very useful for presentation this presentation is made by Dr.Huzaifa younis Medical Imaging doctor.

3. SUBMITTEDTO,
SUBMITTEDBY,

4. LYMPHATICSYSTEM
•Lymphatic system is the
network of vessels through
which lymph drains from
the tissue to blood.

5. LYMPHATICSYSTEM…
•Lymphatic System=> Cells, tissues, and organs
that play a central role in the body’s defenses
against pathogens, toxins, waste , and unwanted
material.
•Lymphatic system consists of vessels (lymphatic)
filled with lymph connected to lymphatic organs.

7. FUNCTIONS
The lymphatic system has multiple interrelated functions ,
It is responsible for the removal of interstitial fluid from
tissues.
It absorbs and transports fatty acids and fats as chyle
from the digestive system .
It transports white blood cells to and from the lymph
node into bones.

8. COMPONENTSOFLYMPHATICSYSTEM
1) Lymph.
2) Lymph node.
3) Lymphatic vessels.
4) Lymphoid tissue.
5) Lymphatic organs.

9. 1) LYMPH:-
• It is a clear , watery light yellowish fluid that
flows through the lymphatic system.
•
• Its composition is similar to plasma and
interstitial fluid with low protein content.
• It contains all types of leucocytes.

10. LPYMPHNODES:-
• Lymph node are the small glands that filter lymph,
• The clear fluid that circulates through the
lymphatic system.
• They become swollen in response to infection and
tumors.

11. CONT…
•Lymph nodes are oval or kidney shaped organs,
small in size 1-2 cm.
•
•It has an outer capsule of fibrous tissues.
• 500 to 700 bean-shaped lymph nodes scattered
throughout the body .

12. • The dark
lumps on the
membrane
are lymph
nodes.

13. STRUCTUREOF LYMPHNODE
• 1. Capsule.
• It is made up of connective tissue.
• 2. Hilum.
• Entrance for blood vessels and nerves.
• Efferent vessels leave from the hilum.
• 3.Cortex.
• Outer layer.

14. CONT…
• 4. Medulla.
• Inner layer.
• 5. Sinuses.
• Complex channels through which lymph circulates.

16. FUNCTIONOF LYMPHNODE
They are the major sites of B and T lymphocytes and
other white blood cells.
It acting as filters for foreign particles and cancer cells.
Filtration and purification of lymph.

17. CONT…
Site for lymphocyte proliferation.
Site for antibody production.
They do not have a detoxification function.

19. WHERELYMPHNODEAREPRESENT
• Lymph nodes are present
throughout the body and
are arranged in deep and
superficial groups.

20. MAJORLYMPHNODES
1) cervical
2) axillary
3) inguinal
4) mesenteric

21. 1) CERVICAL LYMPH NODE
• located in neck area.
• filter lymph from head and
neck.
• Approximately 300 lymph
nodes are located in the
cervical region.

22. 2.AXILLARYLYMPHNODES:-
• Located in armpits.
• Filter lymph from hand,
arm.
• Approximately 100 lymph
nodes are present in
axillary region.

23. 3) INGUINALLYMPHNODES:-
•Located in groin
area.
•Filter lymph
from lower
extremities and
external genital
organs.

24. 4.MESENTERICLYMPHNODES:-
•Located in abdominal
peritoneum.
•Aid in infection control
after abdominal surgery.
•Filter lymph from
abdominal cavity.

26. 3)LYMPHATICVESSELS:-
lymphatic ducts
lymphatic trunks
lymphatic collecting vessels
lymphatic capillary

27. CONT…
blind ended vessels.
permeable to proteins even cells.
Themainfunction
• collect excess large particles and tissue fluid

28. 4)LYMPHTISSUE:-
Located throughout the
body in addition to being
in the lymph nodes.
 Tonsils, spleen, and
thymus are examples of
lymphatic tissue.

29. 5) LYMPHOIDORGANS:-
The immune system is made up
of organs that control the
production and maturation of
certain defense cells , the
lymphocytes.
1. Spleen.
2. Thymus.
3. Bone marrow.
4. Tonsils.

30. 1. SPLEEN
• Spleen is the largest lymphoid organ.
• It is purplish in color.
• located in upper left abdominal quadrant between
9th-11th rib.
• between fundus of stomach and diaphragm.

31. SIZEOF SPLEEN
Its size varies in different
individuals usually about
12cm long,
 7cm wide,
 2.5 cm thick.
Its weighs about 200g.

32. STRUCTURE OF SPLEEN
capsule
covering of dense connective tissue.
hilum
 depression on medial surface .
nerves and arteries enter spleen, veins and lymphatic
vessel exit.

33. CONT…
• trabeculae
• extensions of capsule, form
partitions within the spleen .
• pulp
• tissue inside
• divided into red and white
pulp

34. FUNCTION OF SPLEEN:-
Produces leukocytes and antibodies.
 Destroys old erythrocytes or red blood cells.
Stores erythrocytes to release into blood stream if
excessive bleeding occurs.
 Destroys thrombocytes or platelets.
 Filters some metabolites and wastes from tissues.

35. 2.THYMUSGLAND:-
• It is two-lobed organ.
• located in upper part of chest along trachea.
• Inferior to thyroid gland, posterior to sternum .
• Its weight is about 10g to 15g at birth.
• And at puberty is b/w 30g and 40g.

36. STRUCTUREOFTHYMUS:-
• The thymus consists of two
lobes joined by areolar
tissues.
• The lobes are enclosed by
fibrous capsule, dividing
them into lobules.

37. FUNCTION OFTHYMUS:-
• Maturation of immature lymphocytes in 2-3 days by
thymosin hormone.
• Proliferation of lymphocytes.

38. 3.BONEMARROW:-
• Bone marrow is a semi – solid tissue which may be found
within the spongy or cancellous portion of bone.
• It composed of hematopoietic cells, marrow adipose
tissue and supportive stromal cells.

39. FUNCTION OFBONEMARROW:-
• The major function of
bone marrow is to
generate blood cells.
• That is responsible for the
production of blood cells.

40. 4.TONSILS:-
• Multiple groups of large
lymphatic nodules.
• Location => mucous
membrane of the oral and
pharyngeal cavities.

41. TYPESOF TONSILS:-
1.Pharyngeal Tonsils:
Situated posterior to the nasal cavity, in the roof of the
nasopharynx.
2.Lingual Tonsils:
Located at the dorsal surface of the base of the tongue.

42. • Palatine Tonsils:
• There is one located on
each side of the oral
pharynx, in the back of
throat.
• Note:
• All tonsils provide a
defense against bacteria
entering the mouth.

43. PYER’SPATCHES
(Also known as aggregated lymph nodes.)
 Clusters of lymphoid tissue without a fibrous
capsule.
 Common in tonsils, small intestine, and
appendix.
Secrete antibodies in response to antigens in gut
tube, particularly ingested viruses and bacteria.