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Different types of batteries used in hybrids and examples
1. DIFFERENT TYPES OF BATTERIES
USED IN HYBRIDS AND
EXAMPLES OF THE SYSTEMS.
HUNTER HOLBROOK
PROFESSOR ENGLISH
AUTO 480-211 ALTERNATE FUEL AND VEHICLE SYSTEMS
FERRIS STATE UNIVERSITY
4/24/2020
2. WHAT WILL BE COVERED IN THIS
PRESENTATION
• Lithium ion battery technology
• Lead acid battery technology
• Nickel metal hydride battery technology
• Toyota Prius systems
• Chevy Volt systems
• Chevy Silverado/GMC Sierra systems
3. LITHIUM ION BATTERY TECHNOLOGY
Advantages
High Energy Density
• Can have large amounts of current for high power
applications. This battery can hold up to 3.6 volts
per cell which is 3x higher than NiCad or NiMH
technology.
Low Maintenance
• No scheduled cycling
Low self discharge rate
• In one month these cells usually lose around
1.5%-2.0% of their state of charge
Nissan cell
4. LITHIUM ION
BATTERY
TECHNOLOGY
Disadvantages
Tendency to overheat
• When these batteries overheat
there is a chance for thermal
runaway and combustion
Price
• These batteries are very costly.
Also, because of this hazard
only limited amounts of these
cells are to be shipped at one
time
Tesla Model-S
5. NICKLE METAL HYDRIDE BATTERY
TECHNOLOGY
Advantages
30%-40% higher capacity over Ni-Cad batteries, the only
difference between the two is the anode that is used
Less prone to battery memory
• Battery memory is when large crystals form on the plates within
the battery cell
6. NICKLE METAL HYDRIDE BATTERY
TECHNOLOGY
Disadvantages
High self discharge rate
• 1%-3% state of charge can be lost in one day
Complex charging methods
• Requires battery “exercise” which is self charging and
discharging
7. LEAD ACID BATTERY TECHNOLOGY
Advantages
Low cost
Low Maintenance
• Only thing to worry about is when
you store them for extended periods
of time. Make sure to fully charge
battery or put the battery on a float
charge before storing
8. LEAD ACID BATTERY TECHNOLOGY
Disadvantages
Poor is cold weather
• Battery may freeze if state of charge is below 40%
Low energy density
9. GENERATION 1 TOYOTA PRIUS
• Uses a nickel metal hydride
battery cell.
• 168 different cells
producing 1.2 volts each
• 201.6 volts all together
• Battery is cooled by ambient
air delivered by ductwork
and a fan
10. GENERATION 1 TOYOTA PRIUS
• This battery can suffer is cooling
system is not taken care of
• Fan will collect particulate until the
fan eventually clogs
• This can cause overheating and
premature failure
11. CHEVY VOLT
• Uses Lithium Ion technology
• 288 individual battery cells to make up the
pack
• Each cell is in a flat laminated pack
• 6-foot-long T-shape design
• Coolant flows through 144 fins that separate
the cells
• Controlled by 16 different heat sensors
• Features heating coils to help battery reach
operating temperature faster
12. CHEVY SILVERADO/GMC SIERRA HYBRID
MODELS
• Uses three valve regulated lead acid
batteries
• GM FAS system is used which is short
for flywheel alternator starter
• This system acts as a starting and
charging system
• 14,000 watts of power generation
• Battery is sealed in a metal case
• Fuel economy for hybrid version 18-21
MPG
• Fuel economy for non hybrid 16-20 MPG
13. REFERENCES
Battery Basics. (n.d.). Retrieved April 14, 2020, from https://www.progressivedyn.com/service/battery-basics/
BU-203: Nickel-based Batteries. (2020). Retrieved April 15, 2020, from
https://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/nickel_based_batteries
English, P., “Battery Technology,” Presentation Auto 480 at Ferris State University, September 2020.
English, P., “Full or Strong Hybrids,” Presentation Auto 480 at Ferris State University, September 2020.
English, P., “Micro, Mild and Medium/Assist Hybrids,” Presentation Auto 480 at Ferris State University, September
2020.
English, P., “Volt, Enabling Cleaner/Smarter Tomorrow,” Presentation Auto 480 at Ferris State University, September
2020.
How to make your Prius Hybrid Battery last longer. (2015, April 22). Retrieved April 16, 2020, from
https://toyomotors.com/hybrid-battery-service/
Lithium-Ion Battery. (n.d.). Retrieved April 14, 2020, from https://www.cei.washington.edu/education/science-of-
solar/battery-technology/
News, A. (2010, July 23). How Chevy's Volt keeps its cool. Retrieved from
https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/how-chevys-volt-keeps-its-cool/
