Greek philosophers : THEOPHRASTUS, ARISTOTLE, HERODOTUS, ERATOSTHENES, HECATAEUS

1. CONTRIBUTION OF
GREEK PHILOSOPHERS
IN GEOGRAPHY

2. GREEK WITERS
THEOPHRASTUS
ARISTOTLE
HERODUTS
ERATOSTHENES
HECATACUS

3. ARISTOTLE
FATHER OF WESTERN PHILOSOPHY

4. ARISTOTLE
 GREEK PHILOSPHER
 INTELLEACTUAL FIGURE
 PROVIDE FRAMEWORK FOR BOTH
CHRISTIAN
SCHOLASTISCISM AND
MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC
PHILOSOPHER
 FATHER OF WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
 EXTENSIVE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
 1st person to study biology
systematically

5. WRITINGS
Those that were
published by him but
now entirely lost
Those that were not
intended for publications
but were collected and
preserved by others
Falls into two groups

6. CONTRIBUTION IN GEOGRAPHY
 INTERESTED IN FORM, SIZE AND GEOMETRY OF EARTH
 GREEK PHILOSOPHERSD ALSO STUDIED ABOUT OCEANS
 ARISTOTLE AND HERODOTUS OBSERVED THE PHENOMENON OF TIDES IN RED SEA.
 ARISTOTLE EVEN MENTION ABOUT TIDES IN HIS BOOK
“METEOROLOGY”

7. ARISTOTLE
HYPOTHEIZED

8. ERATOSTHENES
FATHER OF GEOGRAPHY

9. ERATOSTHENES
 ANCIENT GREEK SCIENTIST
 GREEK ASTRONOMER, GEOGRAPHY, MATHEMATICIAN.
 FATHER OF GEOGRAPHY.
 ALL ROUNDED CHARACTER
 MAN OF LEARNING
 INVENTOR OF DISCIPLINE OF GEOGRAPHY
 GET GREAT ACHIEVEMENT IN ASTRONOMY

10.  ERATOSTHENES
CALLED HIMSELF
“PHILOGOS”
“Lover of learning”

11. Invented the discipline of geography
GRAPHY
{FIELD OF STUDY}
GEO
{EARTH}

12. 25,000 MILES

13.  Eratosthenes had someone measure the distance
between Alexandria and Syene. He used that distance,
what he knew about the Sun's angles, and a bit of
geometry to figure out the size of the Earth.

14. Produced 1st map of the world
featuring meridian lines and parallel
lines
similar to our modern lines
Latitude and longitudes
Marked the equator and its size
considered the size of polar zones
How far these zones were
from tropics

15. HECATACUS

16. HECATACUS
GREEK HISTORIAN AND GEPGRAPHER
PIONEER IN
GEOGRAPHIC AND
ETHNOGRAPHIC
FIELD
IDEAS WERE NOT BASED ON TRADITION
BUT ON RATIONAL THOUGHTS AND
EMPIRICISM
SKEPTICAL APPROACH TO TRADITION

17.  BEST KNOWN WORK IN HIS “WORLD MAP” WHICH WAS BASED ON A MAP
THAT HAS BEEN DESIGNED BY ANAAXIMANDER
 IMPROVE THE MAP OF ANAXIMANDER WHICH HE SAW AS A DISC
ENCIRCLED BY OCEANS
WRITINGS

18.  The map can be seen as synopsis of
Hecateus
“ Description of Earth”
 HECATACEUS map is divided into three
thirds which were divided by
Mediterranean, Red and black seas
 Europe
 Asia
 Africa
 At the same time, the map shows a division
into four quadrants.

19. HERODOTUS
FATHER OF HISTORY

20.  GREEK WRITER
 FATHER OF HISTORY
 He traveled widely in EJYPT, Africa and Asia Minor
and wrote down his experiences and observations,
providing later generations with detailed accounts
of important historical events.
 Made important observations about geography.

21. He is the first to have noted the
process by which large rivers, such as
the Nile, build up deltas
The River Nile flooded every year between June and
September, in a season the Egyptians called akhet - the
inundation. Melting snow and heavy summer rain in the
Ethiopian Mountains sent a torrent of water causing the
banks of the River Nile in Egypt to overflow on the flat
desert land.
The first one who was observing that
winds tend to blow from colder
regions to warmer ones.
The wind move from high pressure to low pressure

22.  Herodotus
describing the
land surrounded
by a sea.
 Gave the
description of
then existing
tribes and their
styles.
 The merdian
was drawn into
the world map.

23. Divided the land mass of the
earth into three continent
1. Asia
2. Europe
3. Libya {Africa}
Divided the Libya into three
latitude zones
1. Mediterranean coast from
Atlas to delta of Nile.
2. Area of wild beast
3. True Sahara desert

24. THEOPHRASTUS
FATHER OF BOTANY

25.  Greek Peripatetic philosopher
 Pupil of Aristotle.{He studied at Athens under
Aristotle,
 and when Aristotle was forced to retire}
 support, improve, expand, and develop the
Aristotelian system
 Father of Botany
 Wrote two large books, On the History of
Plants and On the Causes of Plants.

26. WORKS
ON PLANTS
 VALUABLE OSERVATIONS ON PLANTS THAT COCERNS WITH FUNCTIONS
 DETECTED THE PROCESS OF GERMINATION.
 REALIZED THE IMPORTANCE OF CLIMATE AND SOIL TO PLANTS.
ON
SENSATION
 TREATISE ON SENSE PERCEPTION
ON PHYSICS
 WORKS BELONGS TO EXTANT SECTIONS TO FIRE
 ON THE WIND, ON THE SIGNS OF WATER, STORMS AND WINDS.

27. ON STONES
 SEEMS TO DESCRIBE DIFFERENT MARBLES
SUCH AS COAL IS USED FOR HEATING BY METAL
WORKERS.
 DESCRIBE VARIOUS METAL ORES
SUCH AS PUMICE STONE HAS A VOLCANIC
ORIGIN.
PHILOSOPHY
 FOLLOWED THE ARISTOTLE DOCTRINE
 DEVELOPED HIS PHILOSOPHY AND CONVINCED INTO
DIFFERENT FORM.

28. THANKS FOR WATCHING!