ARM based System for Monitoring Grain Condition

International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163
Issue 03, Volume 4 (March 2017) www.ijirae.com
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IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value – SJIF: Innospace, Morocco (2016): 3.916 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 |
ISRAJIF (2016): 3.715
© 2014- 17, IJIRAE- All Rights Reserved Page -66
ARM based System for Monitoring Grain Condition
Dr. (Mrs.) A.P.RATHKANTHIWAR
Associate Professor, Department of Electronics & Tele-Communication Engineering,
Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharashtra
Krishna Nand Gupta Samar Jyoti Doloi Jahid Raja Khan Maya Devi Yadav Shraddha Pande
Department of Electronics & Tele-Communication Engineering
Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharashtra
Abstract—Agriculture is the backbone of any nation’s economy and there is a dependency between agricultural growth and
economic prosperity. As India is an Agriculture country where 70% of the population depends on farming, the storage of
grains plays a crucial role in national economy. Due to the seasonality of grain production, the storage of grain is the top
priority task for restoring and reusing. In the process of grain storage, temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide
concentration (CO2) are major ecological factors that can influence directly on the quality of the Grain. Hence, there is a
necessity to monitor the vital parameters continuously during storage and communicate the status to the manger in real
time which becomes a challenging. The traditional methods are limited to simple manual temperature and humidity testing
which are relatively backward since grain situation analysis are made without any effective means of processing and
regulation hence there is a need for smart grain management system with automation which can also avoid hidden security
risks. The Real-time monitoring of the grain storage system is designed based on ARM7 and using GSM module as lower
level Control unit which improves the level of grains storage and reduce the grain losses during storage procedure and also
reduce man power and labor intensity.
Keywords— ARM7; Temperature sensor; Humidity sensor; CO2 sensor; GSM module;
I. INTRODUCTION
Grain is our country's important strategic resources. The seasonal production of the grain makes it very difficult to maintain the
grain quality level for a long time. Due to different environment conditions and the variation in the environment parameters in
grain storage depot the quality level decreases also there is a loss of grain also. So the cost of labor increases. So the storage of
grain in the proper environment should be our top priority event. Because it effects people's livelihood. The automatic
monitoring of the grain storage will help us to improve the operation levels of grain storage, reduce the grain losses during
stored procedure and reduce labor intensity. The sensors collect the information from environment, the collected signals
through the analog to digital conversions. These conversions are sent to micro controller unit. This micro controller unit is
connected to LCD to display the values of temperature, humidity, light and CO2 values and using GSM to achieve the system's
remote control, it greatly improves the flexibility and scalability of the warehouse management which sends available data to
grain depot manager in time and filters invalid data on the spot.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
The block diagram of the design is as shown in Fig.1. It consists of Power Supply Unit, ARM 7 (LPC 2148), Temperature and
Humidity sensor, CO2 sensor, GSM, and LCD. The sensors collect the information from environment; the data collected from
the sensors are transferred through a common data in the LPC2148 microcontroller. It has a in-built ADC converter which
converts the analog signal to digital signal. We have used three sensors out of which light and gas sensors are analog whereas
humidity and temperature sensor is digital.

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Fig.1.Block diagram of the overall system plan
These conversions are sent to micro controller unit. This micro controller unit is connected to LCD to display the values of
temperature, humidity, light and co2 values and using GSM to achieve the system's remote control, it greatly improves the
flexibility and scalability of the warehouse management which sends available data to grain depot manager in time and filters
invalid data on the spot.
II. SYSTEM HARDWARE DESIGN
A) LPC2148 ARM PROCESSOR:
The ARM7TDMI-S is a general purpose 16/32-bit microprocessor, which offers high performance and very low power
consumption. The ARM architecture is based on Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) principles, and the instruction set
and related decode mechanism are much simpler than those of micro programmed Complex Instruction Set Computers (CISC).
This simplicity results in a high instruction throughput and impressive real-time interrupt response from a small and cost-
effective processor core. Pipeline techniques are employed so that all parts of the processing and memory systems can operate
continuously. Typically, while one instruction is being executed, its successor is being decoded, and a third instruction is being
fetched from memory. The ARM7TDMI-S processor also employs a unique architectural strategy known as Thumb, which
makes it ideally suited to high-volume applications with memory restrictions, or applications where code density is an issue.
The key idea behind Thumb is that of a super-reduced instruction set. Essentially, the ARM7TDMI-S processor has two
instruction sets:
• The standard 32-bit ARM set.
• A 16-bit Thumb set.
The Thumb set’s 16-bit instruction length allows it to approach twice the density of standard ARM code while retaining most
of the ARM’s performance advantage over a traditional 16-bit processor using 16-bit registers. This is possible because Thumb
code operates on the same 32-bit register set as ARM code.
KEY FEATURES:
 8 kB to 40 kB of on-chip static RAM and 32 kB to 512 kB of on-chip flash memory.128-bit wide interface/accelerator
enables high-speed 60 MHz operation.
 USB 2.0 Full-speed compliant device controller with 2 kB of endpoint RAM.
 In addition, the LPC2148 provides 8 kB of on-chip RAM accessible to USB by DMA.
 One or two 10-bit ADCs provide a total of 6/14analog inputs, with conversion times as low as 2.44 μs per channel.
 Two 32-bit timers/external event counters (with four capture and four compare channels each), PWM unit (six
outputs) and watchdog.
 Low power Real-Time Clock (RTC) with independent power and 32 kHz clock input.
B) GSM MODULE:
The GSM Modem SIM900 is simple to interface serial interface. It features with voice, SMS, and Data services. GPRS data
related operations can be controlled with the help of AT Commands from the PC and also from controllers. This module
contains the highly popular SIM900 module inside it which holds sim card meant for all its data, voice related operations.

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This module come with familiar widely used standard RS232 interface, so these modules can be easily interfaced to PC and
Controllers
C) SENSORS:
A) HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE SENSOR:
The DHT11 Temperature & Humidity Sensor features a temperature & humidity sensor complex with a calibrated digital
signal output. It ensures high reliability and excellent long-term stability. This sensor includes a resistive-type humidity
measurement component and an NTC temperature measurement component, and connects to a high-performance 8-bit
microcontroller, offering excellent quality, fast response, anti-interference ability and cost-effectiveness.
Fig.2.DHT11 Sensor
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS:
ITEM MEASUREMENT
RANGE
HUMIDITY
ACCURACY
TEMPERATURE
ACCURACY
RESOLUTION PACKAGE
DHT11 20-90%RH 0-50 ℃ ±5％RH ±2℃ 1 4 Pin Single Row
B) LIGHT SENSOR:
Light sensor is nothing but a light dependent resistor (LDR) in which the resistance will vary with respect to the light intensity
that falls on it. LDR is a variable resistor and its output will be read in terms of lux. The light dependent resistor is used to
detect the light intensity. This sensor will give a variable output voltage with respect to the light intensity variations in a
granary.
Fig.3.LDR
Fig.4.Resistance as a function of illumination

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C) GAS SENSOR:
MQ-6 sensor is used to sense the concentration of CO2 in a granary. It is also used as gas sensor to detect the smoke if occurs
in granary. It high sensitivity to LPG, iso-butane, propane, small sensitivity to alcohol, smoke. Fast response also stable
and long life. The CO2 concentration detection range is 200 to 10,000ppm. The concentration of CO2 can be expressed in
terms of PPM or in percentage.
Fig.5. MQ-6 Gas Sensor
III. FIRMWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM DESIGN
FIRMWARE IMPLEMENTATION:
Firmware implementation deals in programming the microcontroller so that it can control the operation of the IC’s used in the
implementation. In the present work, we have used the Proteus design software for PCB circuit design, the Keil μv4 software
development tool to write and compile the source code, which has been written in the C language. The Flash magic
programmer has been used to write this compile code into the microcontroller.
SOFTWARE TOOLS USED
 Proteus.
 Keil μVision4.
 Flash Magic.
1) PROTEUS:
Proteus Professional is a software combination of ISIS schematic capture program and ARES PCB layout program. Firstly we
have drawn the rough schematic of the circuit on the paper and then on the software. Using ARES PCB layout program we got
the below layout.
Fig.6.PCB of Sensor Board

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2) KEIL COMPILER
Keil compiler is software used where the machine language code is written and compiled. After compilation, the machine
source code is converted into hex code which is to be dumped into the microcontroller for further processing. Keil compiler
also supports C language code. The compilation of the C program converts it into machine language file(.hex). This is the only
language the microcontroller will understand, because it contains the original program code converted into a hexadecimal
format. During this step there are some warnings about eventual errors in the program. If there are no errors and warnings then
run the program, the system performs all the required tasks and behaves as expected the software developed. If not, the whole
procedure will have to be repeated again. Below figures show the compilation of the program.
Fig.7. Compilation of Source Code
3) FLASH MAGIC
Flash Magic is a PC tool for programming flash based microcontrollers from NXP using a serial or Ethernet protocol while in
the target hardware. The figures below show how the COM Port and Baud Rate are selected for the microcontroller, how are
the registers erased before the device is programmed.
Fig.8. Dumping of the code into Microcontroller

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Fig.9.Dump process verifying
IV. RESULT:
The realization of “ARM Based System for Monitoring Grain Condition” is done successfully. The communication between
controller and GSM module is accurately done and alert message is received when there is increase in gas, temperature and
decrease in light. The sensors are working properly and their readings keep on updating itself as we increase or decrease the
parameters. Hence, the overall system is working as expected. The overall hardware design and samples of display on LCD are
given below.
Fig.10. Grain monitoring System design Hardware
Fig.11. Proposed system display when power supply given initially.

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Fig.12. Displaying sensors information on LCD.
Fig.13. Alert message when occurred.
V. CONCLUSION
This project aims for monitoring Grain condition in large depots and implementation is done through ARM7 system and GSM
module and sensor technology which provides good performance. The system is designed clear structure and good scalability.
In this GSM network is used to transferring data, it can guarantee the data collected transmitted to user, real-time at
environmental timely and make right decisions. The system not only save the energy consumption but also reduce the labor
intensity and material resources. It enhances the system flexibility, small size, low cost and good effective to use.
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ARM based System for Monitoring Grain Condition

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ARM based System for Monitoring Grain Condition