmj ev eëmvi c‡Yï msMÖ‡ni wKQz †KŠkj _v‡K hv c‡Yï mwVK
g~j¨ †c‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| ZvB dm‡ji msMÖn †KŠkj †R‡b †m †gvZv‡eK dmj ev eëmvi
c‡Y¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e|
dmj msMÖn‡Ëvi eë¯’vcbv
mwVK msMÖn‡Ëvi eë¯’vcbv c‡Yï msiÿb ¸Y e„w× K‡i I mwVK g~j¨ †c‡Z mnvqZv
K‡i| wewfbœ c‡Yï †ÿ‡Î GwU wfbœ nq| ZvB dmj msMÖn‡Ëvi eë¯’vcbv †R‡b †m
†gvZv‡eK dmj ev eëmvi c‡Y¨ eë¯’vcbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
evQvB I cwi®‹viKiY
Drcvw`Z c‡b¨ h_vmg‡q evQvB I cwi¯‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e hv c‡Yï mwVK g~j¨ †c‡Z mnvqZv
K‡i|
‡kªYxKiY
wewfbœ ‰ewk‡óï wfwË‡Z cY¨‡K †kªYxKiY Ki‡j fvj g~j¨ cvIqv hvq Ges †µZv I †fv³vi
wbKU wek¯ÍZv AR©b Kiv hvq| ZvB cÖ‡Z¨K eëmvqx ev Drcv`‡Ki c‡Yï ‡kªYxKiY
m¤^‡Ü Ávb jvf K‡i †m Abyhvqx eë¯’v MÖnb Ki‡Z n‡e|
c¨v‡KURvZ ev ‡gvoKxKiY
mwVKfv‡e c¨‡KURvZ Ki‡j c‡Yï fvj g~j¨ cvIqv hvq ZvB cvi‡j G wel‡q eë¯’v MÖnY
Ki‡Z n‡e|
cwienb
cb¨ cwien‡bi mgq h_vm¤ê mZ©KZv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e|

‡mkb 8 t G›UvicÖvBR ev‡RU cÖ¯‘ZKiY
jÿ¨ t GB cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvixMY ÿz`ª eëmvi Kg© cwiKíbv I
G›UvicÖvBR ev‡RU ˆZwi Kivi `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡eb|
wba©vwiZ cÖwk¶Yv_x© t AvviBwW cÖK‡íi DcKvi‡fvMx
D‡Ïk¨ t G †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY
• G›UvicÖvBR ev‡RU I Gi Dcv`vb m¤ú‡K© Ávb AR©b Ki‡eb|
• G›UvicÖvBR ev‡RU cÖ¯‘ZKiY m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Rvb‡ZI ˆZwi Ki‡Z mÿg
n‡eb|
mgq t 90 wgwbU
c×wZ t AskMÖnYg~jK Av‡jvPbv, cÖ‡kœvËi, `jxq Av‡jvPbv I eënvwiK
DcKiY t KvMR/†cvóvi †ccviI Kjg/wmM‡bPvi Kjg BZ¨vw`|
avc t 1 G›UvicÖvBR ev‡RU Ges Gi Dcv`vb 30 wgwbU
avc t 2 G›UvicÖvBR ev‡RU cÖ¯‘ZKiY 60 wgwbU
‡mkb cÖwµqv
avc t 1 G›UvicÖvBR ev‡RU Ges Gi Dcv`vb 30 wgwbU
• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mwnZ AskMÖnYg~jK Av‡jvPbv I AwfÁZv wewbgq
K‡i welqwU mnRfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb|
• mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì G›UvicÖvBR ev‡R‡Ui cÖ`k©Y Dc‡hvMx wewfbœ
Dcv`vb †hgb exR, mvi, UvKv BZ¨w` cÖ`k©‡bi gva¨‡g mnRfv‡e Dc¯’vcb
Ki‡eb|
• AskMªnYKvix‡ì wbKU †_‡K cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g, Av‡jvPbv †K KZUzKz
avc t 2 G›UvicÖvBR ev‡RU cÖ¯‘ZKiY 60 wgwbU
• mnvqK AskMÖnbKvix‡ì g‡a¨ wd¬cPv‡U©/‡cv÷vi †ccv‡i G›UvicÖvBR
ev‡R‡Ui di‡gU ˆZix K‡i weZiY Ki‡eb|

• AZtci mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡`i‡K 4/5wU `‡j wef³ Ki‡eb Ges Ges cÖwZwU `‡ji
Rb¨ G›UvicÖvBR ev‡RUi welq †hgb- mewR Pvl, Av`v-njy` Pvl, nuvm-gyiMx
cvjb BZ¨vw` Kvh©µg w`‡q `jxq Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g ‡cv÷vi †ccv‡i G›UvicÖvBR
ev‡RU cÖ¯‘Z Kiv‡eb Ges Zv Dc¯’vcb Kiv‡eb|
• AskMªnYKvix‡`i wbKU †_‡K cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g, Av‡jvPbv KZUzKz eyS‡Z
†c‡i‡Q Zv hvPvB K‡i †`L‡eb |

n¨vÛ AvDU t G›UvicÖvBR ev‡RU cÖ¯‘ZKiY
G›UvicÖvBR ev‡RU Ges Gi Dcv`vb
G›UvicÖvBR ev‡RU wK?
G›UvicÖvBR ev‡RUt ev‡RU n‡”Q †Kvb KvR Kivi c~‡e© †Kvb Lv‡Z wK cwigvb
A_© LiP n‡e Zvi GKwU A_©‰bwZK cwiKíbv AvMvg ˆZix Kiv| Avi ‡Kvb G›UvicÖBR
cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ Avq e¨q wnmve msµvšÍ †h ev‡RU ˆZwi Kiv nq Z‡e Zv‡K G›UvicÖvBR
ev‡RU e‡j| ÿz`ª K…l‡Ki K…wl Lvgvi Zvi G›UvicÖvBR| cÖ‡Z¨K G›UvicÖvBR
cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wb`„ó wKQz LvZ Ges wKQz &DcLvZ Av‡Q, G‡`i‡K G›UvicÖvBR
ev‡R‡Ui Dcv`vb ejv †h‡Z cv‡i|
K…wl Lvgv‡ii G›UvicÖvBR ev‡RU Gi G›UvicÖvBR ev‡R‡Ui Dcv`vbt
• DcKiY eve` LiP
o exR
o mvi
o KxUbvkK
o euvk
o BZ¨vw`
• wecYb LiP
• cÖkvmwbK LiP
• kªwgK eve` LiP
o Pvl
o †mP
o gvjwPs
o †eov
o gvuPv
o mvi I KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM
o wbovbx
o QvUvBKiY
o dmj msMÖn
o evQvB
o †MÖwWs

o c¨vwKs
• cwienY LiP
• g~ja‡bi my`
• Lvgv‡ii wjR g~j¨
• evRv‡ii LvRbv
• Drcvw`Z cY¨ n‡Z Avq
• cÖK…Z Avq

G›UvicÖvBR ev‡RU cÖ¯‘ZKiY
wb‡gœ GKwU K…wl Lvgv‡ii G›UvicÖBR ev‡RU ˆZixi bgybv †Ìqv nj| GB bgybv
eënvi K‡i cÖwkÿbv_©xiv Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì G›UvicÖvB‡Ri ev‡RU cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡eb|
e¨vq /Li‡Pi wnmve
e¨v‡qi
LvZ
e¨v‡qi Dc LvZ
cwigv
b
GKK
g~j¨
‡gvU
LiP
gšÍe
¨
DcKiY e¨vq
exR
‡mP
‡Mvei
BDwiqv
wU Gm wc
Gg wc
wRcmvg
‡eviY
`¯Ív
KxUbvkK
†gvU DcKiY e¨vq
kªwgK e¨vq
gv`v ‰Zwi‡Z kªwgK
AvšÍtcwiPh©vi Rb¨ kªwgK
gvPv ˆZwi (evuk,`wo, Zvi, KvV
BZ¨vw`)
gvPv ˆZwii Rb¨ kªwgK
dmj msMÖ‡n LiP
†gvU kªwgK e¨vq
cwienY
e¨vq
DcKiY cwienb
dmj cwienb
Ab¨vb¨
†gvU cwienY e¨vq
wecYb
e¨vq
cÖPvi
Ab¨vb¨ e¨vq
†gvU wecYb e¨vq
eë¯’vcbv / Rwg wjR

e¨v‡qi
LvZ
e¨v‡qi Dc LvZ
cwigv
b
GKK
g~j¨
‡gvU
LiP
gšÍe
¨
cÖkvmwbK
LiP
Z_¨ msMÖ‡n ågb e¨q
Ac¨vqb eve` LiP
‡gvevBj wej
cÖwkÿY
evRv‡ii LvRbv
g~ja‡bi my`
†gvU e¨e¯’vcbv /cÖkvmwbK e¨vq
wewea
e¨vq
wewea 1
wewea 2
wewea 3
wewea 4
me©‡gvU wewea e¨vq
me©‡gvU e¨vq
Av‡qi wnmve
Avq msMÖn ZvwiL cwigvb GKK g~j¨ ‡gvU
Avq
gšÍe¨
g~j dmj 1g
msMÖn
2q
msMÖn
3q
msMÖn
4_©
msMÖn
5g
msMÖn
6ô
msMÖn
7g
msMÖn

8g
msMÖn
9g
msMÖn
10g
msMÖn
11Zg
msMÖn
12 Zg
mv_x
ev
Ab¨vb¨
dmj
1g
msMÖn
2q
msMÖn
3q
msMÖn
4_©
msMÖn
5g
msMÖn
6ô
msMÖn
7g
msMÖn
8g
msMÖn
9g
msMÖn
me©‡gvU Avq
jvf/ÿwZ = me©‡gvU Avq - me©‡gvU e¨vq

GLv‡b GKwU duvKv QK †Ìqv nj, cÖwkÿbv_©xiv Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì wbe©wPZ ÿz`ª
eëmvi Rb¨ GwU eënvi Ki‡eb
e¨vq /Li‡Pi wnmve
e¨v‡qi
LvZ
e¨v‡qi Dc LvZ
cwigv
b
GKK
g~j¨
‡gvU
LiP
gšÍe
¨
DcKiY e¨vq
†gvU DcKiY e¨vq
kªwgK e¨vq
†gvU kªwgK e¨vq
cwienY
e¨vq
†gvU cwienY e¨vq
wecYb
e¨vq
†gvU wecYb e¨vq
eë¯’vcbv /
cÖkvmwbK
LiP

e¨v‡qi
LvZ
e¨v‡qi Dc LvZ
cwigv
b
GKK
g~j¨
‡gvU
LiP
gšÍe
¨
†gvU e¨e¯’vcbv /cÖkvmwbK e¨vq
wewea
e¨vq
wewea 1
wewea 2
wewea 3
wewea 4
me©‡gvU wewea e¨vq
me©‡gvU e¨vq

Av‡qi wnmve
Avq msMÖn ZvwiL cwigvb GKK g~j¨ ‡gvU
Avq
gšÍe¨
g~j Avq
DcRvZ
ev
Abvb¨
Avq
me©‡gvU Avq
jvf/ÿwZ = me©‡gvU Avq - me©‡gvU e¨vq

Z„Zxq w`‡bi cÖwk¶‡Yi c~Yiv‡jvPbv
cÖ‡qvRb|
c×wZt, AskMÖnYg~jK Av‡jvPbv, cÖ‡kœvËi I `jxq Av‡jvPbv
D‡Ïk¨:
‡mkb cÖwµqv
• g~j¨vqb †k‡l mKj‡K G cÖwk¶‡b AskMÖn‡bi Rb¨ ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q wØZxq w`‡bi
mnvq‡Ki †bvUt
welq
Lye fvj
fvj
‡gvUvgy
wU
Lvivc
Lye Lvivc
evwbwR¨K Drcv`b I
evRviRvZKiY
MÖvgxb evRv‡i c‡Y¨i Pvwn`vi
gvY`Û

welq t mgvcYx
†Kvm© cybiv‡jvPbv
cÖwk¶Y cieZx© g~j¨vqb
D‡Ïk¨ t G †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY -
cÖwk¶Y †_‡K wK wkL‡Z cvij Zv hvPvB Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 30 wgwbU|
avc 1 t †Kvm© cybiv‡jvPbv 15 wgwbU
avc 2 t cÖwk¶Y cieZx© hvPvB 15 wgwbU
c×wZ t cÖ‡kœvËi, Av‡jvPbv I cÖkœcÎ c~ib
DcKiY t AvU© jvBbvi, †evW©|
‡mkb cÖwµqv
avc t 1 †Kvm© cybiv‡jvPbv 15
wgwbU
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