Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller is very important part of the solar generation system. This paper presents the basic need and the various methods and techniques of maximum power tracking (MPPT) control. Every technique of MPPT control is evaluated based on its ability to detect multiple maxima, efficiency of the output solar power, cost and way of implementation, rate of convergence etc. the Perturbation and Observation technique and Incremental conductance Technique are widely used in MPPT control due to their advantages.

1. IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 3, Issue 10, 2015 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613
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A Survey on the Performance of the Various MPPT Techniques of
Standalone PV Generation System
Vaibhav Shukla1
Gazala Rashid2
R. K. Sherma3
Harpreet Singh Bedi4
1,2
P.G. Student 3
HOD 4
Assistant Professor
3
Department of Electrical
1,2,3,4
Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
Abstract— Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)
controller is very important part of the solar generation
system. This paper presents the basic need and the various
methods and techniques of maximum power tracking
(MPPT) control. Every technique of MPPT control is
evaluated based on its ability to detect multiple maxima,
efficiency of the output solar power, cost and way of
implementation, rate of convergence etc. the Perturbation
and Observation technique and Incremental conductance
Technique are widely used in MPPT control due to their
advantages.
Key words: Photovoltaic (PV) system, Maximum Power
Point Tracking (MPPT), DC to DC step up converter
I. INTRODUCTION
The electrical power demand is increasing day by day but
the conventional energy resources are limited, so for
generation of electrical energy the use of the non-
conventional energy resources increase. There is a another
factor that is environmental issue, The use of fossil fuel
negatively affect the our environment in form of air
pollution, noise pollution, global warming etc. The Solar
and Wind energy are the prime energy resources and having
the ample amount of energy without affecting the
environment condition. The plentiful availability of solar
energy is made possible to harvest and utilized it properly.
The solar irradiation reaching to the earth in a year, which
can provide more than ten thousand times over the need of
energy required by whole world in a year. Electricity
generation by solar system have long term potential. Due to
the technology development day by day the size of energy
conservation mechanism is greatly reduces.
II. STANDALONE SOLAR SYSTEM
The standalone Solar system is very beneficial and cost
effective in compare to on grid system for Remote areas.
The main components of the standalone solar system are
following-
1) PV Cell Array (Solar Panel)
2) DC to DC Step-Up Boost Converter
3) PWM Inverter
4) Controller
5) Storage System (Battery Bank)
III. MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING (MPPT)
The Maximum Power Tracking (MPPT) is basically an
algorithm which is used for extracting the maximum
available power from the solar system and increases the
capacity of the PV array. For extracting the maximum
power of the PV array is accomplished by the series
connection of DC to DC step up converter between PV array
and the energy storage system or load. In order to obtain a
good dynamic performance of the MPPT control system,
various algorithms are used and these algorithms changes
the converter duty cycle in order to achieve the maximum
power point. There are two different methods for achieving
the MPPT; the first method is direct method which is mainly
based on the MPP searching by sensing the input and output
of the dc to dc converter and by adjusting the duty cycle of
that converter, while second method is searching techniques
in conjunction with the closed loop strategy.
Fig. 1: Voltage (V)
IV. MPPT CONTROL TECHNIQUES
A. Voltage Control Technique-
The o/p voltage is regulated to a constant value in all
conditions and one in which o/p voltage is regulated based
on a constant ratio to measured open circuit voltage. Means
the operating point of the PV array is reached near the
maximum power point by changing the array voltage and
compare to the predefined reference voltage , this reference
voltage value chosen in such way that it give the optimal
performance and MPP as well as this is also the ratio of
open circuit voltage.
B. Current Control Technique-
The current control method uses the sweep waveform for the
PV array current „I‟ in a such a way the „I-V‟ characteristics
is obtained and updated at fixed time interval in which the
MPPT voltage is calculated.
C. Perturbation and Observation Technique-
The PV array voltage is adjusted by the controller with a
small amount from the array and measured the power.Hill
Climbing control Technique- If P & O technique gives the
oscillation in the power output so i t is call Hill climb
technique because it depends on the rate of rice of curve of
power verses voltage under the PPM.

2. A Survey on the Performance of the Various MPPT Techniques of Standalone PV Generation System
(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/131)
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D. Incremental Conductance Technique –
In this technique the controller measures the incremental
change in PV array voltage and current to determine the
effect of voltage change. dI/dV =incremental conductance of
the PV array and dP/dV is the change of power with respect
to change in voltage. These two factors are use in this MPPT
technique.
Fig. 2: Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique.
V. LITERATURE SURVEY
1) In this paper author describe that for continuously bring
in maximum power from the solar cell panels, they have
to operate at their maximum power point (MPP) rather
than the normally changes in the atmosphere. This
paper author investigates the concept of MPPT
(Maximum Power Point Tracking) algorithm due to this
the efficiency of the standalone PV system increases
significantly. The control voltage source and the current
source inverters are used to interface the modeled panel
with the rest of the system and the dc to dc boost
converter are built using the Sim Power system library
in the MATLAB. This paper shows that MPPT
techniques help to increase the generated output at same
irradiation conditions.
2) This paper represents the design, implementation and
analysis of a parallel connected MPPT (maximum
power point tracking) system of a standalone PV
system. During the PV generation the negative
influence of the power converter losses is reduced due
to parallel operation of MPPT system so the efficiency
increases. The power converter works multi functions
as charging the battery, as a battery regulator, as a step
up (boost) converter in the MPPT circuit. The
standalone PV system is proposed with less numbers of
energy processing stages which are allowing to
implementation of the high efficiency PV generation
system.
3) This paper represents the design of the standalone PV
system with battery backup. For increases the efficiency
of the PV system the coordinated MPPT control of
parallel system is used. The multi variable as well as
multi loop controller is designed to control the current
of each parallel system. This paper also compares the
series and parallel MPPT system control. The capacity
and the cost of the proposed system can be optimized
while the energy generating and energy of battery
provided unintended Power. Author also shows the
advantage of the parallel operation of the PV system
due to negative influence of the losses of power
converter so the efficiency of the PV generating system
increases.
4) This paper represents a MPPT control system which is
able to track the very fast irradiation change.so the
internal stability of the whole closed loop system is
capable for the various load conditions. This paper
evaluated the performance of the close loop under
different irradiation and set point changed parametric
uncertainty and dc bus load variations. The proposed
MPPT control technique is based on the model of the
step up DC to DC boost converter and an IOL
technique, this IOL technique establish a linear
mapping of duty cycle verses the PVM voltage. Author
also describes the strategy to generate the voltage
reference for the control algorithm.
5) This paper represent the MPPT control technique based
on the neuro-Fuzzy technique for the PV system of the
standalone hybrid generation system. The PV-wind
system output having lesser cost in compare to
individual solar or wind generation system with same
capability it means the energy cost of the hybrid PV-
wind generation system is always lesser than the
standalone PV or wind system separately for all type of
load demand. In the PV generation system for achieving
the maximum generated output power the P&O (Perturb
and Observed) MPPT technique is used in this paper.
The MPPT is be possible to vary the PV operating
voltage and search the maximum power at the PV cell.
For getting the better results instead of the neural
network, hybrid neuro-fuzzy network techniques can be
used.
6) This paper represents the Quasi-Z-Source inverter for
the interface between the DC source of PV system and
the load. The author used the MPPT (Maximum power
point Tracking) system based on the artificial
intelligence. The artificial intelligence is based on the
Neuro fuzzy interface system (ANFIS) which offers
extremely fast response as well as very high accuracy.
Author tested the proposed technique for isolated load
conditions because for the standalone PV system o/p
voltage of Quasi-Z- source inverter is regulated and the
o/p power is determined by the corresponding load
demand. Paper shows that the ANFIS based MPPT
control is more stable and faster than the traditional
Perturb and observe (P&O) based MPPT control
method. The duty ratio is controlled using this ANFIS
to achieve the maximum PV output, at the load side the
frequency and the magnitude of the voltage is regulated
by the controlling the modulation index of the interface
of Quasi-Z-source inverter.
7) This paper represents the Particle Swam Optimization
(PSO) technique for achieving the Maximum power
point of the standalone PV generation system. In the
PSO technique find the maximum power point by
finding the maximum voltage point. The results of his
paper shows that the tracking efficiency of the online
PSO based MPPT control system is more than the 97%

3. A Survey on the Performance of the Various MPPT Techniques of Standalone PV Generation System
(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/131)
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 621
with the convergence time of 14 milliseconds. So that it
is observed that the PSO based MPPT control technique
having very high tracking efficiency with large
capability and very fast response of the system
relatively. These results also shows that the PSO based
MPPT control not having any requirement of any
derivatives calculation it means this technique is robust
and noise resistive.
8) This paper represents the standalone PV generation
system with the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Interface
System (ANFIS). In this proposed configuration the PV
system data acquisition card and an adaptive Neuro
Fuzzy Interface System (ANFIS). This model can
predict the various signals recorded from the data
acquisition system for the next day the these predicted
signals also be used to study of the performance of
standalone PV system. The results show the ANFIS
control scheme is having very fast response because the
all signals are already predicted so that the accuracy is
also very high for the stand alone PV generation
System.
9) this paper represent the design and the implementation
of the robust fuzzy control based PV system with
Taguchi tuned scaling factor. The fuzzy control
provides a systematic approach of linguistic control
strategy based on the automatic control algorithm. The
Taguchi Tuning method is basically based on
orthogonal matrix experiments to efficiently determine
optimal quality characteristics for desired objectives.
The results of this paper shows that the PV system
operates in either in Grid connected or standalone, the
proposed control scheme is robust to variation of PV
voltages and load condition comparatively other control
schemes.
10) This paper represents a fuzzy logic controller for the
standalone PV system to improve the reliability.
Nonlinear control techniques are used for the nonlinear
load in standalone system. These control techniques are
implemented which are based on the load polarity
assessment and a fuzzy controller, this fuzzy controller
having the two fuzzy variables and five fuzzy sets.
Author introduces a new parameter WLLP (Weighted
loss of load probability) in this paper. WLLP is the sum
of LLP of individual loads. Authors also show that
WLLP control technique in fuzzy controller introduces
the significant improvement in performance of
standalone PV system which is identified in its results.
But the results are partially useful when the system is
heavily loaded and falls in the low energy state.
VI. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we are studying the proper meaning and the
function of the MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking).
By surveying the many research papers related to MPPT
control of standalone PV generation system we are
discussing about the various methods and techniques of the
MPPT control. MPPT control is a very important port of the
PV generation system for getting the more efficient and
economical power output. We are also discussing about the
various algorithms which are using in MPPT control.
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