Geography Branches Themes Importance Continents of the world-trivias

1. UNIT I

2. WELCOME TO
GEOGRAPHY!MS. JUNDELLE BAGIOEN / jmbagioen@gmail.com

3. GEOGRAPHY IS THE MOST
SUBJECT ON THE PLANET
VITAL VISUAL VARIED

4. GEOGRAPHY
IS ALL ABOUT
EVERYTHING!

5. BASIC
GEOGRAPHY
MS. JUNDELLE BAGIOEN
0906-547-9094
jmbagioen@gmail.com

6. Geography as a branch of knowledge
Nature of Geography
History of Geography
Branches of Geography
Importance of studying Geography

7. "The science concerned
with the formulation
of the laws governing
the spatial
distribution of certain
features on the surface
of the earth." - Fred
Schaefer, 1953
"Study of human ecology;
adjustment of man to
natural surroundings." -
Harland Barrows, 1923
"How environment
apparently controls
human behavior." -
Ellen Semple, c. 1911
"Geography is both science and art" - H.C. Darby, 1962
"Geography is the study of the
patterns and processes of human
(built) and environmental
(natural) landscapes, where
landscapes comprise real
(objective) and perceived
(subjective) space." - Gregg
Wassmansdorf, 1995

8. GEOGRAPHY
GREEK WORDS
geo graphe
“EARTH” “TO DRAW”
WRITING ABOUT THE EARTH

9. • Geographers are scientists
who study the relationship
between people and their
environments.

10. BRANCHES AND TYPES OF
GEORAPHY

11. HUM
PHYSICALGEOGRAPHY

12. • Physical geography—study of the
physical features and changes on the
earth's surface
• Humangeography—study of humans
and their ideas, and the impact of
human ideas and actions on the
earth.
BRANCHES AND TYPES OF GEORAPHY

13. THE ELEMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY
PHYSICAL OR
NATURAL ELEMENTS
CULTURAL OR
HUMAN ELEMENTS
A. Weather and Climate
B. Landforms
1. Continents and Islands
2. Highlands
3. Lowlands
C. Waterforms
1. Oceans and Seas
2. Waters of the Lands
D. Plants and Animals
E. Natural Resources
A. Man
1. Population
2. Cultural Groups
3. Cultural Institutions
B. Works of Man
1. Settlements
2. Economic or Ways
of Life
3. Routes of
Transportation
4. Communication

14. IMPORTANCE OF GEOGRAPHY

15. GEOGRAPHY
IS ALL ABOUT
EVERYTHING!

16. • help us know more about each
other and our cultures,
• help us understand our
environment and problems
associated with it,
• help us better understand the
ways in which each of us interacts
with, and is dependent on others
and the environment,

17. • and help us solve environmental,
political, economic, and social
problems.

18. information
and facts
about the
world
attitudes
towards
environments
balanced
appreciation
of world
problemschallenge
of
problem
solving
fundamental
knowledge for
planning,
research...
preparation
for
allied fields
(geology, mapping,
urban planning...)

19. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

20. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
HERODOTUS 485-425 B.C.
TOPOGRAPHICAL
DESCRIPTIONS
ERATOSTHENES 3RD CENTURY B.C. EARTH IS ROUND
HIPPARCHUS 4TH CENTURY B.C. IMAGINARY LINES
THALES OF MILETUS 6TH CENTURY B.C.
GEOMETRIC PRINCIPLES
TO MEASURE THE LAND
ANAXIMANDER CYLINDER SHAPED EARTH
ARISTOTLE 384-322 B.C. EARTH WAS SPHERE
STRABO 64 B.C. - 20 A.D. GEOGRAPHICS
PTOLEMY A.D. 100-170 GUIDE TO GEOGRAPHY

21. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
BERNHARD VARENIUS GEOGRAPHICA GENERALIS
IMMANUEL KANT
ALEXANDER VON
HUMBOLDT
WHERE AND WHY APPROACH
FRIEDRICH RATZEL
ELLEN CHURCHILL
SEMPLE
HUMAN GEOGRAPHY (FOUNDER)
ELLSWORTH HUNTINGTON
CLIMATE AS A DETERMINANT OF
CIVILIZATION
PAUL VIDAL DE LA BLACHE REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY APPROACH
CARL SAVER

22. FIVE THEMES
OF
GEOGRAPHY

23. PLACE
REGION
E NVIRONMENT
L OCATION
MOVEMENT
1
2
3
4
5

24. •includes physical and
humancharacteristics of
a place
PLACE1

25. • areas withdistinctive
characteristics: human
characteristics, such as
demographics or politics, and
physical characteristics, such as
climate and vegetation.
REGION2

26. • how people interact with the
environment, and how the
environment responds, with three key
concepts:
• D-A-M
ENVIRONMENT3

27. • Absolutelocation
• Relativelocation
LOCATION4

28. • the travel of people, goods,
and ideas from one location
to another, or political
events
MOVEMENT5

29. UNIT II

30. TOOLS OF GEOGRAPHY!
MS. JUNDELLE BAGIOEN / 0906-547-9094/ jmbagioen@gmail.com

31. Types of Maps and Their Interpretation
The Globe and Its Features
Tables, Graphs and Charts

32. • a drawing or other representation,
usually o n a flat surface , of all or
part of the earth's surface,
ordinarily sho wing co untrie s,
bodies of water, cities, mountains,
etc.
MAPS

33. shows distance,
direction, size and
shape in horizontal
spatial
relationship
illustrates different
kinds of
iinformation
(population distribution
land use, etc.)
best way of
communicating
information
about the earth
indespensable tools
for geographers
MAP

34. Map
Projections
Mercator
Equal-Area
Interrupted

35. • a.k.a.
CYLINDRICAL
PROJECTION
• best used for
navigating at
sea
Mercator

36. Equal-Area
• shows true area
which represents
the same
amount of the
earth's surface
• shows area in
their proper
proportion

37. • like a peeled
orange
• with ve ry little
disto rtio n in
size/shape
• m o re accurate
than the first two
Interrupted

38. OLITICAL
PECIAL-PURPOSE
OPOGRAPHIC
ARTOGRAM
HYSICALP
P
S
T
C
Kinds of Map

39. •emphasize
s the
natural
features of
the Earth
HYSICALP

40. • shows man-
made
features
–boundaries
–capitals
–etc
OLITICALP

42. • shows
information
of a specific
kind
PECIAL-PURPOSES

46. •shows the
roughnes
s of the
Earth
OPOGRAPHICT

48. • exreme variation
of the special-
purpose map
designed to send
a strong pecific
message to the
map reader
ARTOGRAMC

50. • MAP SCALES
• MAP LEGENDS
• GRID
– Meridians of Longitudes
– Parallels of Latitudes
– Remote Sensing
– Landsat Images
HOWTOREADMAPS

51. Landsat

53. MAPELEMENTS

61. • A globe is a three-dimensional
scale model of Earth.
• The word "globe" comes from
the Latin word g lo bus,
meaning round mass or
sphere.
GLOBE

62. • BEST REPRESENTATION
OF THE EARTH
• FEATURES
– Lines of Latitude
– Lines of Longitude
– The Arctic and the
Antarctic Circles
– The International Date Line
– Time Zones
– Hemispheres
– Continents and Oceans
GLOBE

63. Tables, Graphs and Charts

64. TABLES
visual displays of numerical or non-numerical
data arranged in vertical columns so that the
data may be emphasized, compared, or
contrasted.

65. GRAPHS
A kind of picture that makes the facts from
the table easier to understand.
BAR GRAPH and LINE GRAPH

66. CHARTS PICTOGRAPH - chart that uses picture symbols
to stand for fixed amounts of selected things.
PIE CHART

67. Nature of Geography
and Continents in the World
Continents and Landscapes in the World

68. Continents
From Latin "continere" for "to hold together",
terra continens, the "continuous land".

70. Africa
A Roman term Africa terra
"African land", the land of
Africus, the northern part
of Africa, a part of the
Roman Empire. The Roman
name has possibly its roots
in the Phoenician term
Afryqah, meaning "colony",
as transliterated into
Roman Latin.

71. America
The name America was first used in
1507 by the Cartographer Martin
Waldseemüller in its treatise
"Cosmographiae Introductio" to
name the New World, after Amerigo
Vespucci, an Italian navigator who
made two (or four) trips to America
with Spanish and Portuguese
expeditions, it was Vespucci who
first recognized that America was a
new continent.

72. Asia
Latin and Greek
origin - the
"Easte rn Land", it
is speculated to be
from the word asu
"to go out, to rise,"
in reference to the
sun, thus "the land
o f the sunrise . "

73. Europe
Latin and Greek origin.
Europa, Europe, often
explained as "broad face,"
from eurys "wide" and ops
"face." Some suggests a
possible semantic origin by
the Sumerian term erebu
with the meaning of
"darkness" and "to go down,
set" (in reference to the
sun) which would parallel
Orient.

74. Australia
Latin - Terra Australis
incognita the "Unknown
Southern Land", an
imaginary, hypothetical
continent, a large
landmass in the south of
the Indian Ocean, the
supposed counterpart of
the Northern Hemisphere

75. Antarctic
Old French:
antartique, in
Modern Latin:
antarcticus, in
Greek: antarktikos,
from anti: "opposite"
+ arktikos: "of the
north".

76. Renick, D. & Dahlman, C. (2014). Introduction to Geogaphy: People, Places &
Environment 6th
edition. Pearson Educaton Inc.
Blij H. , Muller, P. & WinklerPrins A. (2010). Geography of the World 4th
edition(International Student Version. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Clifford, N., Holloway, S. et al. (2008). Key Concepts in Geography 2nd
edition.
SAGE Publications Inc.
https://www.google.com.ph/maps