3. Definition
• derived from the word ’motive’ which means needs, desires, wants or drives
within the individuals.
• is the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors.
• is a condition inside us that desires a change, either in the self or the
environment.
4. Features of Motivation
• Motivation is a personal and internal feeling
• Motivation is need-based
• Motivation is a continuous process
• Motivation may be positive or negative
• Motivation is a planned process
6. Extrinsic Motivation
Are those that arise from outside of the individual and often involve rewards
such as trophies, money, social recognition, or praise. A person is inspired by
outside forces—other people or events that transpire.
7. Intrinsic Motivation
Are generated by the sense of personal satisfaction that they bring. They are
driven by an interest or enjoyment in the task itself that comes from the
individual, not society. The inspiration comes from within a person—the desire
to improve at a certain activity.
8. Example
Let’s say cooking is one of your favourite hobbies: you love to cook for others
whenever you get a chance, and you can easily spend hours in the kitchen. You
are intrinsically motivated to cook. Then you decide to go to culinary school and
eventually get a job working as a chef in a good restaurant. You are now getting
extrinsic reinforcement (e.g., getting paid) for your work.
9. Major components of Motivation
• Activation - involves the decision to initiate a behaviour
• Persistence - is the continued effort toward a goal even though obstacles
may exist
• Intensity - can be seen in the concentration and vigor that goes into
pursuing a goal
10. Uses of Motivation
• Help improve the efficiency of people as they work toward goals
• Help people take action
• Encourage people to engage in health-oriented behaviors
• Help people feel more in control of their lives
• Improve overall well-being and happiness
11. Theories of Motivation
• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
• Alderfer’s ERG Theory
• McClelland’s Needs
• Herzberg’s Two-factor Model
• Expectancy Theory
12.
13. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
• Physiological - includes hunger, thirst, shelter, and other bodily needs
• Safety - includes security and protection from physical and emotional harm
• Social - includes affection, belongingness acceptance, and friendship
• Esteem - includes internal esteem factors such as self-respect, autonomy, and achievement; and
external esteem factors such as status, recognition, and attention
• Self-actualization - the drive to become what one is capable of becoming; includes growth,
achieving one’s potential, and self-fulfilment
14. Alderfer’s ERG Theory
• Existence needs – need for material and energy exchange; basic
physiological and safety needs
• Relatedness needs – transactions with human environment, process of
sharing or mutuality; need for interpersonal relationships and attention
• Growth needs – people make creative or productive efforts for themselves;
need for personal growth and self-development
15. McClelland's Needs
• The Need for Achievement: the drive to excel, achieve in relation to a set
of standards, strive to succeed.
• The Need for Power: The need to make others behave in a way that they
would not have behaved otherwise.
• The Need for Affiliation: The desire for friendly and close interpersonal
relationships.
16. Herzberg’s Two-factor Model
• Motivators – factors that really motivate people, also called satisfiers,
provide intrinsic motivation
Examples for Motivators: recognition, growth and career development
opportunities, responsibility, autonomy, self-fulfilment
• Hygiene factors – dissatisfiers; their absence would demotivate people, but
their presence not necessarily improves motivation; essentially describe the
environment, little effect on positive job attitudes
Examples for Hygiene factors: salary, work conditions, relationships with superior
and peers, company policy
17. Expectancy Theory
• Effort-performance relationship or the probability perceived by the individual
that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to performance.
• Performance-reward relationship or the degree to which the individual believes
that performing at a particular level will lead to the attainment of a desired
outcome.
• Rewards-personal goals relationship or the degree to which organizational
rewards satisfy an individual’s personal goals or needs and the attractiveness of
those potential rewards for the individual.
19. EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION THE GOOGLE WAY
When it comes to motivating their employees, it can be said without question that Google stands out
from the rest. Google was named the 2014 “Best Company to Work For” by the Great Place to Work
Institute and Fortune Magazine. The organization topped the list for the fifth time. True, in its short
lifespan, Google has acquired for itself a huge and bright workforce (over 50,000 employees spread
throughout the world) that serves millions of people all over the globe. However, what is even more
exemplary is how Google heavily pampers its employees while still being able to extract one-of-a-kind
and outstanding ideas and products from them.
Just like other companies, Google offers the usual extrinsic benefits such as flex spending accounts, no-
cost health and dental benefits, insurance, 401K plans, vacation packages and tuition reimbursements.
However, Google is better known for some really distinctive and “more than just attractive” perks and
benefits which just serve to show the very extreme lengths the company goes to make its employees
consistently happy.
20. • Reimbursement of up to $5000 to employees for legal expenses
• Maternity benefits of a maximum of 18 weeks off at about 100 percent pay. The father and
mother of the newborn are given expenses of a maximum of $500 for take-out meals in the
initial 3 months they spend at home with the baby (Take-Out Benefits).
• Financial support for adopting a child (Google’s Adoption Assistance)
• On-site car wash, oil change, bike repair, dry cleaning, gym, massage therapy and hair stylist
are available at the company’s headquarters in Mountain View
• At the Googleplex, there’s an onsite doctor and free fitness center and trainer and facility to
wash clothes among other benefits
• Lunch and dinner is available free of charge, In addition, an assortment of delicious but
healthy meals are available every day, prepared by gourmet chefs.
21. EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION THE GOOGLE WAY
• Voice and Value
• Transparency
• Freedom over How and When Work is Completed
• Flexibility
• Fun is a Regular Aspect of Work
