Gli apparati preposti all’accelerazione del traffico geografico sono spesso sottovalutati a fronte di linee ad alta capacità. Nella presentazione vedremo che la realtà è ben diversa: gli ottimizzatori di banda hanno una loro utilità ancora oggi e sono in grado di risolvere problemi che altrimenti sarebbero di difficile soluzione. Dopo un’analisi dei punti di forza di questa tecnologia, verrà analizzato un case study reale, evidenziando gli immediati vantaggi che questi apparati possono dare.

1. Why WAN accelerators (still) matter?
Andrea Dainese | Data Center Engineer

2. Presentation
Andrea Dainese
Who is
Andrea
Dainese
Data Center Engineer @ Cerved Group SpA
Red Hat RHCE
VMware VCP-DCV
NetApp NCIE-SAN
Cisco CCIE
Cisco Architecture Design Specialist
VMware vExpert
Cisco Champion Data Center
iou-web and Unified Networking Lab author

3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
Presentation
Introduction Key elements
1. Introduction
2. The TCP protocol
3. Inter-DC Traffic Characteristics
4. Key elements of WAN optimization
5. Optimized WANs - a real case
6. Designing a WAAS solution
7. Tips & Tricks
8. Conclusions
Agenda
The TCP protocol Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
of WAN optimization
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
Introduction Presentation
Introduction
1. Introduction
2. The TCP protocol
3. Inter-DC Traffic Characteristics
4. Key elements of WAN optimization
5. Optimized WANs - a real case
6. Designing a WAAS solution
7. Tips & Tricks
8. Conclusions
The TCP protocol Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Introduction
Bandwidth
Upgrade
WAN
Optimization
VS
Andrea Dainese
Introduction
The TCP protocol Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Audience
Andrea Dainese
Shared
Lines
Dark
Fibers
VS
Introduction
The TCP protocol Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
Presentation
1. Introduction
2. The TCP protocol
3. Inter-DC Traffic Characteristics
4. Key elements of WAN optimization
5. Optimized WANs - a real case
6. Designing a WAAS solution
7. Tips & Tricks
8. Conclusions
The TCP Protocol
Introduction Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions
The TCP
protocol

8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
ICMP [0,003 GB, 0,02 %]
Andrea Dainese
The TCP Protocol
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
udp User Datagram Protocol
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
TRAFFIC
(Inbound and Outbound)
Total [15,968 GB]
ICMP [0,003 GB, 0,02 %]
tcp [15,429 GB, 96,63 %]
UDp [0,536 GB, 3,36 %]
UDp [0,536 GB, 3,36 %]
tcp [15,429 GB, 96,63 %]
Introduction Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions
The TCP
protocol

9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
50 ms
100 ms
150 ms
SYN
SYN, ACK
ACK
TCP • Handshake
Introduction Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions
TCP •
Handshake

10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
Request
TCP • Windowing
50 ms 50 ms
100 ms
100 ms
150 ms
Segment 1
ACK
Introduction Inter-DC Traffic
Segment 2 ACK
200 ms 150 ms
Request
Segment 1
Segment 2
Segment 3
Segment 4
Characteristics
10 Packets/s 117 Kb/s 425 Packets/s 4980 Kb/s
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions
TCP •
Windowing

11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
TCP • Selective Acknowledge
Introduction Inter-DC Traffic
Request
Request
Segment 3
Segment 3
Segment 2
Segment 2
Segment 1
Segment 1
Segment 4
Segment 4
ACK 1
ACK 1
Characteristics
ACK 1, SACK 3
Segment 2
Segment 2
Segment 3
Segment 4 ACK 4
ACK 2
ACK 3
ACK 4
ACK 1, SACK 3, 4
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions
TCP •
Selective
Acknowledge

12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
TCP • Slow start
130
120
100
80
60
20
Packet Loss
1 2 3 4 5 6
Congestion Avoidance
Congestion Control
Exponential Growth
Multiplicative Decrease
Round Trips
Congestion window size
(segments) 7 8 9 10 11 12
40
Introduction Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions
TCP •
Slow start

13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
Presentation
1. Introduction
2. The TCP protocol
3. Inter-DC Traffic Characteristics
4. Key elements of WAN optimization
5. Optimized WANs - a real case
6. Designing a WAAS solution
7. Tips & Tricks
8. Conclusions
Inter-DC Traffic Characteristics
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Introduction The TCP protocol
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
other traffic [37 %]
Andrea Dainese
Inter-DC Traffic
Replication: 27%
SQL: 33%
Other Traffic (CIFS, e-mail, FTP, …): 37%
other traffic [37 %]
web [2 %]
sql [33 %]
replication [27 %]
web [2 %]
sql [33 %]
replication [27 %]
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Introduction The TCP protocol
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
Inter-DC Traffic
NetApp SnapMirror
Uncompressed
Unencrypted
Oracle SQL
Uncompressed
Unencrypted
FTP
Inter-DC
Traffic
CHARACT
ERISTICS
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Introduction The TCP protocol
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
Inter-DC Traffic
NetApp SnapMirror
Uncompressed
Unencrypted
Oracle SQL
Uncompressed
Unencrypted
FTP
Inter-DC
Traffic
CHARACT
ERISTICS
Introduction The TCP protocol
Unoptimized!
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

17. 1. Introduction
2. The TCP protocol
3. Inter-DC Traffic Characteristics
4. Key elements of WAN optimization
5. Optimized WANs - a real case
6. Designing a WAAS solution
7. Tips & Tricks
8. Conclusions
Key elements of WAN optimization
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
Introduction The TCP protocol
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
WAN optimization: key elements
Data deduplication
Introduction The TCP protocol
Daat dedulpiaction
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
WAN optimization: key elements
Data compression
Introduction The TCP protocol
Daat cmopression
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
WAN optimization: key elements
Data deduplication
and compression
Data deduplication
Data
compression
deduplication
Introduction The TCP protocol
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Daat cmopression
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
Inter-DC Traffic
TCP optimization
Large initial windows
Window scaling
Advanced congestion avoidance
Selective Acknowledgement
Large buffer
tcp
optimization
Introduction The TCP protocol
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
Inter-DC Traffic
Applications
Object caching
Local response handling
Prepositioning
Read-ahead
Write-behind
tcp
Applications
Introduction The TCP protocol
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

23. 1. Introduction
2. The TCP protocol
3. Inter-DC Traffic Characteristics
4. Key elements of WAN optimization
5. Optimized WANs - a real case
6. Designing a WAAS solution
7. Tips & Tricks
8. Conclusions
Optimized WANs • a real case
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
Introduction The TCP protocol
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

24. 200 M
180 M
160 M
140 M
120 M
100 M
80 M
60 M
40 M
20 M
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0
14 16 18 20 22 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0 2 4 6 8
Traffic in bps
Andrea Dainese
Optimized WANs • a real case
Introduction The TCP protocol
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions
Before and after

25. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
Optimized WANs • a real case
Before and after
Introduction The TCP protocol
Before After Reduction
Total 46.0 TB 13.9 TB 70 %
Replication 11.8 TB 2.9 TB 75 %
SQL 14.2 TB 4 TB 71 %
FTP (Other) 17 TB 5 TB 70 %
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

26. Optimized WANs • a real case
80
75
70
65
50
40
30
20
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
0 0
15:00 18:00 21:00 0:00 3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00
60
55
45
35
25
15
5 20
Reduction (%)
Traffic (GB)
Time (h:mm)
Andrea Dainese
Reduction (All Traffic)
Original (All Traffic)
Optimized (All Traffic)
Introduction The TCP protocol
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

27. 8/18 8/21
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
Effective Capacity (X)
Time (M/d)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
Optimized WANs • a real case
Introduction The TCP protocol
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions
8/24 8/27 8/30 9/2 9/5 9/8 9/11 9/14

28. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Optimized
Andrea Dainese
Optimized WANs • a real case
TFO, DRE, LZ
Original Optimized Reduction
Transfer 725 MB 25 MB 96 %
DRE 725 MB 92 MB 87 %
LZ 92 MB 25 MB 73 %
DRE
lz
DRE
OPTIMIZED
LZ
Introduction The TCP protocol
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

29. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
Optimized WANs • A real case
TFO, DRE, LZ
Introduction The TCP protocol
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Designing
a WAAS solution
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

30. 1. Introduction
2. The TCP protocol
3. Inter-DC Traffic Characteristics
4. Key elements of WAN optimization
5. Optimized WANs - a real case
6. Designing a WAAS solution
7. Tips & Tricks
8. Conclusions
Designing a WAAS solution
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
Introduction The TCP protocol
Designing
a WAAS solution
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

31. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
Components of a WAAS solution
WAVE Appliance: http://goo.gl/cQEGJp
up to 150000 TCP connection, 96GB RAM, 4.2TB
up to 6 virtual blades for installation
WAAS for ISR: http://goo.gl/51Eyq8
vWAAS: http://goo.gl/8cXWfE
up to 50000? TCP connection, 8vCPU, 48GB RAM
WAAS Mobile: http://goo.gl/ZhW9cn
WAAS Express: http://goo.gl/UjpfTv
up to 400 TCP connection, 10Mbps, 4GB RAM
fully integrated into IOS, ISR G2 series
CM/vCM
Components
of a waas
solutions
Introduction The TCP protocol
Designing
a WAAS solution
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

32. Designing a WAAS solution
Layer 2
Layer 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Cisco WAE WAN
WAN
Andrea Dainese
Inline
Introduction The TCP protocol
Designing
a WAAS solution
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

33. Designing a WAAS solution
Layer 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
HSRP Active
HSRP Stanby
Preferred Path
Cisco WAE
WAN
Andrea Dainese
Inline (with HA reachability)
Introduction The TCP protocol
Designing
a WAAS solution
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

34. Designing a WAAS solution
Layer 2
Cisco WAE Cisco WAE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
WAN
Inline (with HA)
Introduction The TCP protocol
Designing
a WAAS solution
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

35. 4 3
Cisco WAE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
1 2 WAN
Designing a WAAS solution
WCCP
Layer 3
Introduction The TCP protocol
Designing
a WAAS solution
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

36. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
WAN
Cisco WAE Farm Andrea Dainese
Designing a WAAS solution
WCCP (with HA)
Layer 3
Introduction The TCP protocol
Designing
a WAAS solution
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

37. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Cisco WAE Cisco WAE
Andrea Dainese
Site C
Site B
Designing a WAAS solution
Autodiscovery
Site A WAN
Introduction The TCP protocol
Designing
a WAAS solution
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

38. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
Designing a WAAS solution
Inline VS WCCP
Introduction The TCP protocol
Inline WCCP
Connected routers 1 Many
Resources Transparent CPU Intensive
Failover Mechanical bypass mode Keepalive
HA Serial Parallel
Scaling Scale-Up Scale-Out
Designing
a WAAS solution
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Tips & Tricks Conclusions

39. 1. Introduction
2. The TCP protocol
3. Inter-DC Traffic Characteristics
4. Key elements of WAN optimization
5. Optimized WANs - a real case
6. Designing a WAAS solution
7. Tips & Tricks
8. Conclusions
Tips & Tricks
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
Introduction The TCP protocol
Tips & Tricks
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Designing
a WAAS solution
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Conclusions

40. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
Tips & Tricks
Do not optimize latency sensitive protocols
(i.e. VoIP).
Leave traffic uncompressed and unencrypted for better optimization
Install root certificates for HTTPS optimization.
Add WAAS to AD for Encrypted MAPI optimization.
Use CIFS optimization for faster folder browsing on branch offices.
Consider disabling “Metadata Cache” and “local HTTP 301 Redirect”
(i.e. Joomla).
TIPS
Tips & Tricks
& TRICKS
Introduction The TCP protocol
Tips & Tricks
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Designing
a WAAS solution
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Conclusions

41. 1. Introduction
2. The TCP protocol
3. Inter-DC Traffic Characteristics
4. Key elements of WAN optimization
5. Optimized WANs - a real case
6. Designing a WAAS solution
7. Tips & Tricks
8. Conclusions
Conclusions
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
Introduction The TCP protocol
Conclusions
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Designing
a WAAS solution
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Tips & Tricks

42. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Andrea Dainese
Does WAN
accelerators
(still) matter?
yes
Conclusions
Introduction The TCP protocol
Conclusions
Optimized WANs
• a real case
Designing
a WAAS solution
Inter-DC Traffic
Characteristics
Key elements
of WAN optimization
Tips & Tricks

43. thanks
andrea.dainese@gmail.com
http://www.routereflector.com/
http://www.linkedin.com/in/adainese
@adainese
Andrea Dainese